• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 2000

Combustion analysis based on cylinder-pressure provides a mechanism through which a combustion researcher can understand the combustion process. The objective of this paper was to identify the most significant sources of cycle-to-cycle combustion variability in a spark ignition engine at idle. To analyse the cyclic variation in a test engine, the burn parameters are determined on a cycle-to-cycle basis through the analysis of the engine pressure data. The burn rate analysis program was used here and the burn parameters were used to determine the variations in the input parameter-i. e., fuel, air, and residual mass. In this study, we investigated the relationship of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP, burn angles, and lowest normalized value (LNV) in a spark ignition engine in a view of cyclic variations.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.491-501
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• 2021

This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical integrity for Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) cladding under lateral loads during transportation. The evaluation process requires a conservative consideration of the degradation conditions of SNF cladding, especially the hydride effect, which reduces the ductility of the cladding. The dynamic forces occurring during the drop event are pinch force, axial force and bending moment. Among those forces, axial force and bending moment can induce transverse tearing of cladding. Our assessment of 14 × 14 PWR SNF was performed using finite element analysis considering SNF characteristics. We also considered the probabilistic procedures with a Monte Carlo method and a reliability evaluation. The evaluation results revealed that there was no probability of damage under normal conditions, and that under accident conditions the probability was small for transverse failure mode.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

LNG선박에서 발생한 기화가스의 처리를 위해 지금까지는 기화가스를 보조연료로 사용하거나 연소시켰지만 선박의 대형화와 디젤엔진의 사용으로 인해 기화가스를 처리할 수 있는 방법이 제한적인 상황이 되었다. 이를 극복하기 위한 방안으로 고안된 재액화공정은 장치비용과 선박의 제한적인 에너지 공급문제 때문에 지금의 형태를 갖게 되었고 3세대 공정까지 기술발전을 이룩했지만 고효율을 위해 계속해서 연구 개발 중이다. 재액화공정의 방식은 크게 Reverse Brayton Cycle System(RBCS)과 Claude Cycle System(CCS)으로 구분된다. 이 연구에서는 두 가지 System을 분석함으로써 이상적인 피드 상태를 도출하고, 장치 설정을 변경하여 재액화 효율을 높이는데 적합한 설정을 결정하기 위해 HYSYS를 사용하였다. 도출된 경과는 고효율 재액화공정의 설계를 위한 자료로 활용이 가능하다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

The environmental impacts of a 1 kW polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system are quantitatively assessed by performing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study. A PEMFC system produces electricity and heat simultaneously, so an appropriate allocation of associated inputs and outputs is performed between the electricity and heat produced. The environmental impacts of the PEMFC system on the impact categories such as global warming (GW), abiotic depletion (AD), acidification (AC), and eutrophication (EU) are assessed from the life cycle impact assessment. The impact indicator results of the impact assessment on these impact categories are obtained as $3.70E-01kg\;CO_2\;eq./kWh$, 1.86E-03 kg Sb eq./kWh, $4.09E-04kg\;SO_2\;eq./kWh$, and $1.88E-05kg\;PO_4{^{3-}}/kWh$, respectively. For all impact categories studied the most influential stage is the operation stage, which accounts for 98.8%, 98.7%, 70.3%, and 62.3% of the total impact on GW, AD, AC, and EU, respectively. For the impact categories of AD, AC, and EU, most of the environmental impacts during the operation stage is attributed to the production of city gas. However, for the impact category of GW, $CO_2$ emission from the reforming process of city gas is the main reason for the largest contribution of the operation stage to the total impact results.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2022

In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl₃, Al₂O₃, unreacted Sm₂O₃ and AlCl₃ in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attributes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallographic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl₃, duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by doubling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl₃ in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2016

본 논문은 국내 원전의 습식저장조에 저장 중인 경수로형 사용후핵연료를 금속겸용용기를 이용해 건식으로 운영하기 위한 운영공정을 개발하는 것이다. 국내 경수로형 원전의 사용후핵연료는 1990년대 초부터 습식으로 소내에서 운반을 한 경험은 많으나 건식으로 운전한 경험은 전혀 없는 실정이다. 이에 따라 금속겸용용기를 운영할 수 있는 세부 운영공정을 개발하였으며 주요 운영공정에서 금속겸용용기의 주요 구성품 및 사용후핵연료의 안전성이 유지됨을 확인하였다. 단기운영공정은 총 21시간 내에 이루어지도록 절차를 수립하였고 단계별로 허용운전 시간(15시간 습식공정, 3시간 배수공정, 그리고 3시간 진공공정)도 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.968-976
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• 2009

As the global warming becomes a serious environmental problem, studies of reducing $CO_2$ emission in power generation area are in progress all over the world. One of the carbon capture and storage(CCS) technologies is known as oxy-fuel combustion power generation system. In the oxy-fuel combustion system, the exhaust gas is mainly composed of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. Thus, high-purity $CO_2$ can be obtained after a proper $H_2O$ removal process. In this paper, an oxy-fuel combustion cycle that recovers the waste heat of a high-temperature fuel cell is analyzed thermodynamically. Variations of characteristics of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ mixture which is extracted from the condenser and power consumption required to obtain highly-pure $CO_2$ gas were examined according to the variation of the condensing pressure. The influence of the number of compression stages on the power consumption of the $CO_2$ capture process was analyzed, and the overall system performance was also investigated.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.655-659
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• 2020

Hydrogen isotopes (i.e. deuterium and tritium) are supplied to the tokamak in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) fuel cycle. One important part of the ITER fuel cycle is the recycling of unused fuel back to the tokamak, as almost 99 % of fuel is unburned during fusion reaction. For this, cryogenic distillation has been used in the isotope separation system (ISS) of ITER, but this technique tends to be energy-intensive and to have low selectivity (typically below 1.5 at 24 K). Recently, efficient isotope separation by porous materials has been reported in the so-called quantum sieving process. Hence, in this study, hydrogen isotope adsorption behavior is studied using chemically stable ZIF-11. At low temperature (40 K ~ 70 K), the adsorption increases and the sorption hysteresis becomes stronger as the temperature increases to 70K. Molar ratio of deuterium to hydrogen based on the isotherms shows the highest (max. 14) ratio at 50 K, confirming the possibility of use as a potential isotope separation material.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

The Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle(FCEV) is recently evolving into a new trend in the automobile industry due to its relatively higher efficiency and zero greenhouse gas(GHG) emission in the tailpipe, as compared to that of the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, it is important to analyze the whole process of the hydrogen's life cycle(from extraction of feedstock to vehicle operation) in order to evaluate the environmental impact of introducing FCEV upon recognizing that the hydrogen fuel, which is used in the fuel cell stack, is not directly available from nature, but instead, it should be produced from naturally available resources. Among the various hydrogen production methods, ${\sim}54.1%^{8)}$ of marketed hydrogen in Korea is produced from naphtha cracking process in the petrochemical industry. Therefore, in this study, we performed a well-to-wheels(WTW) analysis on the hydrogen fuel cycle for the FCEV application by using the GREET program from the US Argonne National Laboratory with Korean specific data. As a result, the well-to-tank and well-to-wheel GHG emissions of the FCEV are calculated as 45,638-51,472 g $CO_2eq/GJ$ and 65.0-73.4 g $CO_2eq/km$, respectively

• 공업화학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2023

본 연구는 가축분뇨를 가스화 하여 연료 가스를 생산하는 공정의 경제성과 탄소배출 관점에서의 지속가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 고려한 가스화 공정은 가스화 시설, 연료가스 정제 시설 및 생산 가스를 수요처를 수송하기 위한 파이프 라인의 설치까지 전체 시설을 고려하여 해당 기술의 현실적인 타당성을 평가하였다. 해당 연구는 실험 결과를 반영하는 ASPEN PLUS 시뮬레이션을 토대로 도출되었다. 경제성 및 CO₂ 전 주기 평가 결과, 축분 가스화를 통해 얻어진 연로가스는 발열량은 낮지만, 높은 수소 함량으로 천연가스와 가격적으로 경쟁력이 있다는 결과를 확인하였다. 특히, 탄소 배출 측면에서 높은 수소 함량으로 연료를 연소하였을 때 발열량당 배출되는 이산화탄소의 양이 천연가스에 비해 낮아 탄소 배출량 감축에 기여할 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 다양한 시나리오 분석을 통해 외부 요인 및 정책적 요인에 따른 경제성을 확인하였고, 재무 재표 분석을 통해 해당 기술을 실질적인 사업화 가능성을 평가하였다.