• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1991

This study intends to provide some desirable suggestions for the development of application oriented mathematics curriculum. More specific objects of this study is: 1. To identify the meaning of application and modelling in mathematics curriculm. 2. To illuminate the historical background of and trends in application and modelling in the mathematics curricula. 3. To consider the reasons for including application and modelling in the mathematics curriculum. 4. To find out some implication for developing application oriented mathematics curriculum. The meaning of application and modelling is clarified as follows: If an arbitrary area of extra-mathematical reality is submitted to any kind of treatment which invovles mathematical concepts, methods, results, topics, we shall speak of the process of applying mathemtaics to that area. For the result of the process we shall use the term an application of mathematics. Certain objects, relations between them, and structures belonging to the area under consideration are selected and translated into mathemtaical objects, relation and structures, which are said to represent the original ones. Now, the concept of mathematical model is defined as the collection of mathematical objcets, . relations, structures, and so on, irrespective of what area is being represented by the model and how. And the full process of constructing a mathematical model of a given area is called as modelling, or model-building. During the last few decades an enormous extension of the use of mathemtaics in other disciplines has occurred. Nowadays the concept of a mathematical model is often used and interest has turned to the dynamic interaction between the real world and mathematics, to the process translating a real situation into a mathematical model and vice versa. The continued growing importance of mathematics in everyday practice has not been reflected to the same extent in the teaching and learning of mathematics in school. In particular the world-wide 'New Maths Movement' of the 19608 actually caused a reduction of the importance of application and modelling in mathematics teaching. Eventually, in the 1970s, there was a reaction to the excessive formallism of 'New Maths', and a return in many countries to the importance of application and connections to the reality in mathematics teaching. However, the main emphasis was put on mathematical models. Applicaton and modelling should be part of the mathematics curriculum in order to: 1. Convince students, who lacks visible relevance to their present and future lives, that mathematical activities are worthwhile, and motivate their studies. 2. Assist the acqusition and understanding of mathematical ideas, concepts, methods, theories and provide illustrations and interpretations of them. 3. Prepare students for being able to practice application and modelling as private individuals or as citizens, at present or in the future. 4. Foster in students the ability to utilise mathematics in complex situations. Of these four reasons the first is rather defensive, serving to protect or strengthen the position of mathematics, whereas the last three imply a positive interest in application and modelling for their own sake or for their capacity to improve mathematics teaching. Suggestions, recomendations and implications for developing application oriented mathematics curriculum were made as follows: 1. Many applications and modelling case studies suitable for various levels should be investigated and published for the teacher. 2. Mathematics education both for general and vocational students should encompass application and modelling activities, of a constructive as well as analytical and critical nature. 3. Application and modelling activities should. be introduced in mathematics curriculum through the interdisciplinary integrated approach. 4. What are the central ideas of, and what are less-important topics of application-oriented curriculum should be studied and selected. 5. For any mathematics teacher, application and modelling should form part of pre- and in-service education.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.81-98
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to fine out the general physical status of the neonates, and to identify the risk factors of the mothers and the neonates which were significantly related to the neonatal diseases during hospitalization. The data were obtained from clinical records of 1098 neonates born in Seoul Red cross Hospital between January 1st of 1984 and December 31th of 1986. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of the maternal group. 1) The average of maternal age was 26.6 years, the $91.7\%$ of the mothers de liveried at the age of 20-34 years old. 2) The distribution of the types of delivey were as follows : spontaneous delivery $39.9\%$, cesarean section $32.4\%$, vaccum extraction $25.7\%$, and breech delivery$2.0\%$. 3) The $40.3\%$ of the total de liveried mother had experienced abortion. 4) The $42.3\%$ of the total deliveried mother had one or more obstetric risk factors. 2. General characteristics of the neonatal group. 1) In the distribution of sex, male was $49.4\%$, female $50.6\%$. 2) The average of birth weights was 3,020gm. The distribution of birth weight were as follows; nomal weight $85.5\%$, low birth weight $12.7\%$ and high birth weight $2.5\%$. 3) The average of gestational age was 39.2 weeks. The distribution of gestational age were as follows; full term $77.4\%$, preterm $13.7\%$, and postterm $8.9\%$. 4) The average of Apgar Score was 9.0 at one minute and 9.6 at five minutes. 5) The $5.7\%$ of the neonates had one or more neonatal risk symptoms and signs at birth. 3. Apgar Score by the maternal and neonatal factors. In Apgar Score at one minute, normal group was higher than that of abnormal group. Apgar Score at five minutes was slightly higher than that at one minute. 4. The distribution of the maternal risk factors and the neonatal risk factors. 1) The total numbers of the maternal risk factors were 1376. The distribution of the maternal risk factors were as follows: obstetric factor $33.7\%$, abortion $32.2\%$, breech and cesarean section delivery $27.5\%$ and maternal age under 19 years and over 35 years $6.6\%$. 2) The total numbers of the neonatal risk factors were 517. The distribution of the neonatal risk factors were as follows: gestational age under 37 weeks and over 42 weeks $48.0\%$, birth weight under 2500gm and over 4000gm $12.2\%$, Apgar score under 4 at one munute $6.4\%$ and Apgar score at five munutes $2.7\%$. 3) The total numbers of the obstetric risk factors were 661. The types of the obstetric risk factors were meconium stained amniotic fluid $22.0\%$, premature rupture of membrane $17.5\%$. absence prenatal care $14.1\%$, unmarried pregnancy $10.3\%$, placenta problem $9.0\%$, toxemia $8.0\%$. 4) The total numbers of the neonatal risk symptoms and signs at birth were 83. The types of the neonatal risk symptoms and signs were respiratory distress $65.1\%$, neonatal apnea $14.4\%$, convulsion $13.3%$, meconium aspiration syndrome $4.8\%$, cyanosis $2.4\%$. 5. The relationship between the maternal risk factors and the neonatal risk factors. 1) Maternal age under 19 years or over 35 years was significantly related to Apgar Score under 4 at 5 minutes. 2) Breech delivery or cesarean section was significantly related to neonatal risk factor at birth such as birth weight, gestational age, Apgar Score at one minute and at five minutes. and neonatal risk symptoms and signs. 3) Obstetric risk factors were significantly related to the neonatal risk factors at birth. 4) Abortion was not related to the neonatal risk factors. 6. The relationship between neonatal diseases during hosptalization and the maternal or the neonatal risk factors. 1) The total numbers of neonatal diseases during hospitalization were 281. The distribution of neonatal diseases were as follows: birth trauma $38.1\%$, infectious disease $31.3\%$, hematologic disease $21.4\%$, respiratory disease $6.0\%$, neurologic disease $2.5\%$. cardiovascular disease $0.7\%$. 3) Most maternal risk factors except abortion were significantly related to neonatal diseases. 4) Most neonatal risk factors at birth were significantly related to neonatal diseases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1976

This paper presents the results of a survey for the causes of sensori-neural hearing impairment in Korea, The subjects were 1,676 children of total 2,928 enrolled in 16 Deaf Schools; two schools in each area of Seoul, Busan, Kyoungbook, Kyoungnam, Kyounggi and Chunbug, and each one in Chungnam, Chungbug, Chunnam and Jaeju. The data were collected by questionaire with 28 items distributed to their parents. The filling in the check lists were performed by their class teachers, interviewer, for 18 months from September, 1975 to february, 1976. The questionable or missed problems were reaffirmed. The results obtained were as follows. Most of the reasons, 78.5% were acquired characters that could be developed during pregnant period, the time of delivery and the time of after birth. The pure hereditary reasons except the cases complexed with one or two were only 11.3%. Those who could not be defined with any reasons were 10.2%. Among the acquired causes, 5.8% of total subjects were developed for pregnancy: 3.3%, during delivery; and 69.7%, after birth. In the pregnant period, the drug intoxications were 2.4% of total subjects, several diseases such as influenja, bleeding, surgical operation, venereal diseases and rubella etc. were about one percent, and the accompanied with some symptoms of pregnancy intoxication and traumatic events were 2.4%, During time, the cases with delayed rhythmical pain were 16 persons, the immaturities were 11, the asphyxial cases were nine, the errors of forceps delivery were seven, the cases of low body weight inspite of full term were four, the cases with cesarian section were three, the head injuries were two, and the accompanied with three kinds of above reasons were three. During after birth, the cases with acute communicable diseases were 35.4% of total subjects, the fever unknown origin were 16.1%, the chronic otitis media were 3.7%, the meningitis were 3.5%, the gastric and nutritional diseases were 3.5%, the drug intoxications were 4.8%, the blood diseases were 0.3% and the other causes were 2.2%. Here by acute communicable diseases, some importants were measle, 10.1% of total subjects; meningitis, 7.3%; convulsion with some reasons, 4.9%; poliomyelitis. 3.2%; encephalitis, 2.4%; and mumps, rubella, pertusis, scarlet fever, and small pox were somewhat played a role in. Among 59 cases with train diseases, 53 were concussion by the accidents, such as traffic and falling or sliping down etc., the cerebral paralysis and hydrocephalus were two, respectively. And the blood diseases were severe newjaundice in all five cases. If we were summarized with the above mentioned, most of the hearing impairments were introduced by the combined reasons with familial or hereditary factors and the acquired, than by a simple disease. Among the congenital or hereditary hearing impairments classified to now a day, we suppose that the many cases with the acquired causes during pregnancy, delivery and after birth were complexed. Subsequently, the maternal and child health should be more and more developed in our country, also.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.248-260
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• 2004

연구배경 : INH 내성률은 국내 초치료 폐결핵 환자의 10%, 재치료 환자의 20%에 달하지만 아직까지 국내 치료지침이 정립되지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구는 INH 내성폐결핵의 치료실태와 치료성적을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1994년 10월부터 2001년 12월까지 삼성서울병원에서 객담에서 배양된 결핵균에 대해 약제감수성검사를 시행하여 다제내성을 제외한 INH 내성이 확인된 69명의 폐결핵 환자 중 6개월 이상 치료를 시행한 60명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 획득내성이 28명(46.7%), 객담도말양성이 44명(73.3%), 공동이 30명(50.0%)에서 관찰되었다. INH가 처방된 50명 중 INH 내성이 확인된 후 INH를 제외한 환자는 7명(14.0%)이었다. 치료약제와 치료기간은 다양하였으며, RIF, EMB, PZA를 12개월간 사용한 경우가 11명(18.3%)으로 가장 많았다. 치료결과는 완치 27명(45.0%), 균음전을 확인하지 못한 치료종결이 20명(33.3%)으로 치료성공이 47명(78.3%), 치료실패가 13명(21.7%)이었다. 공동이 있는 경우(p=0.005)와 RIF이 포함되지 않고 2차 약제만으로 치료처방을 구성한 경우(p=0.015)에 치료실패율이 높았다. 한 명의 환자에서 재발이 관찰되었다. 결 론 : INH 내성 폐결핵의 치료효율을 높이기 위해서 표준화된 국내 치료지침의 제정이 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.45-79
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• 1980

The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanics of price formation in the tramp shipping. For the purpose of this study, the main characteristics of tramp freight rates and the market is examined, and a brief examination of the nature ofthe costs of operation is given which are essential for the understanding of the functioning of shipping firms as well as for the understanding of developments in the tramp freight market. The demand and supply relationships in the market is also analysed in detail. Tramp shipping is an industry that has a market which functions under conditions that are not dissimilar to the theoretical model of perfect competition. However, it does notmean that tramp shipping market is a perfectly competitive market. It is apparent that this realworld competitive system has its imperfections, which means that the market for tramp shipping is near to being a perfectly competitive market on an internaitonal scale and it is freight are therefore subjext to the laws of supply and demand. In theory, the minimum freight rate in the short term is that at which the lowest cost vessels will lay-up in preference to operating, and is equal to the variable costs minus lay-up costs; and this would imply that in all times except those of full employment for ships there is a tendency for newer low-cost, and, probably, faster vessels to be driving the older high-cost vessels in the breaker's yards. In this case, shipowners may be reluctant to lay-up their ships becasue of obligations to crews, or because they would lose credibility with shippers or financiers, or simply because of lost prestige. Mainly, however, the decision is made on strictly economic grounds. When, for example, the total operating costs minus the likely freight earnings are greater than the cost of taking the ship out of service, maintaining it, and recommissioning it, then a ship may be considered for laying-up; shipowners will, in other words, run the ships at freight earnings below operating costs by as much as the cost of laying them up. As described above, the freight rates fixed on the tramp shipping market are subject to the laws of supply and demand. In other words, the basic properties of supply and demand are of significance so far as price or rate fluctuations in the tramp freight market are concerned. In connection with the same of the demand for tramp shipping services, the following points should be brone in mind: (a) That the magnitude of demand for sea transport of dry cargoes in general and for tramp shipping services in particular is increasing in the long run. (b) That owning to external factors, the demand for tramp shipping services is capable of varying sharphy at a given going of time. (c) The demad for the industry's services tends to be price inelastic in the short run. On the other hand the demand for the services offered by the individual shipping firm tends as a rule to be infinitely price elastic. In the meantime, the properties of the supply of the tramp shipping facilities are that it cannot expand or contract in the short run. Also, that in the long run there is a time-lag between entrepreneurs' decision to expand their fleets and the actual time of delivery of the new vessels. Thus, supply is inelastic and not capable of responding to demand and price changes at a given period of time. In conclusion, it can be safely stated that short-run changes in freight rates are a direct result of variations in the magnitude of demand for tramp shipping facilities, whilest the average level of freight rates is brought down to relatively low levels over prolonged periods of time.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-42
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• 2008

Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2009

목 적: BCG 림프절염은 BCG 접종 후 생기는 비교적 흔한 이상반응으로 일차 의료기관에서는 진단 및 치료가 잘 이루어지지 않아 2,3차 의료기관으로 의뢰가 많이 되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 단일 기관에서 경험한 BCG 림프절염의 임상적 특징과 치료한 경험을 보고하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2005년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 만 4년간 고려대학교 의료원 안산병원 소아청소년과 외래에 내원한 환아 중 BCG 림프절염으로 진단된 환아 33명을 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록지를 후향적으로 조사하여 BCG 접종 시기, 접종 의료기관, 균주 등을 확인하였고, 림프절염의 발생 시기, 위치, 크기, 치료 경과 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 대상 환아 33례중, 남아가 21례(63.6%), 여아가 12례(36.4%)였다. 진단 당시 평균 연령은 6개월이였다. 1례(재태연령 31주)를 제외하고는 모두 정상 만삭아로 출생했다. 접종 시기는 미숙아 1례를 제외하고 모두 생후 1개월 이내였다. 피내용 백신을 접종한 경우가 French 1173 균주 14례(42.4%), Danish 1331 균주 7례(21.2%) 였고, Tokyo 172 균주로 다자경피접종을 한 경우가 12례(36.4%)였다. 접종 의료기관은 보건소가 21례(63.6%)로 가장 많았고, 개인의원 11례(33.3%), 대학병원이 1례(3%)였다. 림프절염은 백신 접종 후 1개월 후부터 34개월까지에 걸쳐 발생하였으며, 6개월 미만이 24례(72.7%)을 차지하였다 좌측 쇄골 상와에 발생한 1례를 제외하고 모두 좌측 액와에 생겼다. 림프절 크기는 23례(69.6%)에서 1 cm 이상 3 cm 미만이였으나 5 cm 이상인 경우도 있었다. 관찰 결과 BCG 림프절염이 발생한 33명 중 16례(48.5%)는 시간이 지나면서 저절로 호전되었고, 3례(9.1%)는 자연 파열되어 배농되었다. 14례(42.4%)는 바늘배농을 시행하였다. 이 중 7례에서 2회의 바늘 배농이 필요했고, 제대로 배농이 안 된 경우 5회까지 시술 후 호전된 환아도 있었다. 치료 기간은 평균 4개월이 걸렸다. 결 론: BCG 접종 후 발생한 림프절염은 시간이 지나면서 저절로 호전되거나, 자연 배농된다. 화농성 림프절염은 일부에서 바늘 배농을 통한 흡인이 필요하였다. 하지만, 호전까지 수개월의 시간과 반복 시술이 필요할 수도 있으므로, BCG 림프절염의 발생을 줄이기 위한 노력과 연구가 계속되어야 하겠다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2005

목 적 : 정상 만삭아의 혈압을 측정하여 우리나라 신생아의 평균혈압을 알고 기존의 참고치로 사용되고 있는 외국 자료와 비교하고 신생아 고혈압 선별에 도움이 되고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 5월부터 2004년 1월까지 포천 중문의과대학교 분당차병원에서 출생한 건강한 신생아 중 남아(194명), 여아(189명) 총 383명을 대상으로 진동식 자동 혈압계로 1-3회 측정하여 총 773회를 혈압치를 수집하였다. 전체 대상아의 평균 혈압과 성별 간, 분만 방법 간, 이상 병력의 유무(산모 질환, 주산기 과거력이나 단일제대 동맥 중 하나라도 있는 경우)에 따른 혈압의 차이를 구하고 출생체중과 재태기간에 따른 수축기 혈압의 변화를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 전체 대상아 383명의 수축기 혈압은 70.8$\pm$10.9 mmHg, 이완기 혈압은 43.4$\pm$8.0mmHg 이었다. 성별 간 비교에서는 남아의 수축기 혈압은 71.1$\pm$11.4 mmHg, 이완기 혈압은 43.6$\pm$8.2 mmHg, 여아의 수축기 혈압은 70.5$\pm$10.3 mmHg, 이완기 혈압은 43.2$\pm$7.7 mmHg로 성별 간 혈압의 통계학적 유의한 차이는 없었다.(p>0.05). 분만 방법의 차이에 따른 혈압의 비교에서는 혈압 측정한 날을 수정하여 비교한 결과 제왕절개를 한 군과 질식분만을 한 군 간의 혈압은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).이상 병력의 유무에 따른 혈압의 비교로는 이상 병력이 있는 군은 72명으로 수축기 혈압이 71.5$\pm$12.3 mmHg, 이완기 혈압이 43.4$\pm$8.5 mmHg이었으며, 이상 병력이 없는 311명의 신생아는 수축기 혈압이 70.6$\pm$10.5 mmHg, 이완기 혈압이 43.4$\pm$7.9 mmHg로 두 군 간 통계학적 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 또한 출생체중과 재태기간이 증가할수록 수축기 혈압은 상승하였다.(r=0.1420, 0.0360)결 론 : 본 연구에서 건강한 신생아 383명을 대상으로 혈압을 측정한 결과 기존의 외국 데이터와 유사하였고, 이를 토대로 신생아 고혈압의 조기선별하고 치료를 시작하여 그 주요 원인이 되는 신질환 합병증의 예방과 신기능의 유지에도움이 되고자 한다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 조산으로 출생한 영유아와 만삭아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 차이를 비교하고 조산으로 출생한 영유아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 상관관계를 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 107명으로 조산아 51명, 만삭아 56명이었다. 감각처리능력을 평가하기 위해 영유아 감각프로파일 2(Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile 2; ITSP 2)를 사용하였고 섭식을 평가하기 위해 아동섭식행동평가(Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment; BPFAS)를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 조산아와 만삭아의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 독립표본 t 검정을 사용하였으며, 조산아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson 상관분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 조산아와 만삭아의 감각처리능력을 비교한 결과 감각특성 중 감각예민(p=.019), 하위영역 중 구강감각처리능력(p=.001)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 조산아와 만삭아의 섭식을 비교한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.00). 조산아의 감각처리특성 중 감각회피(r=.443), 감각예민(r=.374)은 섭식빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였고 감각처리 하위영역 중 일반적 행동(r=.390), 구강감각처리(r=.513)는 섭식빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 구강감각처리(r=.529)는 섭식문제와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 조산아와 만삭아의 감각처리능력과 섭식에서 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 조산아의 감각처리능력은 섭식과 상관관계가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 조산아의 섭식을 이해하기 위해 감각처리능력이 중요하다는 근거를 제시하는데 의의가 있다.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.107-156
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• 2018

이 글은 일본 철강산업의 사내하청 활용 전개와 노사관계 안정에 관하여 조강생산량 1위와 2위인 대표적 제철회사를 대상으로 역사적으로 살펴보았다. 제철소 노동자 중 사내하청 노동자가 차지하는 비율은 전후 2000년대 중반까지 지속해서 증가하여 1위인 S사의 경우 약 70%였다. 사내하청은 고용의 수량적 유연성을 높여서 인건비 절약을 꾀하려는 기업의 전략으로 활용되었다. 사내하청 기업의 담당업무는 기업 특수적 숙련을 필요로 하였는데 그것에 대응하는 형태로 정규직의 비율이 높아지고 이직률도 낮아 내부노동시장이 형성되었다. 사내하청 기업이 업무수행에 필요한 설비나 자재를 자체 도입함으로서 원청과는 장기적인 거래관계를 맺게 되었고, 원청은 사내하청의 생산성 향상 정책을 실시하여 상생적인 관계가 전개되었다. 노조는 사내하청 확대가 기업 이익, 조합원의 고용안정 및 노동조건 유지 등에 기여하는 것으로 보고 반대하지 않았다. 출향과 전적을 통하여 사내하청이 확대되는 것도 마찬가지로 반대하지 않았다. 2000년 이후 원청이 사내하청 기업의 자회사화를 추진하여 상생적인 관계는 자본관계로 뒷받침 되었다. 그런데 2000년대 중반 이후 직영화의 움직임이 나타나고 있는데 그것은 법령준수 요구 강화, 고객의 품질향상과 납기 달성의 엄격성, 노동력 확보 등이 주요 요인이다. 원청과 사내하청간의 노동조건 격차는 임금의 경우 B사가 S사보다 작았는데 사내하청이 원청의 약 90%였다. 상대적으로 B사의 격차가 작은 것은 노조의 격차 축소 운동, 낮은 시장 지배력과 불리한 노동시장 등에 따른 것으로 보인다. 이와 같이 사내하청에도 내부노동시장이 형성되어 왔고, 원청과의 임금격차도 크지 않아 노사분쟁의 가능성이 낮다. 원청뿐만 아니라 사내하청에서도 노사관계는 안정되어 있다. 우리나라의 철강산업 노사관계 안정화는 원청과 하청기업간의 장기적 상생협력관계 하에서 하청기업에서 내부노동시장을 형성/확대하면서 생산성을 높여 원청과의 격차를 줄여나가는 것이 요구된다.