• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.122-127
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• 1987

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of shading degrees (0:full sunlight, 25, 50 and 75%) on the crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic activity of grasses for obtaining the basic data on the development, management and utilization of pasture in the forest. For the test, different artificial shading houses were established and pasture species used in this study were orchardgrass, timothy, perennial ryegrass and ladino clover. The experiment was performed at Livestock Experiment Station, Suwon, in 1984-'85. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The highest CGR was obtained at 0% (full sunlight) and 25% of shading, followed by 50 and 75% of shading degrees, in that order. CGR of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were higher than those of timothy and ladino clover. 2. NAR was significantly decreased as the shading degrees increased. The highest NAR was observed at perennial ryegrass plot. 3. The photosynthetic activity during summer season was the highest at 25% of shading, followed by 50, 0 and 75% of shading degrees. While, the photosynthetic activity during fall season was the highest at 25% of shading, followed by 50, 0 and 75% of shading degrees, in that order. Those of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were remarkably higher than that of timothy. 4. A significant positive correlation was obtained in the relationship between CGR and NAR of main grasses, regardless of pasture species and investigated date.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 4개의 송신 안테나를 사용하는 새로운 폐루프 직교 시공간 블록 부호 (Closed Loop Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code) 기법을 제안하고 기존의 폐루프 기법들과 비트오율 (Bit Error Rate; BER) 성능을 비교한다. 제안된 기법은 송신기에서 폐루프 기법을 통하여 채널 정보를 귀환받고 심벌 결합기를 통해 변조 심벌들을 결합한 후 시공간 블록 부호화하여 송신 안테나로 전송한다. 그 결과, 제안된 기법은 기존의 폐루프 시공간 블록 부호 기법에 비해 귀환된 채널 정보를 보다 효율적으로 이용함으로써 최대의 채널 이득을 획득하는 동시에 full-rate을 만족한다. 또한 채널 행렬이 직교하므로 수신 심벌에 대한 선형적인 복호가 가능하며 수신기는 낮은 복호 복잡도를 갖게 된다. 모의실험 결과, 제안된 기법은 기존의 폐루프 기법들과 비교하여 성능 향상을 보임을 알 수 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제9B권5호
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• pp.587-598
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• 2002

멀티캐스트 환경에서 그룹키 관리는 그룹 통신에서 기밀성과 같은 정보보호서비스를 제공하기 위하여 그룹 내 모든 구성원들이 한 개의 동일한 비밀키를 공유한 후 이를 기반으로 그룹 내 메시지의 암복호화를 수행함으로서 그룹 통신 내용을 보호하는 기술이다. 지금까지의 그룹키 관리 연구에서는 완전 정규 트리를 기반으로 사용자들이 그룹에 가입 및 탈퇴하는 비율을 고려하지 않은 상태에서 그룹키 관리 메커니즘이 개발되어 왔지만 본 연구에서는 사용자들이 그룹에 가입 및 탈퇴하는 비율을 고려한 상태에서 관리 메커니즘의 효율성을 높이는 메커니즘을 개발하였으며 또한 완전 정규 트리 보다 더욱 유연한 구조를 갖는 가변트리라는 새로운 트리구조를 정의 및 분석하여 제안된 가변트리 모델이 완전 정규트리 모델보다 그룹키 관리에서 더욱 효율적인 키트리 모델임을 제시하였다. 특히 그룹 통신에서 탈퇴비율이 50%를 넘는 경우 트리의 차수들이 2 또는 3인 경우에 최적화가 이루어짐을 증명하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2022

Porous basalt aggregate is commonly used in roadbed engineering, but its application in concrete has rarely been studied. This paper studies the application of porous basalt in concrete. Porous basalt aggregate is assessed for its effects on mechanical strength and durability of prepared C50 concrete; because it has a hole structure, porous basalt aggregate is known for its porosity, and porous basalt aggregates can be made full of water through changing the content of saturated basalt; after full-water condition is achieved in porous basalt aggregate mixture of C50 concrete, we discuss its mechanical properties and durability. The effects of C50 concrete prepared with basalt aggregate on the compressive strength, water absorption, and electric flux of concrete specimens of different ages were studied through experiments, and the effects of different replacement rates of saturated porous basalt aggregate on the properties of concrete were also studied. The results show that porous basalt aggregate can be prepared as C50 concrete. For early saturated porous basalt aggregate concrete, its compressive strength decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of saturated aggregate; this occurs up to concrete curing at 28 d, when the replacement rate of saturated basalt aggregate is greater than or equal to 40 %. The compressive strength of concrete increases with the increase of the replacement rate of saturated aggregate. The 28 d electric flux decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of saturated aggregate, indicating that saturated porous basalt aggregate can improve the chloride ion permeability resistance of concrete in later stages.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.603-610
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• 1998

This paper develops a 7 DOF vehicle model to study the effects of the active suspension on ride. The model is used to derive a control law for the active suspension using a full state linear optimal control technique. A wheelbase preview type active suspension is also considered in the control law derivation. The time delay between wheelbases is approximated using Pade approximation technique. The ride model is extended to a 14 DOF handling model. The 14 DOF handling model includes lateral, longitudinal, yaw and four wheel spin motions in addition to the 7 DOF ride model. A control law which is derived considering only ride related parameters is used to study the effects of the active suspension on a vehicle handling. J-turn maneuver simulation results show that the active suspension has a slower response in lateral acceleration and yaw rate, a bigger steady state lateral acceleration and an oversteer tendency. Lane changing maneuver simulation results show that the active suspension has a little bigger lateral acceleration but a much smaller roll angle and roll motion. Braking maneuver simulation results show that the active suspension has a much smaller pitch angle and pitch motion.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제26회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.367-370
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• 2006

This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of the internal flowfield in a valveless airbreathing pulse detonation engine (PDE) currently under experimental development at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. The system involves no valves in the airflow path, and the isolation between the inlet and combustor is achieved through the gasdynamics in an isolator. The analysis accommodates the full conservation equations in axisymmetric coordinates, and takes into account variable properties for ethylene/oxygen/air system. Chemical reaction schemes with a single progress variable are implemented to minimize the computational burden. Detailed flow evolution during a full cycle is explored and propulsive performance is calculated. Effect of initiator mass injection rate is examined and results indicate that the mass injection rate should be carefully selected to avoid the formation of recirculation zones in the initial cold flowfield. Flow evolution results demonstrate a successful detonation transmission from the initiator to the combustor. However, strong pressure disturbance may propagate upstream to the inlet nozzle, suggesting the current configuration could be further refined to provide more efficient isolation between the inlet and combustor.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the industry foodservice management practices and to suggest guidelines for the effective foodservice management. The survey for the analysis was conducted through the questionnaires to dietitians. They were divided into two groups : the site color worker and the blue color worker. The questionnaires were received for a response rate of 73.2%. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS programs for descriptive analysis, $x^2$ test, T-test, F-test, and Fisher's LSD. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1) The level of education of dietitians and food cost in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker was lower than the employee feeding operations for the white color worker. 2) The labor productivity indices were not significantly different according to types of workers. But in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker, full-time foodservice employees worked more than 10.7 hour per week than their counterpart. This indicates the full-time foodservice employees in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker performed more loaded work compared to the employee feeding operations for the white color worker. 3) Equipped rate of facilities in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker was low especially in the food preparation and cooking processes.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.856-859
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• 2002

This paper proposes a high-performance VLSl architecture using distributed arithmetic for higher-order FIR filters with complex coefficients. For the purpose of realizing high sampling rate with small latency in high-order filters, we apply distributed arithmetic[1］. Moreover, in order to decrease drastically the power dissipation, the structure applying not ROM's but optimum function circuits which we have previously proposed, is utilized［2]［3］. However, this structure increases in the number of adders as compared to the conventional structure applying ROM's. In order to realize a more effective method for further higher-order filter, we propose newly an implementation applying two methods which have large effects on the unit using the adders. First , we propose an implementation applying SFAs(Serial Full Adders) and SFSs(Serial Full Subtractors). Second, we propose a structure applying proposed 4-2 adders. Finally, it is shown that the proposed architecture is an effective way to realize low power dissipation and small latency while the sampling rate is kept constant for further higher-order filters with complex coefficients.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

본 논문은 다중 참조영상(multiple reference image)에 적용 가능한 새로운 고속 전역탐색 움직임 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 기존의 비트율을 고려한 연속제거알고리즘(rate constrained successive elimination algorithm: RSEA)을 다중 참조영상에 확대 적용하는 방법이다. 첫 번째 참조영상에 대한 움직임 추정의 계산량에 비해 그 이후 참조영상에 대한 움직임 추정의 계산량이 적어질 수 있음을 보일 것이다. 계산량 감축을 위해, 본 논문에서 최적 움직임 벡터의 후보 블록의 개수를 감소시킬 수 있는 새로운 조건을 소개한다. 실험 결과을 통해 제안된 방법이 기존의 RSEA과 동일한 움직임 추정오차를 가지면서도 계산량을 감소시킴을 보일 것이다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 NNVQ (nearest neighbor vector quantization)를 위한 고속탐색 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리듬은 입력 벡터 내 지정된 요소의 부호화 왜곡을 임계값과 비교해서 최적 코드워드가 될 가능성이 없는 코드워드를 탐색 대상 코드워드에서 제외함으로써 코드북 탐색의 범위를 줄인다. 이를 통해 기존의 풀서치(full-search) 알고리듬과 동일한 SD(spectral distortion) 성능을 얻으면서 부호화 과정에서의 처리시간과 복잡도를 감소시킨다. 제안된 알고리듬을 Gauss-Markov 소스에 대해 설계된 일반적인 벡터 양자화기와 3GPP에서 표준화된 AMR (adaptive multi-rate) 음성 코덱의 LSP 양자화기에 각각 적용하여 실험하였다. 실험결과 제안된 알고리듬은 SD 성능감쇄 없이 탐색 대상 범위를 감소시킴으로써 부호화시 복잡도를 50%이상 줄일 수 있었다.