Pediatric Infection and Vaccine

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (대한소아감염학회)
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Clinical Features of BCG Lymphadenitis

BCG 림프절염의 임상양상

  • Kwon, Hyo Jin (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Song, Doo Il (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Yun Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Jang, Gi Young (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Choi, Byung Min (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jung Hwa (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University)
  • 권효진 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 송두일 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김윤경 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 장기영 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 최병민 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이정화 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2009.05.28
  • Accepted : 2009.06.10
  • Published : 2009.06.25
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Abstract

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis. Methods : Between May 2005 and April 2009, the medical records of 33 patients with BCG lymphadenitis were retrospectively reviewed. If needed, needle aspiration was recommended without surgical resection or antituberculous medication. Results : Of the 33 patients who were identified, 21 were males and 12 were females. Among the 33 patients, 32 were full-term babies. The mean age was 6 months (range, 2-35 months) and the most prevalent site of the lesion was the left axilla. BCG lymphadenitis was observed 1-34 months after BCG vaccination, mostly 1-6 months after vaccination. The size of the enlargement was generally 1-3 cm. The strains were identified as French (n=14), Danish (n=7), and Tokyo (n=12). BCG lymphadenitis regressed spontaneously in 19 patients. After 1-5 needle aspirations, 14 patients recovered completely. Complete regression of lymphadenitis was recorded over an average period of 4 months. Conclusion : Clinicians need to be aware of the clinical features of BCG lymphadenitis. For management of BCG lymphadenitis, regular follow-up with observation should be the mainstay. Needle aspiration is a safe and easy treatment for suppurative BCG lymphadenitis.

목 적: BCG 림프절염은 BCG 접종 후 생기는 비교적 흔한 이상반응으로 일차 의료기관에서는 진단 및 치료가 잘 이루어지지 않아 2,3차 의료기관으로 의뢰가 많이 되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 단일 기관에서 경험한 BCG 림프절염의 임상적 특징과 치료한 경험을 보고하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2005년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 만 4년간 고려대학교 의료원 안산병원 소아청소년과 외래에 내원한 환아 중 BCG 림프절염으로 진단된 환아 33명을 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록지를 후향적으로 조사하여 BCG 접종 시기, 접종 의료기관, 균주 등을 확인하였고, 림프절염의 발생 시기, 위치, 크기, 치료 경과 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 대상 환아 33례중, 남아가 21례(63.6%), 여아가 12례(36.4%)였다. 진단 당시 평균 연령은 6개월이였다. 1례(재태연령 31주)를 제외하고는 모두 정상 만삭아로 출생했다. 접종 시기는 미숙아 1례를 제외하고 모두 생후 1개월 이내였다. 피내용 백신을 접종한 경우가 French 1173 균주 14례(42.4%), Danish 1331 균주 7례(21.2%) 였고, Tokyo 172 균주로 다자경피접종을 한 경우가 12례(36.4%)였다. 접종 의료기관은 보건소가 21례(63.6%)로 가장 많았고, 개인의원 11례(33.3%), 대학병원이 1례(3%)였다. 림프절염은 백신 접종 후 1개월 후부터 34개월까지에 걸쳐 발생하였으며, 6개월 미만이 24례(72.7%)을 차지하였다 좌측 쇄골 상와에 발생한 1례를 제외하고 모두 좌측 액와에 생겼다. 림프절 크기는 23례(69.6%)에서 1 cm 이상 3 cm 미만이였으나 5 cm 이상인 경우도 있었다. 관찰 결과 BCG 림프절염이 발생한 33명 중 16례(48.5%)는 시간이 지나면서 저절로 호전되었고, 3례(9.1%)는 자연 파열되어 배농되었다. 14례(42.4%)는 바늘배농을 시행하였다. 이 중 7례에서 2회의 바늘 배농이 필요했고, 제대로 배농이 안 된 경우 5회까지 시술 후 호전된 환아도 있었다. 치료 기간은 평균 4개월이 걸렸다. 결 론: BCG 접종 후 발생한 림프절염은 시간이 지나면서 저절로 호전되거나, 자연 배농된다. 화농성 림프절염은 일부에서 바늘 배농을 통한 흡인이 필요하였다. 하지만, 호전까지 수개월의 시간과 반복 시술이 필요할 수도 있으므로, BCG 림프절염의 발생을 줄이기 위한 노력과 연구가 계속되어야 하겠다.

Keywords

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