• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2017

The environmental lighting of a city advances its landscape standards and the city's touristic value because the lighting can help improve the city's safety and security as well as its esthetic value. The types of parks in cities vary in size and function and should be reflected carefully in lighting planning to gain the best effect. The importance of city lighting has been increased in recent years due to the expanded span of urban night life. Lighting systems around rivers and coastal waterfronts in cities play an important role not only in their functional aspects, such as safety and security, but also in boosting the city's identities. This paper performed comparison analysis among Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade in Hong Kong, Fukuoka Nakagawa Park in Japan, and the walking path in Hamdeok Beach in Jeju City, Korea. According to the evaluation, Hong Kong is excellent in 8 evaluation criteria for park lighting so that the city shows its superior installation and management. Fukuoka is also good by being analyzed as 'fair' in 5 criteria. Finally, Jeju is judged as inferior overall by showing 'poor' in several criteria. The paper shows how they differ in their environment lighting characteristics and aims to suggest stable lighting planning strategies for seaside parks in Jeju so the citizens and visitors of Jeju can enjoy the beautiful sceneries and nighttime activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.91-100
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• 2010

To investigate the thermal properties of a water-retentive artificial turf system (W-ATS), we estimated hydrologic parameters including thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and surface albedo for both the W-ATS and natural grass. We used a model experiment to measure surface temperature and evaporation for both the W-ATS and natural grass. We found that the W-ATS had lower thermal conductivity than natural grass did, and it was difficult for the W-ATS to convey radiant heat to the ground. Compared to natural grass, the W-ATS also had lower heat capacity, which contributed to its larger variation in surface temperature: the W-ATS had higher surface temperatures during daytime and lower surface temperatures during nighttime. The albedo of the W-ATS was one-quarter that of natural grass, and reflected shortwave radiation from the W-ATS surface was lower than that from the surface of natural grass. These results indicate that the W-ATS caused the soil temperature to increase. Furthermore, evaporation from the W-ATS was one-quarter the value of evapotranspiration from natural grass.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.2019-2026
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• 2015

Much interest has been drawn to possible associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in conjunction with potentially protective effects of calcium and vitamin D. In a study of 685 cases of colorectal cancer and 778 community controls in Japan, we examined the associations of the FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk and effect modification by dietary calcium and vitamin D. Genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. The ApaI polymorphism seemed to be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, particularly of rectal cancer. The adjusted odds ratio of colorectal cancer for the ApaI AA and Aa genotypes combined versus the aa genotype was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-1.02), and the corresponding value for rectal cancer was 0.75 (95%CI 0.56-0.99). A decreased risk of colorectal cancer for the ApaI AA and Aa genotypes combined was more evident in individuals with high calcium intake (interaction p=0.055). The FokI polymorphism seemed to be associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer among those with high vitamin D intake (interaction p=0.09). The BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms were unrelated to colorectal cancer risk, and the null associations were not modified by calcium or vitamin D intake. In conclusion, the ApaI polymorphism may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese, dependent on dietary calcium intake.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

Choryang Waekwan was the biggest Japanese settlment to house the Japanese diplomatic mission and traders in Korea. Waekwan means Japanese Pavilion literally, but the reality of this Waekwan exceeded much the scale of single architecture. Since Choryang Waekwan was closed in the second half of the nineteenth century, the site of this settlement grew rapidly as the downtown of Busan, which was the first port open to foreign countries in modern Korea. The formation of modern port owes much to the presence of Japanese settlment in Lee Dynasty as long as Choryang was officially designated as the trading port toward Japan and vice versa. Busan is the nearest city to Japan, in fact. Within a day ships could reach Tsushima Island, the island region north of Fukuoka, which played an intermediary role between Seoul and Edo. No architectural remain could be seen on the actual site of Choryang Waekwan. The site has become one of the busiest centers in Busan with quantify of office buildings and shops. The former Busan City Hall was located in this area. The field survey of the site as well as the analysis of historical documents, which were newly found both in Korea and in Japan, enabled to reconstruct the architecture and cityscape of Waekwan by way of computer graphics.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2011

This paper presents an improved orientation strategy for energy-efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) panels. Conventionally, PV panels are tilted with the site's latitude angle or the difference between the latitude angle and the solar declination angle. A monthly-based orientation strategy has been proposed and analyzed in this study. The proposed strategy implies that the PV panels are tilted with the monthly-based angle that achieves the maximum incident radiation. Furthermore, the impact of using the proposed orientation strategy and three conventional strategies on the produced power and on the PV system design features has been investigated in detail. A Japanese city (Fukuoka) and an Egyptian city (Al-Kharijah) have been considered as locations for the PV power system installation. The results showed that the proposed strategy achieved an increase in the power produced from the PV power systems at the two different sites, and consequently the required solar cells area can be saved. Therefore, the cost of the PV power system components can be reduced including the solar cells area and the land area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.539-547
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• 2018

Objectives: Ozone ($O_3$) advisories are issued by provincial/prefectural and city governments in Korea and Japan when oxidant concentrations exceed the criteria of the related country. Advisories issued only after exposure to high $O_3$ concentrations cannot be considered ideal measures. Forecasts of $O_3$ would be more beneficial to citizens' health and daily life than real-time advisories. The present study was undertaken to present a simplified forecasting model that can predict surface $O_3$ concentrations for the afternoon of the day of the forecast. Methods: For the construction of a simple and practical model, a multivariate regression model was applied. The monitored data on gases and climate variables from Japan's air quality networks that were recorded over nearly one year starting from April 2016 were applied as the subject for our model. Results: A well-known inverse correlation between $NO_2$ and $O_3$ was confirmed by the monitored data for Iksan, Korea and Fukuoka, Japan. Typical time fluctuations for $O_3$ and $NO_x$ were also found. Our model suggests that insolation is the most influential factor in determining the concentration of $O_3$. $CH_4$ also plays a major role in our model. It was possible to visually check for the fit of a theoretical distribution to the observed data by examining the probability-probability (P-P) scatter plot. The goodness of fit of the model in this study was also successfully validated through a comparison (r=0.8, p<0.05) of the measured and predicted $O_3$ concentrations. Conclusions: The advantage of our model is that it is capable of immediate forecasting of surface $O_3$ for the afternoon of the day from the routinely measured values of the precursor and meteorological parameters. Although a comparison to other approaches for $O_3$ forecasting was not carried out, the model suggested in this study would be very helpful for the citizens of Korea and Japan, especially during the $O_3$ season from May to June.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.502-504
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• 2003

The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of newly available high spatial resolution satellite images, in evaluating vegetation environment of the urban areas. In doing so, we have used satellite images from QuickBird and selected some areas of Fukuoka City, Kyushu Japan, as study area. The results of the study revealed that, high resolution images are more effective in close monitoring of the vegetation status and green plants should be planted in open spaces and roofs of urban areas to increase vegetation, which will in turn act as a remedy to reduce heat island phenomenon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.84-90
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• 2002

In 1995 we licensed pyrolysis gas melting technology of indirect heating type (using kiln) from Siemens AG, and built its demonstration facility in 1998 at Clean-Park-East of Fukuoka City to demonstrate the technology for municipal solid waste (MSW). In 1997 we were awarded an order from Kanemura Co., Ltd. to build a pyrolysis gas melting and power generation plant, specifically for treating residue from car shredder. The latter was launched in 1998, and is currently in commercial operation. The operation of these plants have proven the following facts. (1) The system is capable for performing a stable operation with a wide variety of waste. (2) Pyrolysis is achieved steadily regardless of the variation in the quality of waste. (3) The system can be operated under low excess air ratio (1.2∼1.3). (4) The concentration of dioxins at the furnace outlet is 0.062ng-TEQ/㎥$\_$N/, and 0.002ng-TEQ/㎥$\_$N/, at the stack. (the value is corrected to dryO$_2$ 12％) (5) The purity of recovered metals exceeds 90%.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.177-186
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• 2018

It is a well-known fact that precipitation plays an important role in capturing ambient particles, however, the details of particle scavenging properties have not been fully proved. To clarify the particle scavenging properties, a complementary study was carried out with the bulk and semi-bulk rain samples collected in an urban city of Japan. pH showed a continued downturn for a little bit at the beginning rainfall and then a turn-up in the following rainfall. The recorded pH values of rainwater (ranged from 3.5-4.6) demonstrated that the strong acid rain was observed during our field measurements. Compared to the subsequent rainfall, electrical conductivity in the beginning rainfall had about 1.3 times higher level. Sulfur showed an overwhelmingly high concentration compared to other elements in both ambient total suspended particles (TSP) and rain samples. On the contrary to ambient TSP, every element including Ca and Zn in rain showed a continued rise in concentration accompanied by increasing of rainfall amount. During the first period of the rainfall there was no meaningful change in elemental carbon concentration, however, it was largely increased (up to $0.2mg\;L^{-1}$) in the sequential rainfall (4.0-4.5 mm rainfall amount). The theoretically calculated number concentration of particles scavenged by raindrops showed a strong decrease of with the increasing droplet diameter regardless of particle type.