• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 1995

The clinical experience of 2,340 inguinal hernia repaired by one pediatric surgeon on 2,079 children at Hanyang University Hospital from September 1979 to December 1993 was analyzed. Of 2,046 patients who had primary hernia repairs at Hanyang University Hospital, 1,636 were male and 410 female, and 55.5% of hernias occurred on the right side, 36.0% on the left, and 8.6% were bilateral. The patients presented hernia under the age of 12 months were 45.3% and those performed herniotomy under the age of 12 months were 25.5%. Birth weight was less than 2.5kg in 111 patients(8.7%) of 1,279 data available patients. Ninety(6.6%) of 1,354 data available patients were premature(<37wks gestation). The proportions of bilateral inguinal hernia and the onset age under 12 months of life in low birth weight babies and premature babies were higher than in full-term babies. Incarcerated inguinal hernia occurred in 327 patients(16.0%) of whom 8 patients were strangulated hernias. The occurrence of incarceration inversely related with age of patients. The subsequent contralateral inguinal hernia following unilateral hernia repairs occurred in 80 patients(4.3%) among which 72 were male and 8 were female. The incidence of contralateral inguinal hernia was more frequent in boys(4.8%) than girls (2.2%) and in cases after left herniotomy(6.4%) than after right herniotomy(2.9%). Sixty percent of contralateral inguinal hernia developed within 1 year after primary hernia repair. The recurrence of inguinal hernia occurred in 6 patients(0.27%) treated at our hospital primarily. There were one or more associated congenital anomalies in 83 patients of which congenital heart diseases were the most common. Sliding hernia occurred in 25 patients consisted of 5 boys and 20 girls. Family history was noted in 35 patients and there were 28 sets of monozygotic and 3 sets of dizygotic twins.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Changes have occurred in the professional capabilities of the construction project managers after the global financial crisis. As representatives of construction companies and projects, construction project managers have full responsibility over a construction project. Throughout its life cycle, from design through construction to completion, the business capabilities of such managers are regarded as critical elements in the changes in the country's construction economy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the main capabilities of current construction project managers, and to analysis of its competitiveness using Important-Performance Analysis(IPA). The results of IPA were as follows; (1)capability to win new contracts and capability to collect information of new project are needed for external relation competitiveness, (2)gerentocratic management mind-set and active breakthrough are needed for internal project management competitiveness, and (3)capability to predict issues and self-improvement are needed for self discipline competitiveness. However, this work is still considered to provide the basic data that can help Korean construction companies who plan to educate the project manager's strengthen their medium and long-term capabilities.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.314-323
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• 2020

Objective: To identify the available evidence on the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with three-dimensional imaging and provide meta-analytic data from studies assessing the outcomes using computed tomography. Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched, and prospective case series were selected. Two authors screened all titles and abstracts and assessed full texts of the remaining articles. Seventeen case series were included in the quantitative synthesis. Seven outcomes were investigated: nasal cavity width, maxillary basal bone width, alveolar buccal crest width, alveolar palatal crest width, inter-molar crown width, inter-molar root apex width, and buccopalatal molar inclination. The outcomes were investigated at two-time points: post-expansion (2-6 weeks) and post-retention (4-8 months). Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were used to summarize and combine the data. Results: All the investigated outcomes showed significant differences post-expansion (maxillary basal bone width, +2.46 mm; nasal cavity width, +1.95 mm; alveolar buccal crest width, +3.90 mm; alveolar palatal crest width, +3.09 mm; intermolar crown width, +5.69 mm; inter-molar root apex width, +2.85 mm; and dental tipping, +3.75°) and post-retention (maxillary basal bone width, +2.21 mm; nasal cavity width, +1.55 mm; alveolar buccal crest width, +3.57 mm; alveolar palatal crest width, +3.32 mm; inter-molar crown width, +5.43 mm; inter-molar root apex width, +4.75 mm; and dental tipping, 2.22°) compared to pre-expansion. Conclusions: After RME, skeletal expansion of the nasomaxillary complex was greater in most caudal structures. Maxillary basal bone showed 10% post-retention relapse. During retention period, uprighting of maxillary molars occurred.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2018

This study is to find the convergence effect of a spouse's support on postpartum depression and self-efficacy in primipara. The subjects were 37 primipara who gave birth to normal full term babies and their spouses. Each spouse supported their mother and baby from the period of postpartum 1st to 6th week after finishing three sessions of postpartum mother and baby care using teaching material. The data was collected in the 1st and 6th week postpartum and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The prevalence of postpartum depression in the 1st and 6th week were 24.3% and 0% each. The spouses' support lowered mothers' postpartum depression and increased self-efficacy(p<.001). And, the factors affecting to mothers' postpartum depression were additional personnel for postpartum management, income and antepartum depression, and to their self-efficacy was hospital treatment during pregnancy(p<.05). The results could be used in developing intervention programs on lowering primiparas' postpartum depression and increasing their self-efficacy after further studies with wider range of subjects and setting control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.303-331
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• 2010

With the full execution of the Comprehensive Library Advancement Plan(2009~2013), related bodies and participants, including national administrative agencies and local government, are increasing and the policy environments are intricately being expanded as well. However, there has been insufficient research on the general aspects of library policies to analyze and evaluate the current circumstances. The objective of this study is to analyze both the problems and suggestions in the areas that need improvements implementing this comprehensive plan. Accordingly, we designed a formative model for evaluating the policy process relating to the comprehensive plan, and then modified and supplemented the developed plan based on the Delphi method utilized by library policy experts. We conducted an empirical evaluation of library policy officials who have established and implemented the comprehensive plan. We then used the evaluation results to assess the effects of the factors regarding the accomplishments reached each policy stage.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

In this study, a mixture fraction analysis was performed to investigate the characteristics of chemical species production in compartment fires burning hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, heptane, and toluene. A series of fire experiments was conducted in the ISO 9705 standard room, and gas species concentration and soot fraction were measured at two locations in the upper layer of the compartment. The mass fractions of measured chemical species, such as unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), oxygen ($O_2$), and soot were presented as a function of mixture fraction and compared with state relationships based on the idealized reaction of hydrocarbon fuels. The mixture fraction analysis made it possible to rearrange hundreds of species measurements, which were done under various fire conditions and at two locations of the upper layer, in term of the unified parameter, i.e. the mixture fraction. The results also showed that inclusion of soot in the mixture fraction calculation could improve the performance of analysis, especially for the sooty fuels such as heptane and toluene.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2017

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure using fiber Bragg grating sensor networks (FBGSNs) has received significant public attention in recent years. However, there is currently little research on the health-monitoring technology of high-piled wharfs in coastal ports using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor technique. The benefits of FBG sensors are their small size, light weight, lack of conductivity, resistance corrosion, multiplexing ability and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Based on the properties of high-piled wharfs in coastal ports and servicing seawater environment and the benefits of FBG sensors, the SHM system for a high-piled wharf in the Tianjin Port of China is devised and deployed partly using the FBG sensor technique. In addition, the health-monitoring parameters are proposed. The system can monitor the structural mechanical properties and durability, which provides a state-of-the-art mean to monitor the health conditions of the wharf and display the monitored data with the BIM technique. In total, 289 FBG stain sensors, 87 FBG temperature sensors, 20 FBG obliquity sensors, 16 FBG pressure sensors, 8 FBG acceleration sensors and 4 anode ladders are installed in the components of the back platform and front platform. After the installation of some components in the wharf construction site, the good signal that each sensor measures demonstrates the suitability of the sensor setup methods, and it is proper for the full-scale, continuous, autonomous SHM deployment for the high-piled wharf in the costal port. The South 27# Wharf SHM system constitutes the largest deployment of FBG sensors for wharf structures in costal ports to date. This deployment demonstrates the strong potential of FBGSNs to monitor the health of large-scale coastal wharf structures. This study can provide a reference to the long-term health-monitoring system deployment for high-piled wharf structures in coastal ports.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1659-1676
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• 2002

Ruminant animals develop a diverse and sophisticated microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs. Plant cell walls are complex and their structures are not fully understood, but it is generally believed that the chemical properties of some plant cell wall compounds and the cross-linked three-dimensional matrix of polysaccharides, lignin and phenolic compounds limit digestion of cell wall polysaccharides by ruminal microbes. Three adaptive strategies have been identified in the ruminal ecosystem for degrading plant cell walls: production of the full slate of enzymes required to cleave the numerous bonds within cell walls; attachment and colonization of feed particles; and synergetic interactions among ruminal species. Nonetheless, digestion of fibrous feeds remains incomplete, and numerous research attempts have been made to increase this extent of digestion. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) have been used successfully in monogastric animal production for some time. The possibility of adapting EFE as feed additives for ruminants is under intensive study. To date, animal responses to EFE supplements have varied greatly due to differences in enzyme source, application method, and types of diets and livestock. Currently available information suggests delivery of EFE by applying them to feed offers the best chance to increase ruminal digestion. The general tendency of EFE to increase rate, but not extent, of fibre digestion indicates that the products currently on the market for ruminants may not be introducing novel enzyme activities into the rumen. Recent research suggests that cleavage of esterified linkages (e.g., acetylesterase, ferulic acid esterase) within the plant cell wall matrix may be the key to increasing the extent of cell wall digestion in the rumen. Thus, a crucial ingredient in an effective enzyme additive for ruminants may be an as yet undetermined esterase that may not be included, quantified or listed in the majority of available enzyme preparations. Identifying these pivotal enzyme(s) and using biotechnology to enhance their production is necessary for long term improvements in feed digestion using EFE. Pretreating fibrous feeds with alkali in addition to EFE also shows promise for improving the efficacy of enzyme supplements.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.543-554
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find whether hemline cycles exist and whether hemlines show greater within-year variability over time. Utilizing US Vogue data from 1950 to 2013 on hemline length of women's daywear, total 2102 day-dresses or skirts on full fashion pictures were analyzed. The skirt length was divided by the total length of figure in the picture which was measured from shoulder to ankle. Aggregated yearly means smoothed by means of three-point moving averages were used to provide a better indication of the long-term direction of movement of the hemline. Within-year hemline variability was smoothed by the way of three-point moving average as well. The data showed five cycles on hemline change processes. The first cycle took 21 years from 1950 to 1971, which was the longest period and had the biggest hemline changes. The second cycle was the shortest from 1971 to 1977, in which hemline moved between below-knee length and midcalf. The hemline in the third cycle moved between midcalf and miniskirt. The third cycle took 16 years from 1977 to 1993. The forth was a short cycle from 1998 to 2001, and hemlines moved moderately between below-knee length and above-knee length. The fifth cycle has been on going since 2001, and the hemline has been getting longer after 2007. The within-year variability of hemlines was bigger in 1980s than previous years and was steadily increased.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.242-252
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• 1998

The inhabitation environments and growth conditions of Machilus thunbergii community in the Pyonsanbando located at southwestern area in Korea were examined and analyzed to provide some practical data to be used to establish measures for long term succession monitoring, protection and sustainable management. The Machilus thunbergii community are located at Kyokpo-ri, Pyonsan-myon, Puan-gun(35$^{\circ}$35′24"N~35$^{\circ}$ 42′30"N, 126$^{\circ}$28′18"E~126$^{\circ}$40′40"E). Within the Pyonsanbando area the mean temperature is 12.4$^{\circ}C$, the warmth index 101.5$^{\circ}C$.month, the coldness index -12.3$^{\circ}C$ month and the annual precipitation 1,016mm. The soil within the community is silt loam or clay loam and so fertile. 30 species and 1 varieties of 21 families inhabited at the community. There were 18 grown trees and 131 saplings of Machilus thunbergii within the community. The mean basal diameter, mean height, and crown width of grown trees was measured to be 57.4cm, 7.4m and 9.0~9.8m respectively. And 9 trees were full flowering, 2 trees small flowering here and there, and 7 trees non flowering in 1998. The mean branch growth length was 8.3cm, mean leaf area 18.3$\textrm{cm}^2$, mean inflorecence length 9.3cm, mean fertilization 14.5％ and mean seed diameter 7.6mm. Further rich management measure and investigation were recommended such as sapling protection, signboard construction, soil erosion controlling and regular monitoring within the community.