• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics and cultural conditions for artificial fruiting body(synnemata) production of Paecilomyces japonica. In the morphological characteristics of P. japonica, the size of it's conidia was ranged from $5.0{\sim}1.5\;to\;7.9{\sim}2.4\;{\mu}m$. The artificial fruiting body showed yellow in color, shape was confirmed ellipsoidal or obovoid type, and the length was $50.6{\sim}104.5\;mm$. The mycelial growth on the PDA medium treated with pH7, at $25^{\circ}C$ was superior to that of other treatments. The formation period of an artificial fruiting body of P. japonica treated with polypropylene and glass bottle culture was 30 days and 50 days, respectively. The length and number of fruiting body was longer and higher in the polypropylene bottle culture than those of the glass bottle culture. As the results, the artificial fruiting body production in the polypropylene bottle increased 1.2g per bottle compared to that of the glass bottle. It also increased in $100{\sim}400\;lx$ illumination, whereas the elongation of synnemata, pinheading and fruiting body growth were inhibited by continuous use of 900 lx illumination. The results of these experiment indicated that fruiting body formation seemed to be lower as the light intensity increased. The fruiting body formation was also dependent on the light color. There was a higher incidence in red color light and fluorescent light treatment than that of incandescent and blue color light. The fruiting body of the naked barley medium had so much better growth compared to other media that it would be able to use for it's production. The growth of fruiting body was affected by $CO_2$ concentration. It increased after putting the lid on the bottle.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2000

Culture maturity assessment can be used to control fruiting body flush timing. Culture maturity of sawdust-based substrate was evaluated by using oak mushroom, (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler). The influence of substrate water potential (${\psi}$) on the growth and fruiting of three genotypes of L. edodes was also investigated. Glucosamine content revealed a peak at the fruiting body senescent stage. Glucosamine increased steadily to the sporophore senescent stage, and sharply declined at crop treatment. Lipid phosphate and ergosterol contents peaked at pinning and button break stages, respectively. Therefore lipid phosphate and ergosterol contents would be considered as the convenient measurement for judging culture maturity and fruiting potentials. The substrate pH values before inoculation and on the fruiting stage were varied from 6.3 to 4.0. This pH changes were detected as changes in color from bluish purple to yellow by direct bromphenol blue(BPB) spraying, and shown a good correlation with fruit body yield of the 1 st flush. Concerning water potential of the cultures, a slight reduction of water potential, -0.5MPa, stimulated mycelial and colony growths on liquid, agar and sawdust-based substrates. The water potential of well-colonized matured substrate was -0.7MPa and -4.0MPa, before and after the fruiting, respectively. Excellent water providing capacity (higher ${\psi}$) is expected to well-matured cultures with a high density of mycelial colonization. Also, the substrate water potential significantly affected by the interaction between genotypes and spawn run time.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1986

A total number of 916 fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karsten grown naturally in Korea were collected to investigate the morphological characters and some other useful characters related to the quality of the fungus and the results obtained are summarized as follows; The host tree showing the highest parasitic rate by the Genoderma lucidum(Fr.) Karsten was oak tree and the parasitic rate of the tree was 86.2%. The order of parasitic rate of the host trees by the fungus next to the oak was peach, chestnut, persimmon and acasia. The size, shape and color of fruiting bodies were varied according to the host trees. The average size of fruiting bodies collected was 40 to 100 mm by 30 to 80mm. The fruiting bodies with pileus size of 60 by 45 mm, pileus thickness of over 10mm, pileus minor axis/stipe length ratio of over 0.65 and pileus thickness/pileus minor axis ratio of over 0.22 were considered having higher commerical values. The external shape of the fruiting body was very important criterion to evaluate the quality of the Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karsten. A great variation in characters such as pileus shape, color, marginal shape, zonation of pileus, pileus thickness, poroid layer of fruiting bodies and shape of stipe were observed from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum collected in Korea. Further studies will be necessary for the genetic nature of these characters.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of various agricultural by-products as basal substrates for the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation of Hericium erinaceum. For this aim, oak sawdust, cotton waste, sugarcane bagasse, Job's tears, rice hull, Chinese cabbage, and coconut waste were used as sole or mixed substrate(s). Corn waste and rice bran were used as nutrient supplements. The growth and density of mycelium, yield of fruiting body, and biological efficiency were compared among tested substrates colonized by Hericium erinaceum. The best measurement of mycelial growth and density, yield of fruiting body, and biological efficiency in a laboratory test was found in a spawn substrate composed with oak sawdust 80% and rice bran 20%. The suitability of this spawn substrate composition for Hericium fruiting body production was testified through practical tests in plastic bottles (850 ml) in a mushroom farm which had bottle cultivation facility. However, test in a mushroom farm which had plastic bag cultivation facility, best production of Hericium fruiting body (520 g per one bag) was observed in a spawn substrate composed of cotton waste 40%, saw dust 40%, corn waste 10%, and rice bran 10%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2003

This study was conducted to established method of culture for Paecilomyces japonica using an egg. Mycelia grew favorably at the temperature of 22～26$^{\circ}C$ on eggs. 5.1g of dry matter basis(average 7.2cm of longer and 199.6 of numbers) of artificial fruiting bodies were harvested at 60 days after inoculation from one of egg. Commercial fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces japonica from silkworms was used for comparative nutriental contents. Cordycepin contents of fruit bodies of Paecilomyces japonica cultivated on eggs and silkworms were not significantly different. Crude fat contents of fruiting bodies of Paeilomyces japonica cultivated from eggs was significantly higher than from silkworms(P<0.05). Mn and Cu contents of fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces japonica cultivated from silkworms were significantly higher than from eggs(P<0.05), but Na, Mg, Fe and Zn contents were significantly higher from eggs(P<0.05). Glycine, Arginine and Proline contents in the fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces japonica cultivated from silkworms were tend to higher than from eggs, but Serine, cystein. methionine, isoleucine and phenylalanin were tend to higher from eggs. These results were made possible that possible mass production of artificial fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces Japonica cultivated on eggs.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the effect of raising seedling at Hallasan area of sub-alpine (altitude of 600m above sea level) to improve fruiting.ate of Squash (Cucurbita maxima) in retarding culture. 'Ebis' cultivar was seeded in plug tray of 32 cells and the seedlings were grown for 25 days. They were transplanted on August 26, 2004, following L-stem training method under rain-shielding condition. Seedling height, number of nodes and leaf area were higher in lowland than in sub-alpine area. T/R ratio of seedling in sub-alpine was much lower as compared with that in the lowland. The first fruiting was on the 19th node in sub-alpine area, and on the 26th node in the lowland area(control). The succeeding fruiting nodes were lower by 3 to 5 node than those of control. Fruiting rate of second flower was improved by 17.2% compared with the 1.4% in control. The marketable yield was increased by 27% by raising seedling in sub-alpine area (4,460 kg/10a). This also brought out 20% labour saving effect. The environmental condition for raising seedling in the sub-alpine area of Hallasan was effective for the improvement of Squash (Cucurbita maxima) fruiting rate compared with lowland area.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2004

The main objectives of this study were to fruit body of Phellinus linteus using liquid spawn. Highest mycelial growth and in vitro fruiting was observed when $180m{\ell}$ of water was added to 200g of brown rice in $1000m{\ell}$ PP bottle. Optimum inoculum amount was 100ml per bottle. Better mycelial growth and fruiting were observed when the amount of brown rice was lowered. For timber log culture of P. linteus, low contamination was observed when logs were sterilized for as low as 60 mins. But, best mycelial growth was observed when the logs were sterilized for 120mins. Among different log types, highest mycelial growth and fruiting were observed in oak and mulberry. Only few fruiting could be observed in birch, chestnut, alder, while no fruiting was produced in Aspen. Best fruiting was produced from isolate PH-211, although other isolates also produced few fruiting.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to find out the optimum number of fruiting per a flower cluster on 5 domestic strawberry cultivars (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duch.), 'Daewang', 'Ssanta', 'Okmae', 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang'. Therefore, three ways of fruit thinning, 4~5 fruiting, 7~9 fruiting and all fruiting per a flower cluster were compared. After fruit thinning, the first fruit weights were increased from the second flower cluster on 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', but from the third one on 'Daewang' and 'Ssanta'. There was no difference in first fruit weight by the flower thinning ways on 'Okmae'. The mean fruit weights of all the cultivars were increased and sugar contents also were increased, but acidities were decreased. The peduncle lengths were shortened by fruit thinning, but there was no difference in number of leaf, petiole length and crown diameter. Marketable yields by 4~5 fruiting per a flower cluster than all the fruit setting were higher 4.3% and 6.6% respectively on 'Daewang' and 'Maehyang'. In contrast, the yields were higher 3.1%, 3.5% and 9.1% in 7~9 fruiting per a flower cluster than all fruiting on 'Ssanta', 'Okmae' and 'Seolhyang' respectively. As the result, we could improve the fruit quality and could increase marketable yield by fruit thinning with matching flowering characteristics of those strawberry cultivars.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

The fruiting body of honey mushroom, Armillaria gallica, was collected from Gastrodia elata cultivated fields. Pure cultures were isolated from fruiting body tissue of the mushrooms, and cultured on MCM (mushroom complete medium) or PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Then, 12 different types of mycelial growth characteristics such as growth rate, colony morphology and rhizomorph formation were obtained. The vitality of the mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation of the fruiting body culture isolates were better on MCM than PDA, suggesting that the optimal culture medium for A. gallica mycelia was MCM. To observe the feature of colony morphology, the subculture of isolates were incubated on MCM. Consequently, we could find the segregated or differentiated colony morphology from isolate type 11 that was similar morphology to isolate type 12. For phylogenetic analysis of the 12 isolates, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were performed. The isolate type 12 was not only shown different band patterns of RAPD variation in other 11 isolates, but also commercial strain known as Chunmagyun No. 1. Among the tissue culture isolates of fruiting, strains with better mycelial growth characteristics than Chunmagyun No. 1 were selected. We expect that the new strain can be substituted to commercial strain Chunmagyun No. 1.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 2001

Effects of photoperiods, 24L or 24D, on the growth of the silkworm-dongchunghacho, the silkworm vegetable wasp and plant worm, were investigated. Exposure of the fungi under the photoperiod of 24L for at least 3 days during the cultivation of the fungi after the completion of endosclerotium in the host accelerated the spore formations but the growth of the fruiting bodies was inhibited. On the contrary, the photoperiod of 24D inhibited the spore formation, but accelerated the growth of fruiting bodies without spores. Accordingly, to produce silkworm vegetable wasp and plant worm of large-size fruiting bodies with over 3 cm in length, it is indicated that recommendable light condition is a photoperiod of 24D during the cultivation until the length of the fruiting body arrives at over 3 cm.