• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.95-97
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• 2015

Automatic Collision Prevention Training and RADAR Simulation Training, designated educations by the STCW Convention, are essential for officers to complete in order to board a ship. Recently, designated education institution standard based curriculum and requirements of the necessary facilities have been placed as a regulatory advisory requiring each institutions to match this and introduce equipment for simulation education, the FMSS(Full Mission Simulator System). Since the introduction of this research until today, a survey has been executed in order to find out the effect of utilizing the FMSS in ARPA/RADRA/Simulation Training for a period of 1 year. The result showed that 2.13times have been more effective. In addition, based on the results, identifying problems that occur during the education period and providing solutions to these problems have been proposed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.460-468
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• 2020

Research related to the technology developed for the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) is currently underway. Although one of those core technologies is collision-avoidance technology for ship operators at sea, no research has been done to objectively quantify its effectiveness. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an evaluation model to examine the collision-avoidance ability of MASS. Ship-control experts performed a ship-handling simulation for each ship encounter type using the Full Mission Ship-handling Simulator (FMSS). We used the resulting data and technical statistics, to develop an evaluation model that utilized FMSS to quantify the operational capability of the collision-avoidance technology. This evaluation model also can be used at sea to assess deck officers' ability to use the technology and to improve and develop other MASS technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2000

The paper describes creation methods of background scenes to implement realistic virtual environments in the VRSS (Virtual Reality Ship Simulator). VRSS is next-generation system constructed with virtual tools in a virtual space. Thus, it could have many benefits compared to conventional ship simulators composed with heavy bridge mock-up system and wide visual presentations. In this work, we developed effective 3D object modeling techniques, and constructed virtual harbor scene by using 3D-Webmaster authoring tool. The virtual harbor was built with object-oriented 3D objects modeled to interact with user's action. With the immersion-type VR system, we created virtual harbor environments in a virtual space, and discussed on the naturalness of the scene with test results of SDMPA (Semantic Differential Method for Psychophysical Assessment) by 10 subjects. As the results of subject assessment, all of the participants could felt natural-like harbor. Therefore, we found that the proposed creation methods and procedures of background scene are enabling to fit to the full mission VRSS construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.251-253
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• 2014

본 연구는 시뮬레이터에서의 mental workload 측정 및 평가를 위한 기초연구로서 실선과 시뮬레이터에서의 항해사 생체신호 변화를 비교하고자 한다.ECG, PVT, NASA-TLX를 이용하여 정신적 작업부하를 평가하였다. 운항구간은 부산항 입항과 출항으로 하였다. ECG와 NASA-TLX 분석 결과, 실선과 시뮬레이터 간에 유사한 경향을 보였다. 추후 동일한 상황에 대한 누적된 데이터 및 다양한 피실험자를 대상으로 실험을 수행하여야 할 것이다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시뮬레이터를 활용한 다양한 환경에서의 workload 실험이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 1996

Most of the ShipHandling Simulators of full-mission-bridge system need vast area to install and even PC-based maneuvering simulators are often equipped with Steering Wheel or Engine Telegraphe etc. of data input interface, which necessarily makes the user face with excessive financial burden. These have been one of the obstacles for the officers, captains, pilots and students in access to maneuvering simulation whenever they want to try it in advance prior to actual ship maneuvering. Subsequently, all the officers and captains come to have little chances to train themselves until they arualified as a pilot after a long period of time of realship maneuvering practice on board, which means they have to control they have to control their own ship at sea without clear understanding on her maneuverability when they are forced to do it on the way. And these lack of capability for maneuvering have used so often to result in marine casualties of collision with other ships or pier facilities while maneuvering in harbor. To prevent those accidents by means of enhancing their maneuvering ability, PC-based DeskTop Simulator that allows anyong to access readily at anytime is needed and in conformation to such demand this simulator has been developed. The Software this simulator written in Turbo Pascal Ver. 5.0 has adopted MMG mathmatical model theoretically in part and also it was designed to make it possible that all numeric data inputs and outputs with graphic presentation for maneuvering operation be carried out just only with keyboard and monitor console. With the Simulation software, all the officers, captains, pilots and even students who has a proper computer at hand are expected to be able to make an attempt to simulate the maneuvering of their ownship or any other types of them at any port in which they want to do it.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2007

We've investigated the characteristics on mariner's behavior in the collision situation through a full-mission ship handling simulator and considered that it's necessary to model the standard avoiding behavior of mariners in order to apply the obtained results more widely and effectively. Thus we described the contents of standard avoiding behavior taken by mariners in the collision situation and established the concept of the standard model based on human factors for collision avoidance in a previous study. As a following study, this paper is to propose the method of modeling on mariners' standard behavior for collision avoidance by analyzing the contents of mariner's information processing and the related factors using regression analysis. As a result, we confirmed the influence of relating factors to avoiding behavior in mariner's deciding decisions and proposed the modeling method of mariners' standard behavior for collision avoidance with a example of recognition model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.2 no.S1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1996

The assesment of the safety of ship's transit in a curved narrow channl consists of the maneuvering safety determined by the chance of running aground, the maneuvering difficulty determined by shop's workload, and shiphandler's subjective evaluation. In this study to examine the correlation between shiphandler's subjectice evaluation and the maneuvering risk, the real-time and full-mission shiphandling simulator in the Korean Marine Training & Research Institutes(KMTRI) was utilized. In the conning bridge of the shiphandling simulator, 50 experienced masters conducted masters conducted the modeled vessel of 60,000 deadweight tonnage along the designed channel under 3 different envrinmental conditions. The findings were as follows: (1) The frequencies of stress levels, work difficulties, vessel controllability and overall workload of shiphandlers are similar irrespective of environmental conditions and they are able to be represented as shiphandler's subjective evaluation. (2) It is possible to assess and analyze theoretically the correlation between the shiphandler's subjective ecaluation and maneuvering risk each environmental cindition by quantifying the data obtioned from the tests. The results are as follows: ① As the degree of maneuvering risk increases, the shiphandler's subjective evaluation increases sharply near the curvature area of the desgined channel. ② In the area of the curvature of the designed channel, maneuvering risk increases sharply with the danger of running aground under the environmental condition of current and wind comung from the stem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

In order to effective transportation of goods & smooth traffic in west sea area, it is a plan to build Pyeongtaek bridge. Basically ship-handling operators have a mental difficulty and hazardous for navigation under bridge which is constructed across on the fairway. Therefore this study aims to propose the traffic safety assessment of navigation under the bridge by using full mission ship-handling simulator and also investigate the bridge design regulations of certain countries on the fairway.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

The assesment of the safety of ship's transit in a curved narrow channel consists of the maneuvering safety determined by the chance of running aground, the maneuvering difficulty determined by ship's workload, and shiphandler's subjective evaluation. In this study, to examine the correlation between shiphandler's subjective evaluation and the maneuvering safety, the real-time and full-mission shiphandling simulator in the Korea Marine Training & Research Institute(KMTRI) was utilized. On the conning bridge of the shiphandling simulator, 50 experienced masters have conducted the modeled vessel of 60, 000 deadweight tonnage along the designed channel under 3 different environmental conditions. It was possible to assess and analyze theoretically the correlation between the shiphandler's subjective evaluation and maneuvering difficulty under each environmental condition by quantifying the data obtained from the tests. The results are as follows: $\circled1$ As the degree of maneuvering difficulty increases, the shiphandler's subjective evaluation increases in the designed channel under the designed environmental condition. $\circled2$ In the straight area, not the bend of the designed channel, maneuvering difficulty increases sharply under the environmental condition of current and wind coming from the stern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1996

The assesment of the safety of ship's transit in a curved narrow channel consists of the maneuvering safety determined by the chance of running aground, the maneuvering difficulty determined by ship's workload, and shiphandler's subjective evaluation. In this study to examine the correlation between shiphandler's subjective evaluation and the maneuvering risk, the real-time and full-mission shiphandling simulator in the Korea Marine Training & Research Institutes(KMTRI) was utilized. On the conning bridge of the shiphandling simulator, 50 experienced masters conducted the modeled vessel of 60,000 deadweight tonnage along the designed channel under 3 different environmental conditions. The findings were as follows : (1) The frequencies of stress levels, work difficulties, vessel controllability and overall workload of shiphandlers are similar irrespective of environmental conditions and they are able to be represented as shiphandler's subjective evaluation. (2) It s possible to assess and analyze theoretically the correlation between the shiphandler's subjective evaluation and maneuvering risk under each environmental condition by quantifying the data obtained from the test. The results are as follows : ① As the degree of maneuvering risk increases, the shiphandler's subjective evaluation increases sharply near the curvature area of the designed channel. ② In the area of the curvature of the designed channel, maneuvering risk sincreases sharply with the danger of running aground under the environmental condition of current and wind coming from the stern.