• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2003

ATSC (Advanced Television System Committee)에서는 18가지의 DTV (Digital Television)를 위한 동영상 포맷들을 제정하였다. ATSC 포맷들은 스캔 포맷, 크기 포맷, 프레임율 포맷 등의 적당한 조합들이다. 효과적인 MPEG-2 트랜스코딩을 위해서는 이런 포맷들 간의 변환도 지원할 수 있어야 한다. 여러 포맷 변환들 중에서 특히 스캔 포맷 변환은 프레임율과 크기 변화가 함께 일어나기 때문에 상대적으로 구현하기가 힘들다. 스캔포맷 변환으로 픽쳐 타입도 함께 변하기 때문에 트랜스코더의 움직임 추정부 (motion estimation; ME)에 상당한 연산량 부담을 주게 된다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 스캔포맷 변환을 지원하는 MPEG-2 동영상 트랜스코딩을 위한 고속 움직임 추정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저, 트랜스코더의 수신단은 입력 비트열로부터 재 부호화(re-encoding)에 적합한 후보 움직임 벡터들을 추출한다. 그런 다음. 가중치 중간값 선택기(weighted median selector)를 이용하여, 여러 후보 움직임 벡터들 중에서 최적의 움직임 벡터를 선택한다. 모의 실험 결과는 제안한 움직임 추정 알고리즘이 전역 탐색 기법(Full Search Algorithm: FSA)에 비해 현저하게 적은 연산량을 가지면서, FSA와 거의 동일한 PSNR 성능을 가짐을 증명한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 30 Hz 프레임 율의 MPEG-4 simple profile 비디오 비트스트림을 15 Hz 프레임 율을 갖는 H.264 baseline profile 비디오 비트스트림으로 변환하는 트랜스코딩을 제안한다. MPEG긱의 블록 모드(block mode)와 움직임 벡터(Motion Vector) 정보를 H.264에서 이용 가능하도록 블록 모드 변환을 수행하고, MPEG-4의 움직임 벡터 보간을 이용하여 H.264에서 움직임 예측(Motion Estimation) 없이 정수 화소 단위로 움직임 벡터를 찾는 3가지 움직임 벡터 보간 (Motion Vector Interpolation) 방법을 실험한다. 이와 같은 방법을 이용해서 움직임 예측 시 소요되는 계산량을 줄이고 낮은 대역폭에서 심각한 화질 열화가 없는 트랜스코더를 제안한다. 실험 결과 제안된 방법은 직렬 화소영역 트랜스코딩에 비해 신호 대 잡음비(PSNR: peak signal to noise ratio)는 실험 영상에 따라 높은 비트율에서는 0.2dB에서 낮은 비트율에서 0.9dB의 손실이 있으나 전체 수행 시간은 3.2배에서 4배 빨라진다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2016

This study is intended to research workers' health, diet and the demand of nutrition education service in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. We implemented the survey from September 2012 through August 2013, and analyzed the data from 589 workers' questionnaires out of 890. For the analysis of the compiled data, we utilized the SPSS version 18.0 statistical package program. The study showed that majority of the workers participated in the survey consisted of 447 male (75.9%) and 142 female (24.1%). BMI showed that these men were overweight ($24.5{\pm}2.72$) and women were normal weight ($22.2{\pm}2.70$). Participants often diagnosed with hypertension or hyperlipidemia. In terms of health status, 34.5% answered satisfactory, the most concerned illness was high blood pressure, and the bad eating habits were often associated with general overeating and excessive intake of salt. 65.5% of participants had a meal three times per day. 49.4% of male participants had a meal less than 15 minutes and 66.2% of female participants had a meal between 15 and 30 minutes. The average of workers who needed to nutrition education is 3.74+0.85. The most desired way of learning was through counseling (36.7%), with overweight and weight management identified as the most interested topics. A relatively high portion (80%) passed the nutrition knowledge assessment test. According to the survey the highest rate of full-time employment is 85.2% which showed in small work places (the number of people on meal plan was 100~300), however the lowest rate of full-time employment showed 70.0% in large workplaces (the number of people on meal plan was within 1,000).

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1996

적응 LMS 알고리즘은 그 구조적 간결성으로 인해 많은 방면엣 활용되어 오고 있다. 이 논문에서는 입력 신호를 임의의 대역폭을 가진 서브밴드로 분할하여 처리한다. 각 서브밴드엣 신호의 동적범위가 줄어들 수 있으며 각 대역에서 독립적으로 수행되는 적응 필터링은 이로 인해 기존의 LMS 필터링보다 빠른 수렴 속도를 얻을 수 있다. 각 대역에서의 적응 필터링은 DCT 변환을 잉용하여 입력 신호의 백색화후 수행되며 이에 따라 탭입력 공분산 행렬의 고유치 분포율이 작아져 빠른 수렴 속도를 얻게 된다. 최종적으로, 각 서브밴드에서 필터링된 출력신호는 전 대역에 걸쳐 주파수 성분을 가지도록 합성 과정을 거쳐야 한다. 이 과정에서 웨이브렛 필터 뱅크는 스펙트럼 상에 간섭이 없는 완벽한 신호 복원을 가능하게 한다. 전산 모의 실험에서 가산성 백색 잡음이 가해진 음성신호 입력의 경우 제안된 알고리즘은 신호대 잡음비가 높아질수록 기존의 정규화 LMS(normalized LMS)보다 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

This study was carried out in order to investigate the photosynthesis response and leaf characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by leaf mold (pine tree and chestnut tree) and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Light relative intensity was 100% (full sunlight), 60.3% (35% shading), 35.1% (50% shading), and 17.4% (75% shading) respectively. Light response curves of pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold were the highest in control (full sunlight) and these were getting lower in the higher shading level. Photosynthesis capacity and light saturation point were indicated higher in chestnut-leaf mold within the same shading level. As the shading level increased, maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. And apparent quantum yield was not indicated statistically significant difference from all treatment. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significant higher in 35% shading and control under chestnut-leaf mold in all treatment. As the shading level increased, LAR (leaf area ratio), SLA (specific leaf area) and SPAD value decreased in pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. japonicum is judged better growth and higher yield by maintaining 35% shading (relative light intensity 60%) under chestnut-leaf mold in forest farming.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1313-1318
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• 2007

Illicium anisatum was bred under four different light intensity. Those condition were full sunlight(PPFD $1600{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 30% treatment(PPFD $400{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 50% treatment(PPFD $250{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) and 70% treatment(PPFD $100{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), respectively. Chlorophyll a and b were increased according to decrease of light intensity. Thirty percent and 50% treatment had not significant different in chlorophyll a and b. Thirty percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity through invested photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic activity trend of 50% treatment was similar to 30% treatment. Seventy percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity at low light intensity but that was decreased to lower value than 30% and 50% treatment under high intensity. Control, bred full sunlight, was shown the worst photosynthetic activity at measured all light intensity. That result could imply that was caused by photo-inhibition because of long term exposed of shade tolerant plant at high light intensity. Leaf characteristics had not significant different in leaf length, width and area but leaf dry weight had similar trend to photosynthetic activity.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권6C호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2002

DAB 시스템이 요구하는 최대 출력 데이터율을 지원하는 Viterbi 디코더의 효율적인 구조를 제안하고 설계하였다. DAB 수신기에서 Viterbi 디코더는 매우 많은 연산량을 수행하는 부분이며, 이를 위하여 고속으로 동작하는 전용 하드웨어로 설계하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 논문에서는 시스템의 전력소모를 줄이기 위하여 puncturing을 사용하는 Viterbi 디코더에 SST 방식을 적용하였다. 설계면적을 감소시키기 위하여 puncturing vector table을 수정.재배치하여 hardwired logic으로 구현하였으며, 새로운 re-scaling 방식을 제안하여 패스 메트릭을 저장하는데 필요한 워드길이을 최적화시켰다. 제안된 re-scaling 방식은 패스 메트릭을 re-scaling하는데 필요한 연산량을 크게 감소시킨다. 또한 브랜치 메트릭을 계산하는데 필요한 연산량을 줄이기 위하여 미리 계산된 값을 사용하는 방식을 제안하였다. 설계된 Viterbi 디코더는 삼성 0.35$\mu$ 표준셀 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성하였으며, 작은 면적을 차지하고 전력 소모가 적음을 확인하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2003

Objective : We evaluated the therapeutic effect of Banwhasasimtang dry extract powder on gastrointestinal symptoms and its side effects in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Patients with functional dyspepsia, defined as discomfort in the epigastrium. A total 45 patients participated in this study. Dyspeptic symptoms ratio was obtained by patients, total point of symptom score/total 21 points x 100(%). On each of symptom after 4 weeks administration of Banwhasashim-tang was made by variation of symptom score: If symptoms score of posttreatment is lower than that of pretreatment, it is improved ; Otherwise aggravated, and if there is no change between them, unchangeable. When a full health condition of normal control is assumed 100%, relative health condition of dyspeptic patient could be calculated from 'full health condition-dyspeptic symptoms ratio'. Therefore a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement was presented with variation of a relative health condition to dyspepsia between pretreatment and post. Results : Banwhasashimtang significantly improved symptoms in patients. The significance was shown in both all seven items(p<0.01, respectively) and 19.2% (p<0.01) of increase of a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement. There is no remarkable side-effect in all laboratory test, excepting 1 case of abdominal pain and another one case of recurred pain of chronic prostatitis. Conclusion : Banwhasashimtang extract provides symptomatic relief in functional dyspepsia and is no remarkable side-effect drug.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to investigate propagation, shade tolerance, cold resistance and growth rate of evergreen ground cover plants ; Vinca minor K , Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f nanus hort , and Hedera helix.. The results were as follows : 1.It is convenient to use the growing case for rice seed to grow and transplant Vinca minor seed-ling. The most proper density of transplanting Vinea was 180 plants per 1m$^2$. At the end of growing season, the coverage came up to 90% The rooting ability of Hedera helix was best to cut from April to May (temperature 15~23˚C). The seedling length of Parthenocissus quinguefohlia were irregular and ranged from 5 cm of 200cm. 2. Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon j. and Vinca minor L. grew better under 50% light intensity than full sunlight. Particularly, under full sunlight and aestival high temperature, there were a few withering plants in Ajuga reptans L. , and V Vilica minor L. 3. Of Vinca minor K., Ajuga reptans L. , Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort. and Hedera helix. acclimatized in open field, where temperature was from -7~8˚C. There were few plants had damage in low temperature incubator to -16˚C after field acclimatization. 4.Tendrils of Parthenocissus quinguefolia strongly clung to the wire netting stone fence but intruded into the gap and cranny of the precast concrete fence and so clung to, so that it needed to install the bending net on the precast concrete fence.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the position for the most accurate head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by comparing saddle position CPR (SPCPR) and traditional CPR (TCPR). Methods: Sixty certified persons who completed a basic life support provider course between May 1 and June 21, 2019 were enrolled in the study. The participants were asked to perform 2 minutes of CPR, and the depth of chest compression, rate, position, full release, and hands off time were assessed. Accuracy was evaluated based on data collected from a smart phone application connected to the manikin via bluetooth and analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, analysis of variance and ${\chi}^2$. Results: The accuracy of chest compression was statistically significantly higher for SPCPR, 63.03%[${\pm}8.75$] for SPCPR and 55.50%[${\pm}10.17$] for TCPR [t=3.074, p=.003]. The depth of chest compression was statistically significantly greater for SPCPR, 4.51cm[${\pm}0.45$] for SPCPR and 4.16cm[${\pm}0.61$] for TCPR [t=2.503, p=.015]. The rate of chest compression was statistically significantly higher for TCPR, 105/min[${\pm}10.79$] for SPCPR and 111/min[${\pm}11.57$] for TCPR [t=-2.008, p=.049]. Accuracy of position of chest compression was statistically significantly higher for SPCPR, 96.10%[${\pm}13.73$] for SPCPR and 79.93%[${\pm}30.34$] for TCPR [t=2.659, p=.011]. Accuracy of full release was higher with SPCPR, with 86.30%[${\pm}30.53$] for SPCPR and 71.10%[${\pm}36.05$] for TCPR, but the difference was not statistically significant [t=1.762, p=.083]. Conclusion: Saddle position CPR was found to be more accurate than TCPR in the performance of manual head-up CPR.