• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 1994

One hundred and ninety two isolates of Armillaria were obtained from mycelial fans on infected hosts, rhizomorphs, and single basidiospores or trauma tissue of fruiting bodies. Mating tests showed that two of these isolates were A. mellea, eight were A. tabescens, 20 were A. ostoyae, and 162 were A. gallica. Armillaria ostoyae was mainly isolated from Pinus koraiensis and Qurecus spp., A. tabescens from fruiting bodies on Pinus densiflora and Qurecus spp., and A. gallica from many tree species but not Pinus koraiensis. Armillaria mellea, A. gallica, A. ostoyae and A. tabescens showed distinct protein banding patterns. Mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation was good on basal medium with ethanol added. A. gallica and A. mellea formed many rhizomorphs, but A. ostoyae did not. A. gallica showed the best rhizomorph formation on media with tannic acid and ethanol, but a. mellea formed the most rhizomorphs on gallic acid. Rhizomorphs showed monopodial branching for A. gallica and dichotomous branching for A. ostoyae. Fruiting bodies. formed in the laboratory on sawdust media most abundantly by A. tabescens. In nature, fruit body formation by A. tabescens was from early to mid August. A. ostoyae and A. gallica fruit bodies were formed from early August to late October. While there are common names in Korea for A. mellea and A. tabescens, such as mulberry mushroom relative, no common names are available for A. gallica and A. ostoyae. Therefore, we refer to a. gallica as the Gastrodia mushroom because it has been used to produce Gastrodia and A. ostoyae as the Korean pine mushroom because it is frequently found as mushrooms on Korean pine.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2015

The 'Heuktari', a new mid-high temperature adaptable variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture, was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from 'P11056' and 'MT07156'. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of 'Heuktari' was $18{\sim}19^{\circ}C$ on sawdust substrate. In case of bottle cultivation, the period of mycelial growth was required about 30 days. In addition, the period of primordia formation and growth of fruiting body was 4 days and 5 days, respectively. In the characteristics of fruiting body, shape and color of pilei were round type and dark grayish brown, stipe color was white color and stipe shape was short and thick. The yield of fruiting bodies was 180 g/900 ml bottle which was 15% higher than that of Suhan-1ho. The gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 110% and 140% stronger than those of Suhan-1ho, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2018

'Sootari', a new variety of oyster mushroom, was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from 'Suhan' and 'Gonji-7ho'. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium and those for the primordia formation and growth of fruiting body of 'Sootari' were $16{\sim}18^{\circ}C$ on sawdust substrate. In bottle cultivation, mycelial growth required about 25 days. In addition, primordia formation and growth of fruiting body required 4 days each. Regarding characteristics of the fruiting body, the shape and color of pileus were round type and black, respectively, and stipe color and shape were white and short and thin, respectively. The yield of fruiting bodies was $131.3{\pm}26.0g$ per 1,100 mL bottle, which was 2% higher than that of Gonji-7ho.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2002

The optimal conditions for mycelial growth of P. linteus ASI 26011 were 25-30$^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0, respectively. The mycelial growth of P. linteus was excellent on MCM medium. In case of carbon sources, the mycelial growth of P. linteus was best on the culture media that were contained with sucrose, mannose and glucose. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate were good for the mycelial growth of P. linteus as a nitrogen source. For comparison of the mycelial colonization of P. linteus on logs, several techniques of inoculation were tested; the sterilized short log inoculation, drilling inoculation and log-end sandwich inoculation. The mycelial colonization of P. linteus on logs was good in the treatment of sterilized short log inoculation, but poor in the traditional methods such as drilling inoculation and log-end sandwich. The initial mycelial growth and the full mycelial colonization of P. linteus were the best on 20 cm logs under the condition of 42% of moisture content in log. Also the initial mycelial growth of P. linteus was accelerated over 12 hours of sterilization. Burying method of logs after 5-6 months of incubation was the best for formation of basidiocarp of P. linteus. The formation of fruiting body of P. linteus was quite good in the cultivation house at the 31-35$^{\circ}C$ and over 96% of relative humidity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2020

To study the fairy ring and genet characteristics of Suillus bovinus based on thinning intensity in Pinus densiflora forests, a simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis was performed on the fruiting bodies of the plant. In pine wood production forests, the thinning strengths applied were 34%, 45%, and 60%. As a result, the number of fruiting bodies in the 34% treatment area was 104, which was higher than that in the other treatment areas. In the 34% treatment area, fruiting bodies occurred in a circular shape, within a diameter of approximately 5 meters (m) of the trees. In the 45% treatment area, the fruiting bodies were randomly distributed between 6 to 7 m from the trees, while in the 60% treatment, fruiting bodies occurred in a narrow oval shape, 6 m from the trees. In the control area, two fruiting bodies were present around the root collar. Hybridity was confirmed in the SSR markers of Sb-CA1 and Sb-CA3. The fruiting bodies in the 34% treatment area had a He / Ho value lower than that in the 60% treatment area. In fruiting bodies of the 34% treatment area, a total of 20 genets were identified, with an average size of 14±11 ㎡; 60% of genets were formed by a single fruiting body. In fruiting bodies of the 45% treatment area, a total of 6 genets were identified and the average size was 11±12 ㎡; 50% of genets were formed by a single fruiting body. In fruiting bodies of the 60% treatment area, a total of 10 genets were identified, with an average size of 1.1±0.8 ㎡; 70% of genets were formed by a single fruiting body. Thus, the formation ratio of a new genet increases when the thinning intensity is increased.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop the best medium of new oyster mushroom for bottle culture. The new oyster mushroom cv. Miso is a Pleurotus ostreatus developed at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. For the bottle culture media, poplar sawdust+beet pulp+cottonseed meal (5:3:2), poplar sawdust+wheat husk meal (8:2), poplar sawdust+beet pulp+cottonseed meal (6:2:2), poplar sawdust+beet pulp+cottonseed meal (4:4:2), and poplar sawdust+beet pulp+wheat husk meal (7:1:2) were used in 850cc PP bottle. The pH was 5~6 and the C/N ratio 19.7~28.3 in bottle culture media. The time of pinhead formation was 5 to 6 days. For the fruiting body formation after inoculation took 29~31 days. The yield of fruiting body of poplar sawdust+beet pulp+wheat husk meal (7:1:2) medium was the highest at 110.4g/bottle compared to other media. Therefore, such cultivation medium would be appropriate for the commercial production of bottle culture in the new oyster mushroom 'Miso'.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

The genets of Suillus granulatus in a Pinus strobus stand ($13m{\times}60m$) were identified using random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers and the DNA of mushrooms that fruited for two years, and variations in genet size and distribution were analyzed. From a total of 116 mushrooms, 73 genets were identified and were grouped into three locations. The genets of mushrooms in close proximity differed from each other. The genet sizes varied at any of the three locations. The lengths of the identified genets in the pine stand ranged from 0.09 to 2.90 m. The average number of mushrooms per genet was 1.2 to 2.3, and the percentage of genets that were represented by a single mushroom was 44% to 94%. This variation in the genets of mushrooms in close proximity suggests that the ectomycorrhizal mycelial bodies of S. granulatus propagated sexually by fusing haploid spores derived from the mushrooms gills with below-ground mycelia. Therefore, it is necessary further to investigate the formation of new genets through spores in ectomycorrhizal fungal colonies.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.86-89
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• 2018

To develop Grifola frondosa as a new commercial product, we investigated the optimal primordium formation method for bottle cultivation. Primordium formation was initiated on the sixth day in all treatments, but in the T7 treatment, which consisted of removing old spawn and turning the bottle upside-down, was initiated on the ninth day. The ratio of primordium formation was at its highest value, 98.9%, in T3 and T7. Among the treatments, T7 produced the highest quality fruiting bodies and a mushroom yield of 112.8 g in each 850 mL bottle, but its crop cycle time was somewhat longer than those of the other treatments. These results indicate that appropriate methods for primordium formation in bottle culture could enhance mushroom quality and productivity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 2021

Tricholoma matsutake is commercially important wild edible mushroom. The only method for cultivation of T. matsutake has been to use matsutake-infected pine trees. In this study, twenty-one fruiting bodies were collected from the matsutake-infected pine trees in the Hongcheon experimental site in 2020. The fruiting bodies from the existing production area of matsutake-infected pine tree and from its transplantation site were found to be identical through monitoring and analysis of 13 microsatellite markers. Transplanted matsutake-infected pine trees succeeded in fairy-ring formation and matsutake fruiting in 2010 and 2017 to 2020. In conclusion, the matsutake mycelium of transplanted matsutake-infected pine tree originates from the existing matsutake-infected pine tree production.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2008

Various bacteria were isolated from the casing layer soil of the culture bed of P. ostreatus and their role in fruiting body induction of the edible mushroom, P. ostreatus, was investigated. Analysis of the bacterial community isolated from the casing layer soil revealed that the composition of genera and number of cultivable bacteria were different for each sterilizing treatment. Bordetella was predominant in the bulk soil whereas Flavobacterium was predominant after sterilization of the casing layer soil. Fluorescent Pseudomonas was predominant in the non-sterilized casing layer soil. Total number of the bacterial genera in the casing layer soil was higher than that in the bulk soil. In particular, an increase in the fluorescent Pseudomonas population was observed in the non-sterilized casing layer accompanied by induction of fruiting body and enhanced mushroom production yield. The results suggested that specific bacterial populations in the casing layer play an important role in the formation of primodia and the development of basidiome in P. ostreatus.