• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 1992

This paper is an experimental study to investigate utility of ultrasonic treatment of fuel oil in diesel engine. Experiment was carrid out to clarify the effect of ultrsonic vibration on the characteristics of maximum pressure, fuel consumption ratio, smoke, BMEP and torque. The result obtained are as follows: 1. In the case of given ultrsonic vibration, the maximum pressure is increased in all experimental conditions. 2. In the case of given ultrsonic vibration, the decrease effect of fuel consumption rate is increased at low rpm. 3. The generation quantity of soots is increased according to load. In the case of given ultrsonic vibration, the decreased quantity of soots does not very according to load. 4. In the case of given ultrsonic vibration, the BMEP and torque are increased at low load.

• Clean Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.113-127
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• 2006

Waste lubricating oil(WLO)s have been recycled as energy source through direct fuel in cement kilns and fossil power plants, or as fuel oils, or re-refined lubricating base oils. In our country, they have been recycled as low grade fuel oil through chemical treatment process. In 2003, extended producer responsibility (EPR) system was adopted from deposit system on sale of lubricating oils in order to promote their recycleing rate. However, our recycling rate of WLOs have been stagnant(below 70%) for last 5 years. And there has been no research work on recycling of WLOs as re-refined base oil until now in this country. Stabilization technology of thermally cracked oils to reduce tar and malodor and to improve their color for production of high grade fuel oil, and a novel process production of high grade re-refined lubricating base oil from WLOs have been developed and commercialized recently in Canada and U.S.A., respectively. Several countries like Australia, Italy, Germany and U.S.A., etc. are encouraging recycling companies to recycle WLOs as re-refined lubricating oil by giving greater subsidies or benefits compared to other recycling methods. They also adopt a policy to purchase re-refined lubricating oil preferentially in the federal or local governments and to recommend consumers to purchase it willingly. Based on the facts that several advanced countries have adopted a policy to recycle WLOs as re-refined base oil for saving of petroleum resource and reduction of environmental pollution, it is right time to be considered that our present policy for recycling of WLOs should be reevaluated and the new policy of their environmental-friendly and sustainable recycling should be established.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 2014

In this study, oil as a source of biodiesel from Nannochloropsis oceanica was extracted using organic solvent. The oil extraction yield and efficiency from dry and wet microalgae were investigated. The initial fatty acids content of the N. oceanica was 317.8 mg/g cell showing a high oil content over 30%. The yield from dry microalgae was higher than that from wet microalgae due to the inhibition of water. The yield by chloroform-methanol was the highest and the yield by hexane was the lowest. However, the total fatty acids contents with the chloroform-methanol were 678.7 and 778.2 mg/g oil under dry and wet conditions, respectively. The high oil extraction yield by chloroform-methanol reflected the fact that the extracted oil contained a high level of impurity. The hexane-methanol extraction from dry N. oceanica showed high oil extraction efficiency, 82.6%. The chloroform-methanol extraction under wet condition also showed high efficiency, 88.0%. While the hexane-methanol extraction from dry microalgae is desirable under low drying cost, the chloroform-methanol extraction from wet microalgae is desirable under high drying cost.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2018

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.207-214
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• 2004

Extra heavy vacuum residue oil has advantage as the fuel of a power plant in reducing the cost of power generation. Numerical study is conducted by the KIVA code to understand combustion, heat transfer and flow field characteristics in the test reactor. The combustion model of pulverized coal particles is adopted as the combustion process of extra heavy oil is similar to that of coal. As an initial phase of investigation parametric study is performed with respect to SMD and spray angle of injected spray droplets.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2013

The stringent emission norms cannot be met through engine design and exhaust after treatment alone. Use of oxygenated fuel like biodiesel as a alternative to diesel may be the best way to reduce emissions today. In this study, Diesel fuel and pure biodiesel (mahua oil) were tested on a single cylinder naturally-aspirated direct-injection diesel engine. The study aims to investigate the effects of the mahua oil biodiesel on existing diesel engine emissions. The effect of test fuels on engine emissions like CO, HC, $CO_2$, NOx and smoke emissions was investigated with respect to the load on engine. Smoke opacity of Diesel engine was lower in case of biodiesel of mahua oil as compare to mineral diesel. NOx emissions was little higher during the whole range of loading, which is a typical characteristic of biodiesel. However the increments are within in the narrow range. $CO_2$ emissions was bit higher which is the indication of better combustion due to presence of rich oxygen in the mixture, it results in the low values of CO and HC during the whole range of experiments. Thus considering environmental norms most of the engine emissions, it can be concluded and biodiesel derived from mahua oil could be used in a conventional diesel engine without any modification.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2006

Limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters were analysed during several annual research programs of the Swiss Agency of Environment Forests and Landscape(SAEFL, BUWAL). Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of several cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers. In the present work detailed investigations of particle emissions of different 2-stroke scooters with direct injection and with carburetor were performed. The nanoparticulate emissions with different lube oils and fuels were measured by means of SMPS, (CPC) and NanoMet. Also the particle mass emission(PM) was measured with the same method as for Diesel engines. It can be stated, that the oil and fuel quality have a considerable influence on the particle emissions, which are mainly oil condensates. The engine technology influences the (nano)particle emissions by: mixture preparation, mixture tuning, oil consumption, postoxidation, quality, condition and temperature of the catalyst. Since the particulate emission of the 2-S consists mainly of lube oil condensates the minimization of oil consumption stays always an important goal.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 1996

Transesterification of used frying oil was investigated to produce the bio-diesel oil. Experimental conditions included molar ratio of used frying oil to alcohol (1:3, 1:5 and 1:7), concentration of catalyst (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%), ippe of catalyst(sodium melhoxide, NaOH and KOH), reaction temperature (30, 45 and $60^{\circ}C$), and types of alcohol(methanol, ethanol and butanol). The conversion of used frying oil increased with the alcohol mixing ratio and with the reaction temperature. The effect of the type of catalysts on conversion was not significant. The highest conversion was obtained when methanol was used as alcohol. Viscosity was a little higher with the ester product over grade #2 diesel oil. But the physical properties improved significantly with transesterification, resulting in similar fuel properties with those obtained for grade #2 diesel fuel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.945-951
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• 2012

A water emulsion fuel can be used to reduce soot and NOx emissions simultaneously because it has a lower combustion temperature and better fuel atomization owing to the evaporative latent heat and microexplosion of water. Moreover, it can be used without making special modifications to conventional diesel engines. Therefore, this fuel has attracted considerable research attention. In addition, lower-grade fuels are being considered for use in conventional engines because of an increase in oil prices. In this study, we investigated the combustion and exhaust characteristics of MDO (marine diesel oil), which has a lower grade than common diesel oil, and ME (MDO water emulsion) under various test conditions in an automotive diesel engine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.102-112
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), have been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of BCO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the BCO. One of the easiest way to adopt BCO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of BCO with diesel and bio diesel. In this study, a diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), BCO/diesel, BCO/bio diesel emulsions was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by BCO emulsions were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsions and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation. However, in case of BCO/diesel emulsion operation, THC & CO emissions were increased due to the increased ignition delay and poor spray atomization and NOx & Soot were decreased due to the water and oxygen in the fuel. Long term validation of adopting BCO in diesel engine is still needed because the oil is acid, with consequent problems of corrosion and clogging especially in the injection system.