• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2009

This experimental study was conducted to investigate macroscopic characteristics of the flash boiling spray with tow component mixing fuel. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is a newer combustion method for internal combustion engines to reduce nitrogen oxide and particulate matter simultaneously. But it is difficult to put this combustion method to practical use in an engine because of such problems as instability of combustion in low load operating conditions and knocking in high load operating conditions. In HCCI, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions depend on conditions of air/fuel mixture and chemical reactions of fuel molecules. The fuel design approach is achieved by mixing two components which differ in properties such as density, viscosity, volatility, ignitability and so on. We plan to apply the fuel design approach to HCCI combustion generated in a real engine, and examine the possibility of mixture formation control using the flash boiling spray. Spray characteristics of two component fuel with a flash boiling phenomenon was investigated using Shlieren and Mie scattering photography. Test fuel was injected into a constant volume vessel at ambient conditions imitated injection timing BTDC of a real engine. As a result, it was found that a flash boiling phenomenon greatly changed spray structure, especially in the conditions of lower temperature and density. Therefore, availability of mixture formation control using flash boiling spray was suggested.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2014

기존 항공유보다 비등점을 높인 고비등점 연료에 대하여 다양한 분사 압력 조건에서 비등점 이상의 온도까지 연료를 가열하는 경우의 분사특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 연료 온도 상승에 따른 인젝터의 특성은 유량계수(${\alpha}$)와 캐비테이션 수($K_c$)를 파라미터로 나타내었는데, 고온에서의 각 연료별 ${\alpha}$ 특성을 $K_c$에 대해 나타내면 그 경향이 모두 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 고비점 연료들은 기존 연료에 비하여 비등의 효과가 나타나기 시작하는 온도가 더 높아졌을 뿐만 아니라, 그 이상의 온도에서도 분사 특성에 미치는 인젝터 내부의 비등 영향을 더 적게 받았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1005-1013
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• 2010

본 연구는 HCCI 엔진의 운전조건을 고려한 혼합연료의 감압비등 분무제어방법을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 2상영역이 존재하는 혼합연료는 고비점성분의 증발촉진과 함께 연료분무의 급격한 증발을 유도할 수 있는 감압비등분무를 이용함으로써 저온 및 저밀도장에서 혼합기형성과정의 제어가 가능하다. HCCI 엔진은 이러한 분위기조건에서 연료를 조기분사하기 때문에 착화성이 높은 경유와 휘발성이 높은 가솔린성분으로 함유한 혼합연료의 감압비등현상을 이용함으로써 액체연료의 분열, 미립화와 같은 물리적 제어 및 착화연소에 의한 화학적 제어를 실현할 수 있다. 본 연구는 혼합연료의 성분과 몰분율을 주요변수로 설정하여 정적용기 내에 분사된 연료분무의 감압비등현상을 슐리렌 화상 및 Mie 산란광을 촬영한 후, 화상처리과정을 통하여 이루어졌다. 그 결과로 감압비등현상은 비교적 저온 및 저밀도장에서 분무구조가 크게 변화함을 알 수 있었으며, 조기 연료분사시기에서 감압비등분무를 이용한 혼합기형성을 제어함으로써 HCCI 연소에 적용이 가능할 것으로 분석하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

The liquid phase LPG injection engine is a new technology to make good use of LPG as a clean energy. However, it is difficult to precisely control air/fuel ratio in the system because of variation of fuel composition, change of temperature and flash boiling injection mechanism. This study newly suggests an injector control logic for liquid phase LPG injection systems. This logic compensates a number of effects such as variations of density, stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, injection delay time, injection pressure, release pressure which is formed by flash boiling of fuel at nozzle exit. This logic can precisely control air/fuel ratio with only two parameters of intake air flow rate and injection pressure without considering fuel composition, fuel temperature.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 1998

The characteristics of liquefied butane spray are expected to be different from conventional diesel fuel spray, because a kind of flash boiling spray is expected when the back pressure is below the saturation vapor pressure of the butane(0.23MPa at $25^{\circ}C$). An accumulator type pintle injector and its fuel delivery system has been simulated in ruder to give injection pressure, needle lift and rate of fuel injected. The governing equation were solved by finite difference metho. The injection duration was controlled by solenoid valve. Spray behaviors such as a transient spray tip penetration, spray angle and SMD were calculated based on the empirical correlations in case that the back pressure is both above the vapor pressure of the butane and below that of butane. When the back preassure is below the vapor pressure of the fuel, conventional correlation is modified to represent the effect of flash boiling.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

This study presents a numerical simulation investigating hydrodynamic characteristics of high-temperature hydrocarbon aviation fuel injected through a plain orifice injector. The analysis encompassed the temperature range up to the critical point, and the obtained results were compared with prior experimental observations. The analysis unveiled that the injector's exit pressure remains equivalent to the ambient pressure when the fuel injection temperature is below the boiling point. However, when the fuel temperature surpasses the boiling point, the exit pressure of the injector transitions to the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the fuel injection temperature. Consequently, the exit pressure of the injector increases in tandem with the rapid increase of the saturation vapor pressure due to escalating fuel temperatures. This rise in the exit pressure necessitates a proportional increase in fuel injection pressure to ensure a fixed fuel mass flow rate. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that the discharge coefficient obtained by applying the exit pressure instead of the ambient pressure did exhibit no decrease, but rather was maintained at a nearly constant value, comparable to its level below the boiling point.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.552-561
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• 2006

The single droplet combustion characteristics of diesel fuel and low quality oil with additive oxygenate and paraffin under high ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were investigated in the study. The results of the study may are concluded as follows: In the combustion of diesel fuel and low quality oil droplet with additive of oxygenate and paraffin. the dimensionless droplet size of $(D/Do)^2$ was linearly decreased with time. A fuel droplet with low boiling temperature additives and in high boiling temperature base fuel evaporates and burns faster than usual base fuel. Especially. these trends were remarkably obtained by decreasing boiling point and increasing blending contents of additives in case of oxygenated agents rather than n-paraffin agents. This rapid burning may result from so-called 'micro-explosion' and its burning intensity varies with the types of additives. The results above may suggest that rapid evaporation of oxygenate additive in the middle stage of combustion can contribute much to combustion improvement of blended fuels.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

Phenomenon of droplet impingement with high temperature wall needs to be investigated because atomization process of droplet and cooling process of the wall by the impingement are very important in industry, thus studies concerned with temperature of piston wall have been conducted in spray characteristics analysis of diesel engine. Hence, in this study, we defined $DT_{sat}(=T_w-T_{sat})$ superheat degree of the wall by difference between $T_w$ considering surface temperature of piston in the actual engine and $T_{sat}$ saturation temperature of the fuel and then investigated spray behavior of wall impinging with variance of the boiling process. In this study, in order to analyze wall impingement of droplet in accordance with difference of boiling condition, calculational conditions were set as $DT_{sat}=40K$(nucleate boiling), $DT_{sat}=140K$(transition boiling), and $DT_{sat}=240K$(film boiling). As a result, it can be found that fuel vapor increases and droplet mass decreases in the order of the nucleate boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mixed fuel composition and mass fraction on spray inner structure in evaporating transient spray under the variant ambient conditions. Spray structure and spatial distribution of liquid phase concentration were investigated using a thin laser sheet illumination technique on the three component mixed fuels. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used as a light source. The experiments were conducted in a constant volume vessel with optical access. Fuel was injected into the vessel with electronically controlled common rail injector. Used fuel contains i-octane($C_8H_{18}$), n-dodecane($C_{12}H_{26}$) and n-hexadecane($C_{16}H_{34}$) that were selected as low-, middle- and high-boiling point fuel, respectively. Experimental conditions are 42 MPa, 72 MPa and 112 MPa in injection pressure, $5\;kg/m^3$, $15kg/m^3$ and $30kg/m^3$ in ambient gas density, 300 K, 500 K, 600 K and 700 K in ambient gas temperature, 300 K and 368 K in fuel temperature and different fuel mass fraction. Experimental results indicated that the multi-component fuels made two phase region mixed vapor and liquid so that it would are helpful to improve combustion, for the fuels of high boiling point component could accelerate evaporation very much according as low boiling point fuel was added to high boiling point fuel.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2002

This paper presents an atomization model for sprays under flash boiling conditions. The atomization is represented by the secondary breakup of a bubble/droplet system, and the breakup is considered as the results of two competing mechanisms, aerodynamic force and bubble growth. The model was applied to predict the atomization of a hollow-cone spray from pintle injector under flash boiling conditions. In the regimes this study considered, sprays are atomized by bubble growth, which produces smaller SMD#s than aerodynamic forces alone. With decreasing ambient pressures, the spray thickness, fuel vaporization rate and vapor radial penetration increases, and the drop size decreases. With increasing the fuel and ambient temperatures to some extent, the effect of flash boiling and air entrainment completely change the spray pattern.