• Korean Security Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.51-80
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• 2011

I had an interview with some unemployed career staffs who had retired and worked for more than twenty years in order to research impacting elements on reemployment for l retired special security government officials. This interview included an officer and a consultant for supporting employment in order to explore compacting elements on retired security government official's reemployment. Looking over analysis results, first, there is a shortage of reemployment opportunities and information. The job applicant's employment requirements are not in accordance with the company's employment conditions. They don't have enough professional experience necessary for employment. There is no positive employment supporting counterplan or vocational education program in the organization. Second, their insight about finding a job is high for the current employment market condition. The reemployment offices have a very difficult task because job applicants prefer a full-time job which offers long term work and guarantees a social position. Third, it is a huge obstacle to undertake going into various enterprises and fields because they don't have the right mind set and enough preparation for reemployment. Moreover, they would prefer to depend on organization employment support rather than getting a new job by themselves when they don't possess other careers' qualifications. Finally, they know that social networks and personal connections are extremely important in obtaining vocations, but actually have poor social networks and few personal connections. Accordingly, Their organization and related persons need to reflect on analysis results about impacting elements on reemployment for retired special security government officials.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

A variety of physical, chemical, and microbiological techniques have been developed to deal with soil and groundwater contamination. However, in the presence of the large portion of soil micro-environments, contaminant rebound and/or tailing have been frequently reported. Case study of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal by full-scale land farming showed that contaminant rebound and/or tailing occurred in 9 out of total 21 cases and subsequently resulted in problems of a long term operation to satisfy TPH guidelines of contaminated soil and groundwater. The main cause of contaminant rebound and tailing is considered to be the strong interactions between contaminants and micro-environments including micro-particles, micro-pores, and organic matter. Thus, this study reviewed the effects of soil micro-environments of soil and groundwater on the removal efficiency for both heavy metals and petroleum contaminants. In addition, the various methods of sampling, analysis, and assessment of soil micro-environments were evaluated. Thorough understanding of the effects of soil micro-environments on contaminant removal will be essential to achieve a cost-effective and efficient solution to contaminated sites.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2002

Objectives : To measure DALE (Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy) in Korea to find out how long Koreans live in a state of full heath. Methods : DALE was calculated using the life table of 1999 and the disability prevalence from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which was conducted with a sample of 13,523 households in 1998. The disability prevalence was measured using the annual prevalence of the long-term limitation of activities, which were divided into classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 according to the severity of the limitation. The disability weights were measured for each 6 class by conducting a survey of 16 healthcare professionals. The severity-adjusted disability prevalence was calculated by multiplying the disability prevalence of each class by the disability weights respectively. Healthy life years lost due to disability was calculated by multiplying the life expectancy by the severity-adjusted disability prevalence. Finally DALE was measured as the life expectancy minus healthy life years lost due to disability. Results : DALE for 1999, which refers to the expectation of equivalent years of good health, were 72.5, 69.5 and 75.3 years, for total, for males and for females, respectively. The percentages for DALE out of the life expectancy were 95.8, 96.6 and 94.4% for total, for males and for females, respectively. Conclusions : DALE is a newly developed indicator, which could effectively show the healthy life expectancy of populations. A greater notice and use of DALE would be expected as life expectancies increase and the quality of life changes in Korea.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiologic features of febrile illnesses in newborns and to predict the risk of serious infections in this population. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 123 full-term infants <30 days of age with an axillary temperature >38$^{\circ}C$ who were hospitalized between 2000 and 2006. Neonates with prenatal risk factors, congenital anomalies, antibiotic administration prior to admission to the hospital, or suspected hospital-acquired infections were excluded. We evaluated the symptoms, physical examination findings, laboratory data, and clinical course between the high- and low-risk groups for serious infections. Results : The high-risk group included 30 infants with the following diagnoses in order of frequency: aseptic meningitis, urinary tract infection, bacterial meningitis, infectious enteritis, sepsis concomitant with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, bacteremia, pneumonia, cellulitis, and omphalitis. Leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were statistically different between the two groups. Factors, such as moaning signs, seizures, body temperature, and pulse rate were statistically significant. Conclusion : Unlike previous studies, we included newborns with clinical bacterial infections and aseptic meningitis as the high-risk group. Leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, moaning signs, seizures, and changes in vital signs were considered useful predictors for identifying febrile neonates at high-risk for serious infections in spite of a difference in the definition of serious infection.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.47
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• pp.296.1-296.7
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• 2018

Background: Antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum preventive measures with antiretroviral drugs, appropriate delivery methods, and discouraging breastfeeding significantly decrease the risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Herein, we investigated the pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected Korean women. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of childbearing-age HIV-infected women between January 2005 and June 2017 at four tertiary care hospitals in Korea. Results: Among a total of 95 HIV infected women of child-bearing age with 587.61 years of follow-up duration, 15 HIV-infected women experienced 21 pregnancies and delivered 16 infants. The pregnancy rate was 3.57 per 100 patient-years. Among the 21 pregnancies, five ended with an induced abortion, and 16 with childbirth including two preterm deliveries at 24 and 35 weeks of gestation, respectively. The two preterm infants had low birth weight and one of them died 10 days after delivery due to respiratory failure. Among the 14 full-term infants, one infant was small for gestational age. There were no HIV-infected infants. Conclusion: The pregnancy rate of HIV-infected women in Korea is lower than that of the general population. Although several adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed, mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection was successfully prevented with effective preventive measures.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2019

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) usually have poor oral health status and are susceptive to have more caries than general populations. Even when the patients get regular dental treatment, their dental conditions are usually not good for some additional factors. In this presentation, we show dental follow-up care of two patients who have multiple caries. The first case is a 16-year-old boy who has a unilateral facial paralysis with ID. As the lack of controlling of the muscles resulted in interfering with the self-cleansing, it would be associated with a higher incidence on the affected side. Endodontic treatment and caries treatment as restoration was performed. Due to loss of posterior occlusal support on right side, we planned to recover the right posterior relationship by full coverage restorations. In second case, a 20-year-old boy has been on a long-term follow up. Caries treatment, periodontal treatment, and prosthetic treatment were performed under several times of general anesthesia. He has been treated more than 8 years and gets a regular check at 1-month intervals, however, high dental caries susceptibility has been retained. These cases present that dentists should perform more aggressive treatment and be involved in providing better maintenance of patients with intellectual disabilities with multiple caries in adolescence. In other words, it is necessary to suggest a customized preventive strategy for patients with ID.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2021

Considering worldwide efforts to mitigate repercussions of climate change, the South Korean government has declared to reach net zero by 2050 to achieve a carbon-neutral sustainable society. For full implementation of NDCs, the government has actively reflected its forestry sector into these strategies. Since coarse woody debris (CWD) in forests represents an enduring carbon storage, it is of particular significance to determine characteristics of changes in carbon stocks of CWD by utilizing data on dead trees monitored in permanent sample plots within national forest inventories (NFIs). In this study, therefore, both occurrence and carbon stocks of CWD were estimated in such plots using data on CWD from the 5^th, 6^th, and 7^th NFIs. Subsequently, characteristics of changes in carbon stocks over time were analyzed. Based on the analysis of 2,021 plots available for monitoring in each NFI of Gangwon Province, the volume of CWD (m³ ha^-1) was found to be 4.71 in the 5^th NFI and 4.09 in the 6^th NFI. However, the volume of CWD declined to 3.09 in the 7^th NFI. Moreover, the annual carbon stocks of CWD (ton C ha^-1) were estimated to be 0.67 in 2009, 0.64 in 2014, and 0.41 in 2019, showing a downward trend over time. This study provides a basis for future research to investigate long-term changes and estimate carbon stocks of CWD in South Korea forests.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.676-683
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• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system and fighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the long-term application or a high dose of KRG can cause "fireness" (上火 in Chinese) because of its "dryness" (燥性 in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRG in participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180 Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants were given a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in fireness and safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heat symptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significant change as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCM symptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and time-dependent effect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effects in people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may be required for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conception of "fireness" related to KRG.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2021

FinTech has been discussed as an important business area towards technology-driven financial innovation. The term fintech is a combination of finance and technology, which means ICT technology currently associated with all finance areas. The popularity of the fintech industry has significantly increased over time, with full investment and support for numerous startups. Therefore, both academia and practice tried to analyze the trend of the fintech area. Despite the fact, however, previous research has limitations in terms of collecting relevant databases for fintech and identifying proper application areas. In response, this study proposed a new method for analyzing the trend of Fintech fields by expanding Fintech's terminology and using network analysis and topic modeling. A new Fintech terminology list was created and a total of 18,341 patents were collected from USPTO for 10 years. The co-classification analysis and network analysis was conducted to identify the technological trends of patent classification. In addition, topic modeling was conducted to identify the trends of fintech in order to analyze the contents of fintech. This study is expected to help both managers and investors who want to be involved in technology-driven financial services seize new FinTech technology opportunities.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.79-108
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• 2021

Information retrieval in the health field has several challenges. Health information terminology is difficult for consumers (laypeople) to understand. Formulating a query with professional terms is not easy for consumers because health-related terms are more familiar to health professionals. If health terms related to a query are automatically added, it would help consumers to find relevant information. The proposed query expansion (QE) models show how to expand a query using MeSH terms. The documents were represented by MeSH terms (i.e. Bag-of-MeSH), found in the full-text articles. And then the MeSH terms were used to generate LDA (Latent Dirichlet Analysis) topic models. A query and the top k retrieved documents were used to find MeSH terms as topic words related to the query. LDA topic words were filtered by threshold values of topic probability (TP) and word probability (WP). Threshold values were effective in an LDA model with a specific number of topics to increase IR performance in terms of infAP (inferred Average Precision) and infNDCG (inferred Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain), which are common IR metrics for large data collections with incomplete judgments. The top k words were chosen by the word score based on (TP *WP) and retrieved document ranking in an LDA model with specific thresholds. The QE model with specific thresholds for TP and WP showed improved mean infAP and infNDCG scores in an LDA model, comparing with the baseline result.