• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2015

Anthranilate synthase (AS)는 트립토판(Trp)과 indole-3-acetic acid, indole alkaloids의 생합성 경로에서 중요한 효소로 작용한다. 트립토판 생합성 상에서 feedback inhibition에 민감하게 반응하는 AS alpha-subunit 관련 OASA2 유전자 영역의 single (F124V) 및 double (S126F/L530D) 점돌연변이로 변형된 유전자의 재조합운반체를 작성하고 이들 유전자들을 Agrobacterium 방법으로 동진벼에 도입하여 형질전환체를 육성하였다. Single 및 double 돌연변이 OsASA2 유전자가 도입된 형질전환 벼 계통들은 nos gene probe를 이용한 TaqMan PCR 방법으로 single copy를 선발하였고, intergenic 계통을 선발하기 위해서 Bfa I 제한효소를 이용하여 RB와 LB 인접서열로부터 IPCR을 통한 FST 분석을 수행하여 4 개의 intergenic 계통을 선발하였다. 도입된 유전자의 발현으로 형질전환 벼는 Trp, IAN 및 IAA가 잎에 가장 많이 축적되었고, 종자의 트립토판 함량도 증가되었다. 후대에서 tryptophan 함량이 높은 S-TG와 D-TG의 두 호모 이벤트 계통을 육성하여 트립토판 함량을 분석한 결과 대조구에 비하여 13~30배 이상 높게 나타났으며, 유리아미노산의 함량도 증가하였다. 이벤트 계통을 이용하여 microarray 분석을 수행한 결과 세포 내 이온 수송, 영양분 공급 등에 영향을 주는 유전자군들이 up-regulation 되었고, 세포 내 기능유전자의 역할을 담당하는 조효소 등이 down-regulation 된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 선발된 두개의 상동성 이벤트 계통들이 고함량의 유리 트립토판 생산 벼의 육종에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 보여준 결과로 생각된다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2008

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant forms of human genetic variations and resources for mapping complex genetic traits and disease association studies. We have constructed a linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of chromosome 22 in Korean samples and compared it with those of other populations, including Yorubans in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI), Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) reference families (CEU), Japanese in Tokyo (JPT) and Han Chinese in Beijing (CHB) in the HapMap database. We genotyped 4681 of 111,448 publicly available SNPs in 90 unrelated Koreans. Among genotyped SNPs, 4167 were polymorphic. Three hundred and five LD blocks were constructed to make up 18.6% (6.4 of 34.5 Mb) of chromosome 22 with 757 tagSNPs and 815 haplotypes (frequency $\geq$ 5.0%). Of 3430 common SNPs genotyped in all five populations, 514 were monomorphic in Koreans. The CHB + JPT samples have more than a 72% overlap with the monomorphic SNPs in Koreans, while the CEU + YRI samples have less than a 38% overlap. The patterns of hot spots and LD blocks were dispersed throughout chromosome 22, with some common blocks among populations, highly concordant between the three Asian samples. Analysis of the distribution of chimpanzee-derived allele frequency (DAF), a measure of genetic differentiation, Fst levels, and allele frequency difference (AFD) among Koreans and the HapMap samples showed a strong correlation between the Asians, while the CEU and YRI samples showed a very weak correlation with Korean samples. Relative distance as a quantitative measurement based upon DAF, Fst, and AFD indicated that all three Asian samples are very proximate, while CEU and YRI are significantly remote from the Asian samples. Comparative genome-wide LD studies provide useful information on the association studies of complex diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2013

This study investigated the geographic and pairwise distances of nine Chinese local Cashmere goat populations through the analysis of 20 microsatellite DNA markers. Fluorescence PCR was used to identify the markers, which were selected based on their significance as identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). In total, 206 alleles were detected; the average allele number was 10.30; the polymorphism information content of loci ranged from 0.5213 to 0.7582; the number of effective alleles ranged from 4.0484 to 4.6178; the observed heterozygosity was from 0.5023 to 0.5602 for the practical sample; the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.5783 to 0.6464; and Allelic richness ranged from 4.7551 to 8.0693. These results indicated that Chinese Cashmere goat populations exhibited rich genetic diversity. Further, the Wright's F-statistics of subpopulation within total (FST) was 0.1184; the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 0.0940; and the average gene flow (Nm) was 2.0415. All pairwise FST values among the populations were highly significant (p<0.01 or p<0.001), suggesting that the populations studied should all be considered to be separate breeds. Finally, the clustering analysis divided the Chinese Cashmere goat populations into at least four clusters, with the Hexi and Yashan goat populations alone in one cluster. These results have provided useful, practical, and important information for the future of Chinese Cashmere goat breeding.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of prevention and treatment of various diseases in Korea. Present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of purple bamboo salt upon anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory activity and immune-enhance effect as well. Purple bamboo salt significantly inhibited the ear swelling response and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 in mice and rat peritoneal mast cells. Purple bamboo salt (0.01 ∼ lg/kg) also dose-dependently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by oral administration. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) in hibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 secretion, by 67.04${\pm}$0.08%, 68.01${\pm}$1.85%, 69.48${\pm}$0.54%, respectively. In addition, purple bamboo salt inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HMC-1 cells. Finally, we investigated the effect of purple bamboo salt in the forced swimming test (FST) and the change of purple bamboo salt-mediated cytokine production from MOLT-4 cells. At the 7th, immobility time was significantly decreased in the purple bamboo salt-administration group (35.4 ${\pm}$5.9 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (93.2 ${\pm}$ 15.45). After FST, the content of glucose in the blood serum was increased and the levels of blood urea nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase was decreased in purple bamboo salt-administration group. However, it had no effect on the elevation of CK and TP level. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and IL-2 level compared with media control (about 3.7-fold for IFN-${\gamma}$, about 3.5-fold for IL-2, p〈0.05) but did not affect the IL-4.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

본 연구는 국내 주요 송이 산지에서 생산되는 송이{Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing}의 개체간, 그리고 지역간 유전적 다양성을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 경상북도의 봉화, 울진, 고령, 청도의 4개 지역, 경상남도의 창녕, 하동, 함양의 3개 지역, 강원도의 양양, 인제의 2개 지역, 충청북도의 괴산, 전라북도의 남원을 포함하여 총 11개의 송이 산지를 대상으로 1994년부터 1997년까지 산지별로 $3{\sim}8$개의 균환에서, 그리고 각 균환마다 2개의 자실체를 채집하여 6개의 primer를 이용하여 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Polymerase Chain Reaction(I-SSR PCR)법을 이용하여 자실체의 유전적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 총 131개의 DNA band가 재현성 있게 나타났다. 또한 산지간의 유연관계를 살펴보기 위하여 Nei의 genetic distance를 이용하여 UPGMA tree를 작성하였다. I-SSR PCR법을 이용하여 DNA를 분석한 결과, 산지간의 유전적 변이는 12.9%에 불과한 반면 산지 내 개체간 변이가 87.1%로 나타났다. 유집 분석 결과는 11개 송이 산지를 제 I 그룹(양양, 함양, 인제, 하동, 울진), 제 II 그룹(남원, 창녕, 청도), 제 III 그룹(고령), 제 IV 그룹(봉화, 괴산)의 4개 그룹으로 분류하였다. 송이의 유전적 다양성, 집단간의 유전적 차이를 나타내는 수치인 Fst 값이 0.13이므로 집단간의 유전적 변이를 어느 정도 나타낸다고 결론짓는다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2005

한우의 생산이력제에 활용 가능한 20종의 microsatellite marker를 선정하고 다형성지수, F-통계량, 동일개체 출현확률, 친자감별 확률 및 유전적 거리지수 등을 MSA, CERVUS, FSTAT, GENEPOP, API-CALC 및 PHYLIP 프로그램 등을 연계적으로 활용하여 추정하였다. Heter- ozygosity 추정치에 근거하여 선발한 11개의 microsatellite(TGLA53, TGLA227, ETH185, TGLA122, BM4305, INRA23, ILSTS013, BMS1747, BM2113, BM2113, BL1009와 ETH3)는 Applied Biosystems사의 StockMakersTM와 비교하여 100배 정도의 동일개체 출현확률이 낮아 한우의 생산이력제 적용에 보다 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 DA 유전적 거리지수와 pairwise-FST 추정치를 활용하여 근접지역의 농장간 근연관계의 정도를 파악할 수 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2016

Background: Prenatal exposure to infectious and/or inflammatory insults can increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorder such as bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia later in life. We investigated whether Valeriana fauriei (VF) treatment alleviates prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and social interaction impairment induced by maternal immune activation (MIA). Methods and Results: Pregnant mice were exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (5 mg/kg, viral infection mimic) on gestational day 9. The adolescent offspring received daily oral treatment with VF (100 mg/kg) and injections of clozapine (5 mg/kg) for 30 days starting on the postnatal day 35. The effects of VF extract treatment on behavioral activity impairment and protein expression were investigated using the PPI analysis, forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and immunohistochemistry. The MIA-induced offspring showed deficits in the PPI, FST, OFT, and SIT compared to their non MIA-induced counterparts. Treatment with the VF extract significantly recovered the sensorimotor gating deficits and partially recovered the aggressive behavior observed in the SIT. The VF extract also reversed the downregulation of protein expression induced by MIA in the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our results provide initial evidence of the fact that the VF extract could reverse MIA-induced behavioral impairment and prevent neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2020

Background: There are many situations where walking in an actual community needs to change direction along with walking on a straight path, and this situation needs to be reflected in assessing walking ability of the community. Therefore, in this study, we tried to determine whether the assessments can distinguish the level of walking in the community. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Fifty-two survivors with chronic stroke have participated in the study. According to the evaluation result of 10mWT, the subjects of 0.8m/s and above were classified as the group who could walk in the community (n=22), and the subjects of 0.4m/s~0.8m/s were classified into the group who could not walk in the community (n=30). Modified Rivermead Mobility Index, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, 10-meter Walk Test (10mWT) were used to evaluate the motor skills. Furthermore, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale was used to evaluate psychological factors, and Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), Figure-of-Eight Walk Test (F8WT), Four Square Step Test (FSST), Step Test (ST) were applied to evaluate dynamic balance and mobility. Results: As a result for distinguishing walking levels in the community, TUG was 14.25 seconds, F8WT was 13.34 seconds, FST was 19.43 seconds, and ST of affected side and non-affected side were 6.5 points and 7.5 points, respectively. TUG (AUC=0.923), F8WT (AUC=0.905), and FST (AUC=0.941) were highly accurate, but the ST of affected side and non-affected side (AUC=0.806, 0.705) showed the accuracy of the median degree, respectively. Conclusion: To distinguish walking levels in the community of survivors with chronic stroke, TUG and FSST have been found to be the best assessment tool, and in particular, FSST could be very valuable in clinical use as the most important assessment tool to distinguish walking levels in the community.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1351-1357
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• 2009

KH-red ginseng/chlorella (KH-RG/C) is the mixed material of the Korean red ginseng powder (Panax ginseng, 75%) and extract of Chlorella vulgaris (25%). To evaluate the effects of KH-RG/C on endurance capacity and immune regulation, the forced swimming test (FST) was conducted. The immobility time in the FST was significantly decreased in KH-RG/C treated group compared with the DW-treated group at the 3 and 10 days, respectively. In the analysis of the blood biochemical parameters, KH-RG/C treatment significantly increased the glucose level. However, the lactic dehydrogenase level decreased. Although KH-RG/C increased aspartate aminotransferase, it was not different significantly. And KH-RG/C had no affects in the alanine aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels. In splenocytes and macrophages, KH-RG/C also did not affect the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-12 production. These results suggest that KH-RG/C may influence to immune regulation through increasing the physical endurance capacity without effect in activation of immune cells.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2009

금강과 만경강에 서식하는 멸종위기어류 감돌고기(Pseudopungtungia nigra)의 유전 다양성 및 집단 구조를 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)를 이용하여 분석하였다. AFLP분석은 5개의 primer 조합에서 447개의 유효밴드가 생성되었으며, 64.1%의 다양성을 보였다 (금강: 74.6%, 만경강: 53.6%). 집단 내 이형접합율은 금강 집단이 0.170, 만경강 집단이 0.104, 유전 다양성 수치는 금강 집단이 0.240, 만경강 집단이 0.147로 나타났다. 감돌고기 두 집단 간 분화도(Fst)는 0.150 수준에서 통계적으로 유의하여(P<0.05), 두 집단 사이에 유전적 분화를 나타내었다. 개체간의 UPGMA dendrogram을 분석한 결과 만경강 집단이 낮은 유전적 변이를 나타내었고, 지리적 지역에 대응하여 나뉘었으며, 두 집단 간 낮은 유전적 거리를 보였다(0.026). 따라서, 두 집단은 동일한 유전적 기원으로 추정되고, 감돌고기의 복원을 위한 친어 집단 선정을 위해서는 금강 집단이 적합하며, 만경강 집단은 유전적 및 서식지의 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.