• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.288-296
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• 2003

ATSC (Advanced Television System Committee) has specified 18 video formats for DTV (Digital Television), e.g., scan format, size format, and frame rate format conversion. Effective MPEG-2 video transcoders should support any conversion between the above-mentioned formats. Scan format conversion Is hard to Implement because it may often induce frame rate and size format conversion together. Especially. because of picture type conversion caused by scan format conversion, the computational burden of motion estimation (ME) in transcoding becomes serious. This paper proposes a fast ME algorithm for MPEG-2 video transcoding supporting scan format conversion. Firstly, we extract and compose a set of candidate motion vectors (MVs) from the input bit-stream to comply with the re-encoding format. Secondly, the best MV is chosen among several candidate MVs by using a weighted median selector. Simulation results show that the proposed ME algorithm provides outstanding PSNR performance close to full search ME, while reducing the transcoding complexity significantly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.275-282
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• 2004

In this paper, a transcoding method that transforms MPEG-4 video bitstream coded in 30 Hz frame rate into H.264 video bitstream of 15 Hz frame rate is proposed. The block modes and motion vectors in MPEG-4 is utilized in H.264 for block mode conversion and motion vector (MV) interpolation methods. The proposed three types of MV interpolation method can be used without performing full motion estimation in H.264. The proposed transcoder reduces computation amount for full motion estimation in H.264 and provides good quality of H.264 video at low bitrates. In experimental results, the proposed methods achieves 3.2-4 times improvement in computational complexity compared to the cascaded pixel-domain transcoding, while the PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) is degraded with 0.2-0.9dB depending on video sizes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2016

This study is intended to research workers' health, diet and the demand of nutrition education service in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. We implemented the survey from September 2012 through August 2013, and analyzed the data from 589 workers' questionnaires out of 890. For the analysis of the compiled data, we utilized the SPSS version 18.0 statistical package program. The study showed that majority of the workers participated in the survey consisted of 447 male (75.9%) and 142 female (24.1%). BMI showed that these men were overweight ($24.5{\pm}2.72$) and women were normal weight ($22.2{\pm}2.70$). Participants often diagnosed with hypertension or hyperlipidemia. In terms of health status, 34.5% answered satisfactory, the most concerned illness was high blood pressure, and the bad eating habits were often associated with general overeating and excessive intake of salt. 65.5% of participants had a meal three times per day. 49.4% of male participants had a meal less than 15 minutes and 66.2% of female participants had a meal between 15 and 30 minutes. The average of workers who needed to nutrition education is 3.74+0.85. The most desired way of learning was through counseling (36.7%), with overweight and weight management identified as the most interested topics. A relatively high portion (80%) passed the nutrition knowledge assessment test. According to the survey the highest rate of full-time employment is 85.2% which showed in small work places (the number of people on meal plan was 100~300), however the lowest rate of full-time employment showed 70.0% in large workplaces (the number of people on meal plan was within 1,000).

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1996

Adaptive LMS algorithm has been used in many application areas due to its low complexity. In this paper input signal is transformed into the subbands with arbitrary bandwidth. In each subbands the dynamic range can be reduced, so that the independent filtering in each subbands has faster convergence rate than the full band system. The DCT transform domain LMS adaptive filtering has the whitening effect of input signal at each bands. This leads the convergence rate to very high speed owing to the decrease of eigen value spread Finally, the filtered signals in each subbands are synthesized for the output signal to have full frequency components. In this procedure wavelet filter bank guarantees the perfect reconstruction of signal without any interspectra interference. In simulation for the case of speech signal added additive white gaussian noise, the suggested algorithm shows better performance than that of conventional NLMS algorithm at high SNR.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

This study was carried out in order to investigate the photosynthesis response and leaf characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by leaf mold (pine tree and chestnut tree) and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Light relative intensity was 100% (full sunlight), 60.3% (35% shading), 35.1% (50% shading), and 17.4% (75% shading) respectively. Light response curves of pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold were the highest in control (full sunlight) and these were getting lower in the higher shading level. Photosynthesis capacity and light saturation point were indicated higher in chestnut-leaf mold within the same shading level. As the shading level increased, maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. And apparent quantum yield was not indicated statistically significant difference from all treatment. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significant higher in 35% shading and control under chestnut-leaf mold in all treatment. As the shading level increased, LAR (leaf area ratio), SLA (specific leaf area) and SPAD value decreased in pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. japonicum is judged better growth and higher yield by maintaining 35% shading (relative light intensity 60%) under chestnut-leaf mold in forest farming.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1313-1318
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• 2007

Illicium anisatum was bred under four different light intensity. Those condition were full sunlight(PPFD $1600{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 30% treatment(PPFD $400{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 50% treatment(PPFD $250{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) and 70% treatment(PPFD $100{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), respectively. Chlorophyll a and b were increased according to decrease of light intensity. Thirty percent and 50% treatment had not significant different in chlorophyll a and b. Thirty percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity through invested photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic activity trend of 50% treatment was similar to 30% treatment. Seventy percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity at low light intensity but that was decreased to lower value than 30% and 50% treatment under high intensity. Control, bred full sunlight, was shown the worst photosynthetic activity at measured all light intensity. That result could imply that was caused by photo-inhibition because of long term exposed of shade tolerant plant at high light intensity. Leaf characteristics had not significant different in leaf length, width and area but leaf dry weight had similar trend to photosynthetic activity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.6C
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• pp.601-609
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• 2002

The efficient Viterbi decoder that supports full data-rate output of DAB system was proposed. Viterbi decoder consumes lots of computational load and should be designed to be fast specific hardware. In this paper, SST scheme was adopted for Viterbi decoder with puncturing to reduced the power consumption. Puncturing vector tables are modified and re-arranged to be designed by a hardwired logic to save the system area. New re-scaling scheme which uses the fact that the difference of the maximum and minimum of the path metric values is bounded is proposed. The proposed re-scaling scheme optimizes the wordlength of path metric memory and greatly reduces the computational load for re-scaling by controlling MSB of path metric memory. Another saving of computation is done by proposed algorithm for branch metric calculation, which makes use of pre-calculated metric values. The designed Viterbi decoder was synthesized using SAMSUNG 0.35$\mu$ standard cell library and occupied small area and showed lower power consumption.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.329-336
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• 2003

Objective : We evaluated the therapeutic effect of Banwhasasimtang dry extract powder on gastrointestinal symptoms and its side effects in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Patients with functional dyspepsia, defined as discomfort in the epigastrium. A total 45 patients participated in this study. Dyspeptic symptoms ratio was obtained by patients, total point of symptom score/total 21 points x 100(%). On each of symptom after 4 weeks administration of Banwhasashim-tang was made by variation of symptom score: If symptoms score of posttreatment is lower than that of pretreatment, it is improved ; Otherwise aggravated, and if there is no change between them, unchangeable. When a full health condition of normal control is assumed 100%, relative health condition of dyspeptic patient could be calculated from 'full health condition-dyspeptic symptoms ratio'. Therefore a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement was presented with variation of a relative health condition to dyspepsia between pretreatment and post. Results : Banwhasashimtang significantly improved symptoms in patients. The significance was shown in both all seven items(p<0.01, respectively) and 19.2% (p<0.01) of increase of a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement. There is no remarkable side-effect in all laboratory test, excepting 1 case of abdominal pain and another one case of recurred pain of chronic prostatitis. Conclusion : Banwhasashimtang extract provides symptomatic relief in functional dyspepsia and is no remarkable side-effect drug.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to investigate propagation, shade tolerance, cold resistance and growth rate of evergreen ground cover plants ; Vinca minor K , Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f nanus hort , and Hedera helix.. The results were as follows : 1.It is convenient to use the growing case for rice seed to grow and transplant Vinca minor seed-ling. The most proper density of transplanting Vinea was 180 plants per 1m$^2$. At the end of growing season, the coverage came up to 90% The rooting ability of Hedera helix was best to cut from April to May (temperature 15~23˚C). The seedling length of Parthenocissus quinguefohlia were irregular and ranged from 5 cm of 200cm. 2. Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon j. and Vinca minor L. grew better under 50% light intensity than full sunlight. Particularly, under full sunlight and aestival high temperature, there were a few withering plants in Ajuga reptans L. , and V Vilica minor L. 3. Of Vinca minor K., Ajuga reptans L. , Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort. and Hedera helix. acclimatized in open field, where temperature was from -7~8˚C. There were few plants had damage in low temperature incubator to -16˚C after field acclimatization. 4.Tendrils of Parthenocissus quinguefolia strongly clung to the wire netting stone fence but intruded into the gap and cranny of the precast concrete fence and so clung to, so that it needed to install the bending net on the precast concrete fence.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the position for the most accurate head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by comparing saddle position CPR (SPCPR) and traditional CPR (TCPR). Methods: Sixty certified persons who completed a basic life support provider course between May 1 and June 21, 2019 were enrolled in the study. The participants were asked to perform 2 minutes of CPR, and the depth of chest compression, rate, position, full release, and hands off time were assessed. Accuracy was evaluated based on data collected from a smart phone application connected to the manikin via bluetooth and analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, analysis of variance and ${\chi}^2$. Results: The accuracy of chest compression was statistically significantly higher for SPCPR, 63.03%[${\pm}8.75$] for SPCPR and 55.50%[${\pm}10.17$] for TCPR [t=3.074, p=.003]. The depth of chest compression was statistically significantly greater for SPCPR, 4.51cm[${\pm}0.45$] for SPCPR and 4.16cm[${\pm}0.61$] for TCPR [t=2.503, p=.015]. The rate of chest compression was statistically significantly higher for TCPR, 105/min[${\pm}10.79$] for SPCPR and 111/min[${\pm}11.57$] for TCPR [t=-2.008, p=.049]. Accuracy of position of chest compression was statistically significantly higher for SPCPR, 96.10%[${\pm}13.73$] for SPCPR and 79.93%[${\pm}30.34$] for TCPR [t=2.659, p=.011]. Accuracy of full release was higher with SPCPR, with 86.30%[${\pm}30.53$] for SPCPR and 71.10%[${\pm}36.05$] for TCPR, but the difference was not statistically significant [t=1.762, p=.083]. Conclusion: Saddle position CPR was found to be more accurate than TCPR in the performance of manual head-up CPR.