• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.957-967
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• 2017

첨가제와 점화 보조제가 적용된 고체연료 램젯 용 연료 그레인의 연소시험을 수행하여 점화 지연과 연소 효율을 확인하였다. 연료 그레인은 HTPB에 AP 파우더 15 wt.% 보론 입자 5 wt.%가 혼합된 형태로 구성되어 있다. 연료 그레인에 $NC/BKNO_3$와 Composite 추진제로 이루어진 점화보조제를 도포하여 우수한 점화성능을 확보하였다. 에탄올 블렌딩 과산화수소 가스발생기를 통해 램젯 연소실의 공기와 가깝도록 온도, 압력, 산소 조성을 조절한 산화제 가스를 유속 $200kg/m^2s$ 으로 흐르도록 설정하였다. 실험 결과, 점화보조제의 작동을 통해 연료그레인에서 0.5초의 점화 지연시간을 파악하였다. 또한 보론의 연소를 통해 8 bar의 일정한 연소실 압력과 0.86의 높은 연소 효율을 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.145-148
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• 2009

연료 과농 가스발생기의 연소시험이 파워팩 환경에서 수행되었다. 가스발생기는 파워팩 환경에서 특성 길이 증가로 인해 축 방향 연소 불안정에 취약하다. 가스발생기 후단에 압력 강하를 위해 삽입한 오리피스는 축 방향 연소 안정성을 향상시켜주는 것으로 확인되었다. 연소실과 추진제 매니폴드에서 측정한 압력 섭동의 세기는 연소실 압력의 제곱에 비례하여 증가하였다. 특히 연료 매니폴드 내의 압력 섭동이 산화제 매니폴드 또는 연소실 압력 섭동보다 약 2배 이상 크게 발생하였다. 주파수 분석 결과, 연료 매니폴드 압력 섭동은 비선형적인 특성을 내포하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1092-1100
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• 2010

Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa inhabiting the rumen, the largest chamber of the ruminants' stomach, release large quantities of hydrogen during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The hydrogen is used by coexisting methanogens to produce methane in energy-yielding processes. This work shows, for the first time, a fundamental possibility of using a hydrogen-rich fermentation gas produced by selected rumen ciliates to feed a low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell. A biohydrogen fuel cell (BHFC) was constructed consisting of (i) a bioreactor, in which a hydrogen-rich gas was produced from glucose by rumen ciliates, mainly of the Isotrichidae family, deprived of intra- and extracellular bacteria, methanogens, and fungi; and (ii) a chemical fuel cell of the polymer-electrolyte type (PEFC). The fuel cell was used as a tester of the technical applicability of the fermentation gas produced by the rumen ciliates for power generation. The average estimated hydrogen yield was ca. 1.15 mol $H_2$ per mole of fermented glucose. The BHFC performance was equal to the performance of the PEFC running on pure hydrogen. No fuel cell poisoning effects were detected. A maximum power density of $1.66\;kW/m^2$ (PEFC geometric area) was obtained at room temperature. The maximum volumetric power density was $128\;W/m^3$ but the coulombic efficiency was only ca. 3.8%. The configuration of the bioreactor limited the continuous operation time of this BHFC to ca. 14 h.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2002

Recently gasoline direct injection method has been applied to gasoline engine to reduce fuel consumption rate by controlling fuel air mixture on lean condition by means of stratified charging, and to reduce simultaneously. Pollutant emissions especially NOx and CO by lowering the combustion temperature. But difficulty of controling local fuel air ratio at ignition area in flammability limit unavoidably appeared, because it is merely controlled by injection timing with spatial and temporal distribution of fuel mixture. In this study, the authors devised a uniquely shaped combustion chamber so called three-chamber GDI engine, intended to keep the more reliable fuel air ratio at ignition area. The combustion chamber is divided into three regions. The first region is in the rich combustion division, where the fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve and ignited by the spark plug. The second region is in the lean combustion division, where the combustion gas from the rich combustion division flows out and burns on lean condition. And the last region is in the main combustion division ie in the cylinder, where the gas from the above two combustion divisions mixed together and completes the combustion during expansion stroke. They found that the stable range of operation of three-chamber GDI engine on low-load condition exists in the lean area of average equivalence ratio. And they also found that the reformed engine reveals less specific fuel consumption and less pollutant emissions compared with conventional carburettor type gasoline engine.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제20회 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.258-261
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• 2003

액체로켓 엔진에 사용되는 가스발생기의 최적설계와 연소해석을 수행하였다. 추진제는 RP-1/LOx 이고, open cycle터보펌프 시스템을 사용하였으며, 가스발생기는 농후(fuel-rich)연소를 적용하였다. 최적설계의 목적함수는 주연소실의 비추력이 최대가 되는 것으로 하였다. 설계변수는 가스발생기의 O/F비, 유량(mass flow rate into gas generator), 터빈 노즐 출구 각, 부분분사비, 그리고 터빈 원주속도로서 이들을 이용하여 가스발생기의 열역학적 성능을 계산하였고, 설계제한조건인 가스발생기 연소실 총온도와 터빈-펌프의 출력일치(matching)를 만족하면서 목적함수를 최대화 할 수 있는 가스발생기의 형상과 성능조건을 확인하였다. 연소해석을 통하여 난류고리 장착에 따른 연소가스의 혼합길이와 연소실 직경을 검토하고, 반경방향의 온도분포 등을 살펴보았다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

Mixture formation in the cylinder of a lean bum engine has been observed by Laser Induced Fluorescence technique. XeCl laser (308nm) was used to produce a laser sheet. 3-pentanone has been added to iso-octane fuel to produce fluorescence, the intensity of which is proportional to the concentration of the fuel. The laser sheet was introduced through the piston window and the fuel distribution in the vertical plane was observed through a side window. Comparison has been made for the cases of selected fuel injection timing as 0, 360, 405, and 450 CA. For the case of 0 and 360 CA injection, uniform fuel distribution in the combustion chamber has been obtained at the ignition time which is favorable for the high load mode. And the late injection cases, 405 and 450 CA, revealed the stratified formation of rich mixture around the spark plug. That extends the lean misfire limit and reduces cyclic variation in the low load mode.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1999

This study investigates the effects of different kind fuels on the flame structure by using the numerical simulation in triple flame made by a co-flowing fuels-air stream based on the elementary chemical reaction mechanism. Methane and Hydrogen were used as fuel for this study. In order to interpret the result of the study on numerical simulation Skeletal chemistry is employe as the elementary chemical reaction mechanism for methane Gutheil's as an offset ele-mentary chemical reaction mechanism for hydrogen. The result of this study is as follows. In com-parison between the apparent burning velocity change of triple flame and the one-dimensional pre-mixed flame hydrogen fuel flame is higher than methane fuel flame. The flame thrusts out for-ward in the down stream of the boundary between air-fuel mixture and air stream and a part of the flow is bent and forks out in this protruding flame so that a triple flame is originated.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

Variable valve timing is one of the attractive ways to control homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. Hot internal residual gas which can be controlled by variable valve timing(VVT) device, makes fuel evaporated easily, and ignition timing advanced. Regular gasoline was used as main fuel and di-methyl ether(DME) was used as ignition promoter in this research. HCCI engine operating range is limited by high combustion peak pressure and engine noise. High combustion pressure can damage the engine during operation. To avoid engine damage, the rich limits have to define using various methods. Peak combustion pressure, rate of cylinder pressure rise was considered to determine rich limit of engine operating range. Knock probability was correlated with the rate of cylinder pressure rise as well as the peak combustion pressure.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.213-216
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• 2004

The results of combustion performance test of fuel-rich gas generator(GG) using LOx and kerosene as propellant at design and off-design point are described. The parameters used in this analysis are the average exit temperature($T_{GG}$) and the characteristic velocity($C^{\ast}$). The average gas temperature at the exit of gas generator is found to be a function of propellant O/F ratio. For the gas generator having residence time of 4msec or more, the effect of flame residence time and combustion chamber pressure on the exit temperature is not significant. The exit characteristic velocity is found to be linearly proportional to the gas temperature at the exit of gas generator.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Numerical simulations of freely propagating fuel-rich $CH_4/CH_3Cl$ premixed flames were performed at atmospheric pressure in order to understand the effect of the oxygen enrichment on the production of PAH. A chemical kinetic mechanism was used, which involved 157 gas-phase species and 1693 forward reactions. The calculated flame speeds were compared with the experiments for the flames established on the equivalence ratios of 1~1.6, the results of which were in good agreement. As the level of oxygen enrichment was increased, the concentrations of one or four ring aromatic hydrocarbons were decreased. This might cause the fact that the contribution of PAH species to soot was weakened.