• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fuel Properties

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Analysis of CANDU-6 Transition Core Refuelled from 37-Element Fuel to CANFLEX-NU Fuel

  • Jeong, Chang-Joon;Lee, Young-Ouk;Suk, Ho-Chun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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    • 1997.05a
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    • pp.77-82
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    • 1997
  • The CANDU-6 transition core refuelled from 37-element fuel to CANFLEX-NU fuel has been evaluated by an 100full power day time-dependent fuel-management simulation to find the core compatibility with the CANFLEX fuel loading. The simulation calculations for the transition core were carried out with the RFSP code, provided by the cell averaged fuel properties obtained from the POWDERPUFS-V code. The simulation results were compared with those of the current 37-element fuel loading only. The results show that the CANFLEX-NU fuel bundles will be compatible with the CANDU-6 reactor because the core physics characteristics of CANFLEX-NU fuel are very similar to those of the 37-element fuel bundle.

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Research Trend of Organic/Inorganic Composite Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (고분자 전해질 연료전지용 유.무기 복합막의 연구개발동향)

  • Kim, Deuk Ju;Nam, Sang Yong
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.155-170
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    • 2012
  • Fuel cells have been considered as alternative power generation system in the twenty-first century because of eco-friendly system, high power density and efficiency compare with petroleum engine system. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are the key components in fuel cell system. Currently, Nafion has been used in fuel cell system. However, Nafion has disadvantages such as low conductivity at high temperature and high cost. The researchers have focused to reach the high properties such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties and low manufacturing cost. Various methods have been developed for preparation of proton exchange membrane with high performance and commercialization of fuel cell system. The hybrid organic/inorganic membrane has the potentials to provide a unique combination of organic and inorganic properties with improved proton conductivity and mechanical property at high temperatures. So, this paper presents an overview of research trend for the composite membranes prepared by organic/inorganic system using various inorganic materials.

Effects of Annealing and Neutron Irradiation on Micostructural and Mechanical Properties of High Burn-up Zr Claddings (고연소도 신형 Zr피복관의 미세조직과 기계적 특성에 미치는 열처리 및 중성자 조사의 영향)

  • Baek, Jong Hyuk;Kim, Hyun Gil;Jeong, Yong Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.151-164
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    • 2004
  • The changes of microstructural and mechanical properties were evaluated for the high burn-up fuel claddings after the neutron irradiation of $1.8{\sim}3.1{\times}10^{20}n/cm^2$ (E>1.0 MEV) in HANARO research reactor. After the irradiation, the spot-type dislocations (a-type dislocations) were easily observed in most claddings, and the density of the dislocations was different depending on the grains and was higher at grain boundaries than within grains. As the final annealing temperature increased, the density of spot-type dislocations increased and the line-type dislocations (c-type dislocations) which was perpendicular to the <0002> direction, appeared sporadically in some claddings. However, the types of precipitates in the fuel claddings after the irradiation were not changed from that in unirradiated claddings. The mechanical properties including the hardness, strength and elongation after the irradiation were changed due to the formation of spot-type dislocations. That is, the increase in hardness and strength as well as the decrease in elongation after the irradiation was occurred simultaneously with increasing the final annealing temperature. Owing to the Nb contribution to the formation of spot-type dislocation during the irradiation, the increase in hardness and strength in higher Nb-contained Zr alloys after the irradiation was higher than that in lower Nb-contained Zr alloys.

Study of Alternative Fuel Suitability for Special Antarctic Blend Diesel (남극유 대체연료 적합성 연구)

  • Lim, Young-Kwan;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Jong-Ryeol;Ha, Jong-Han
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.460-466
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    • 2017
  • The common petroleum can make precipitation such as a wax in a polar region due to severely cold weather condition, which can cause problems to fuel supply system. The petroleum product used in the polar region has thus been manufactured and sold suitable for the cold environment. However it is difficult to supply such petroleum products on time since these were mainly supplied abroad. In this article, the original fuel properties were first analyzed in order to find alternative fuel products for polar region. Jet fuel which is excellent cold characteristics was chosen and the fuel properties was tested by adding a constant concentration of lubricant additives to the jet fuel. As a result, the lubricant additive R621 showed the best lubricity, and adding 1000 mg/L of R621 content to the jet fuel was sufficient to enhance the lubricity. We envision that the jet fuel added 1000 mg/L of R621A can be suitable for alternative special antarctic blend diesel (SAB) in an severe polar environment.

The Fuel Characteristics of Diesel by Water Contamination (수분오염에 따른 경유의 연료적 특성)

  • Lim, Young-Kwan;Won, Ki-Yoe;Kang, Byung-Seok;Park, So-Hwi;Park, Jang-Min;Kang, Dea-Hyuk
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.385-390
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    • 2020
  • It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

Fabrication of Electrolyte for Direct Carbon Fuel Cell and Evaluation of Properties of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (직접탄소 연료전지용 전해질 제조 및 직접탄소 연료전지 특성 평가)

  • Pi, Seuk-Hoon;Cho, Min-Je;Lee, Jong-Won;Lee, Seung-Bok;Lim, Tak-Hyoung;Park, Seok-Joo;Song, Rak-Hyun;Shin, Dong-Ryul
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.786-789
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    • 2011
  • In order to estimate the possibility of applying electrolytes generally used in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) to direct carbon fuel cells(DCFCs), properties of YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) electrolyte were evaluated. In this study, vacuum slurry coating method was adapted to coat thin layer on anode support substrate. After sintering the electrolyte at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs, microstructure was analyzed by using SEM image. Also, gas permeability and ionic conductivity were measured to find out the potential possibility of electrolyte for DCFCs. The YSZ electrolyte represented dense coating layer and low gas permeability value. The ionic conductivity of YSZ electrolyte was high over $800^{\circ}C$. After measurement of the electrolyte properties, direct carbon fuel cell was fabricated and its performance was measured at $800^{\circ}C$.

Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel as an Alternative Fuel for a D.I. Diesel Engine(2) (직접분사식 디젤기관에서 바이오디젤 연료의 연소특성(2))

  • Jang, S.H.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2009
  • Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develop various alternative fuels in diesel engine. The use of biodiesel fuel(BDF) is an effective way of substituting diesel fuel in the long run. But biodiesel fuel can affect the performance and emissions in diesel engine because it has different chemical and physical properties from diesel fuel. In this study, to investigate the combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel for D.I. diesel engine, experiments were carried out at the three-cylinder, four stroke D.I. diesel engine with T/C. As a result, shorter ignition delays were observed for the biodiesel blend cases relative to the diesel oil. The pick value of premixed combustion for the rate of heat release is increased with decreasing C.F.W. temperature.

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STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR FUEL WITH REDUCED WELDING CONDITIONS

  • Park, Nam-Gyu;Park, Joon-Kyoo;Suh, Jung-Min;Kim, Kyu-Tae;Jeon, Kyeong-Lak
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.347-354
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    • 2009
  • Welding is required for a connection between two different components in the nuclear fuel of a pressurized water reactor. This work relies on a mechanical experiment and analytic results to investigate the structural integrity of nuclear fuel in a situation where some components are not welded to each other. A series of lateral vibration tests are performed in a test facility, and the test structures are examined in terms of dynamic behavior. In the tests, the displacement signal at every grid structure that sustains fuel rods is measured and processed to identify the dynamic properties. The fluid-elastic stability of the structure is also analyzed to evaluate susceptibility to a cross flow with an assumed conservative cross flow distribution. The test and analysis results confirm that the structural integrity can be maintained even in the absence of some welding connections.

A Study on the Sintering of Simulated DUPIC Fuel (모의 DUPIC 핵연료의 소결 특성 연구)

  • 강권호;배기광;박희성;송기찬;문제선
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.123-130
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    • 2000
  • The simulated DUPIC fuel provides a convenient way to investigate fuel properties and behaviours such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, fission gas release, leaching and so on. Several pellets simulating the composition and microstructure of the DUPIC fuel were fabricated from resintering powder through the OREOX process of the simulated spent fuel pellets, which were prepared from the mixture of stable forms of constituent nuclides. This study describes the powder treatment, OREOX, compaction and sintering to fabricate simulated DUPIC fuel using the simulated spent fuel. The homogeneity of additives in the powder was observed after attrition milling. The microstructure of the simulated spent fuel was in agreement with the previous studies. The densities and the grain size of simulated DUPIC fuel was pellets are higher than those of simulated spent fuel pellets. Small metallic precipitates and oxide precipitates were observed on matrix grain boundaries.

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A Study on the Application of Indolene - MPHA for Automotive Engine (I) (자동차 대체연료로서의 Indolene-MPHA의 적용에 관한 연구(I) - Indolene-MPHA 연료의 물성치 특성 -)

  • 이민호;오율권;차경옥
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.184-189
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    • 2003
  • A study of the property of Indolene-Methanol Plus High Alcolhols (MPHA) has been completed. The study invested the measurement of fuel properties. The fuel properties investigated are distillation characteristics, heating value, flash point, specific gravity and water tolerance. The alcohol concentration was varied from 0 to 100 percent by volume in clear Indolene. The measurement of fuel properties indicated that, in general, Indolene-MPHA blends have higher water tolerance, similar specific gravity, similar flash point and different distillation characteristics compared to Indolene-Methanol blends.