• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2018

The aim of this paper is to determine neutronic performances of the light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel mixed with fertile thorium fuel in a FFHR. Time dependent three dimensional calculations for major technical data, such as blanket energy multiplication, tritium breeding ratio, cumulative fissile fuel enrichment and burnup have been performed by using Monte Carlo Neutron-Particle Transport code MCNP5 1.4, coupled with a novel interface code MCNPAS, which is developed by our research group. A self-sustaining tritium breeding ratio (TBR>1.05) has been kept throughout the calculations. The study has shown that the fissile fuel quality will be improved in the course of the transmutation of the LWR spent in the FFHR. The latter has gained the reusable fuel enrichment level conventional LWRs between one and two years. Furthermore, LWR spent fuel - thorium mixture provides higher burn-up values than in light water reactors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.6-10
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• 2013

A numerical reproducibility of the backdraft phenomena in a compartment was investigated. The prediction performance of two combustion models, the mixture fraction and finite chemistry models, were tested for the backdraft phenomena using the FDS code developed by the NIST. The mixture fraction model could not predict the flame propagation in a fuel-air mixture as well as the backdraft phenomena. However, the finite chemistry model predicted the flame propagation in the mixture inside a tube reasonably. In addition, the finite chemistry model predicted well the backdraft phenomena in a compartment qualitatively. The flame propagation inside the compartment, fuel and oxygen distribution and explosive fire ball behavior were well simulated with the finite chemistry model. It showed that the FDS adopted with the finite chemistry model can be an effective simulation tool for the investigation of backdraft in a compartment.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1563-1571
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• 2003

A fast response NO analyzer was applied to investigate the relation between cycle-by-cycle NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure. NO emissions were sampled at an isolated exhaust manifold of 4-stroke spark ignition engine to avoid the interference of exhaust gas from other cylinders. The linear correlation analysis was performed with collected data of NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure with respect to the various air-fuel mixture ratios and engine loads. The sampled data sets were obtained during 200 cycles at each operating condition. The results showed that there was a typical pattern in NO emissions from an exhaust port through a cycle. It was possible to set a block of crank angle in which the linear correlation coefficient between NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure was high. As the engine load increased, NO emissions were more dependent on combustion chamber pressure after TDC. It was also analyzed that the correlation between two parameters with respect to air-fuel mixture ratio tended to increase as mixture went leaner. Furthermore, this correlation coefficient for the mixture near the lean limit seemed to be kept high even though combustion was unstable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

This study investigates the effects of the DME and n-Butane mixture and of the stratification on combustion characteristics of HCCI engine by chemical reaction calculation. First, the existing DME reaction scheme and n-Butane is combined to make new chemical reaction model, then validating the effectiveness of new scheme. Furthermore, this study verify the HCCI combustion characteristics according to the changes of DME and n-Butane mixture ratio, which shows different auto ignition characteristics. Finally, it confirms the effects of stratification of mixture fuel on the reduction of pressure rise rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1681-1690
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• 1998

The aim of this paper is to investigate combustion characteristics of lean premixed mixture stabilized by catalytic surface reaction. The catalytic combustor consisted of a catalyst bed and a thermal combustor. The catalyst bed was made of two stage, Pd catalyst in the first stage and Pt catalyst in the second stage. Auto ignition of lean mixture took place in the thermal combustor. Ignition temperature was about $810{\sim}820^{\circ}C$ at the fuel-air ratio of 1.5~3.0 % and the mixture velocity of 11~18m/sec. The position of flame front in the thermal combustor moved toward back as preheat temperature increased and fuel-air ratio decreased. The f1ame supported by surface reaction was stabilized without any flame stabilizers. NOx emissions from the catalytic combustor were below 2.0 ppm ($O_2$ 15 %) when gas temperature was limited below $1350^{\circ}C$. This result demonstrates that NOx emission from the catalytic combustor is much low comparing with conventional combustors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2010

The four combustion stages in a diesel engine have close correlation among them. Especially, the ignition delay period has significant effect on the following combustion stage. And the period is also one of inevitable combustion processes in the diesel engine. For example, the diesel knocking is a well-known phenomenon due to the long ignition delay period. The interval of the ignition delay period is affected by the mixture formation process in the cylinder. However, in the case of the D.I. diesel engine, the available duration to make the mixture formation of air-fuel is very short. In addition, the means of the mixture formation mainly depends on the injection characteristics and properties of the fuel. It is difficult to make complete mixture. Therefore, an early stage of combustion is violent, which leads to the weakness of noise and vibration. In this study, using the visible engine, we measured the ignition delay period by photo sensor which detect occurrence of flame and presented the factors of the injection characteristics such as kinds of injection system, the injection pressure and the injection timing. The relation between the ignition delay period and cylinder pressure diagram which was concurrently obtained was also estimated.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2253-2262
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• 2005

The focus of this work is placed on the analysis of the mixture formation mechanism under the evaporative diesel spray of impinging and free conditions. As an experimental parameter, ambient gas density was selected. Effects of density variation of ambient gas on liquid and vapor-phase inside structure of evaporation diesel spray were investigated. Ambient gas density was changed between ${\rho}a=5.0\;kg/m^3$ and $12.3\;kg/m^3$. In the case of impinging spray, the spray spreading to the radial direction is larger due to the decrease of drag force of ambient gas in the case of the low density than that of the high density. On the other hand, in the case of free spray, in accordance with the increase in the ambient gas density, the liquid-phase length is getting short due to the increase in drag force of ambient gas. In order to examine the homogeneity of mixture consisted of vapor-phase fuel and ambient gas in the spray, image analysis was conducted with statistical thermodynamics based on the non-dimensional entropy (S) method. In the case of application of entropy analysis to diesel spray, the entropy value always increases. The entropy of higher ambient density is higher than that of lower ambient gas density during initial injection period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.426-430
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• 2012

The properties of green sheet were investigated in order to understanding an effects of organic solvent mixture ratio for solid oxide fuel cells fabrication. The purpose of this work is to optimize the slurry condition using the design of experiment to improve green sheet properties. The elongation increased with increasing amount of binder and solvent. With increasing amount of solvent, the air permeability increased but the tensile strength decreased. The best properties of the green sheet appeared amount of the binder 17 wt%, solvent 35 wt% and powder 48 wt%. The optimum condition of green and sintered density for solid oxide fuel cells fabrication was obtained in the sample pressured at 800 $kgf/cm^2$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.100-107
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• 2002

Combustion characteristics of diesel engine depends on mixture formation process during Ignition delay and premixed flame region. Fuel and air mixture formation has a great influence on the exhaust emission. Therefore, the present study focused on the combustion mechanism of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. This study was carried out to investigate the combustion characteristics of direct injection type HCCI engine using a visualization engine. To investigate the combustion characteristics, we measured cylinder pressure and calculated heat release rate. In addition, we investigated the flame development process by using visualization engine system. From the experimental result of HCCI engine, we observed that cool flame was always appeared in HCCI combustion and magnitude of cool flame was proportional to magnitude of hot flame. And we also found that fuel injection timing is more effective to increase lean homogeneous combustion performance than intake air temperature. Since increasing the intake air temperature improved fuel vaporization before the fuel atomizes, we concluded that increasing the temperature has disadvantage fur homogeneous premixed combustion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2010

This paper discusses experimental data for the assessment of flow discharging characteristics of double swirl coaxial injectors operating at fuel-rich conditions. Combustion tests employing liquid oxygen and kerosene (Jet A-1) were conducted and a discharge coefficient was utilized for defining flow characteristics. A mass flow rate, a pressure, and a temperature were measured to estimate discharge coefficients. Fuel injectors revealed a fixed value of a discharge coefficient regardless of matched LOx injector design, chamber pressure, and mixture ratio. However, oxidizer injectors showed varying discharging coefficients depending on chamber pressure and mixture ratio. Flame structure variations seem to affect flow discharging characteristics of the oxidizer side.