• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2016

As the survey results of cultivation area, farmhouse, yield and income to clarify the effect of PO Film on Korean melon industry in Seongju region, the covering areas of PE film of Korea, Kyungsangbuk-do and Seongju-gun in 2014 were decreased 91.5%, 94.9% and 95.2% as to 2010. In contrary, the covering areas of PO film of Korea, Kyungsangbuk-do and Seongju-gun in 2014 were increased 342.5%, 500% and 825% as to 2010. The cultivation area and farmhouse in 2015 were decreased 8.8% and 11.9% than those in 2010. The yield and production in 2015 were 38.2% and 25.9% increased han those in 2010. The gross and net income in 2015 were 1.3 and 2.7 times increased than those in 2010. Finally, to change as PO film, the productivity will be increased. And cleaning work and noxious materials discharge will be decreased.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2011

Light wavelength is the major factor of fruit body development associated with mushroom cultivation, but its wavelength range in Pleurotus eryngii is poorly understood. Using four kinds of light emitting diode (LED) including blue (475 nm), green (525 nm), yellowed (590 nm) and red (660 nm), we investigated to elucidate suitable light wavelength during primordium formation and fruit body development of P. eryngii on bottle cultivation. Primordia formation did not occur in blue light and red light. The morphological properties of fruit body in fluorescent lamp and blue light irradiation were showed thicker and larger pileus than those in other LEDs. However, length of stipe in fluorescent lamp and blue light was shorter than that of other LEDs. The DPPH radical was high in blue light, green light, and yellow light except for red light, and the polyphenol was high in four kinds of LED sources. And ergosterol was the highest in the green light. Thus, the high-quality mushroom production of P. eryngii is possible to green light condition considering productivity and functional materials.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.825-830
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• 2022

"Doha" is a new strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) variety, which was released by the Highland Agriculture Research Institute in 2021. The "Doha" variety originates from a 2014 cross between "Saebong No. 3" and "Yeolha," both of which exhibited excellent ever-bearing characteristics, including continuous flowering and large fruits under long-day and high temperature conditions. This new cultivar was initially named "Saebong No. 13" after examining its characteristics and productivity during summer cultivation between 2015 and 2018. After regional adaptability tests, "Doha" was selected from "Saebong No. 13" as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of "Doha" include spreading, elliptic leaves, and strong growth. The fruits are long and conical and of a red color. The plant height of "Doha" was similar to that of "Goha," but the number of leaves was lower. The number of flower clusters of "Doha" was 8.6, which was 2.8 fewer than that of the control variety, "Goha," with 11.4. The average fruit weight of "Doha" was 13.9 g, which was 4.9 g heavier than that of "Goha." The fruit hardness of "Doha" was 35.5 g·mm^-2, which was 9.4 g·mm^-2 harder than that of "Goha." The marketable yield of "Doha" was 26,971 kg·ha^-1, 125% more than that of "Goha" with 21,479 kg·ha^-1. The findings of this study suggest that "Doha" is a hard fruit and high-yielding variety of ever-bearing strawberries that could increase farming income when distributing to farmers.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2006

When apples are picked or selected by grader, the rate of wound occurrence on the skin by apple stalk is remarkably high if the apple was bigger than 3 size during the harvest time. Except this case, the other sizes showed very little similarity. The crop of apple per 1 minute was 2.9kg without cutting fruit stalk, whereas only 1.1kg of the apples were obtained due to cutting the fruit stalk. Thereby, the harvesting without cutting fruit stalk is highly effective in terms of productivity rather than cutting the fruit stalk. As far as the wound occurrence rate on apple skin by apple stalk of distance between grader's dish and accumulated board is concerned, the grader which has no distance showed quite low rate of wound occurrence compared with those grader with 3cm or 8cm distance. When the apple was being stored, there was no difference in firmness between the cut stalk apple and the uncut stalked apple, however there was slightly more weight loss in the cut stalk apple than uncut stalk apple.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

The present study conducted a comparison on tree growth and productivity of high-density apple orchards by several orchard management systems: making scaffolds by heading-back and thinning out pruning (T-1), maintaining scaffolds upward and bearing shoots downward (T-2), managing branches slightly upward without heading-back (T-3), keeping leaders downward and shoots pending (T-4), maintaining leaders high and branches horizontal with severe pinching (T-5), making leaders with lower branches vigorous and upper shoots pending (T-6), and controlling very high planting density with bending branches (T-7). In conclusion, the orchards of (T-5) and (T-6) management systems showed a superior performance in controlling tree growth, productivity, and quality of fruits. Also, superior management efficiency was obtained in the orchards of (T-5) and (T-6).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effect of tree height on light transmission, spray penetration, tree growth performance, fruit quality attributes, and labor productivity in the slender-spindle system of 'Hongro'/M.9 apple trees. With increasing tree height, the light penetration into the internal parts of the canopy decreased, especially in the lower canopy. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increasing tree height, thereby leading to a reduction in the extent of spray penetration into the interior of the canopy. With increasing tree height, shoot growth was more vigorous but produced slender shoots in the upper canopy compared to the lower canopy. Although the soluble solid content and coloration of fruit decreased, there was no difference in fruit firmness and acidity. In addition, the number of final fruit set increased, although the production of large fruit (> 305 g) decreased. The increase in tree height also significantly increased the labor required for practices such as thinning of flowers and fruits, pruning, and harvesting. Nevertheless, this problem of increased in labor input in taller trees would was eased by use of a mechanical lift. Utilizing a lift for thinning the flowers of trees 4.5 m in height saved 14.6 min per tree, compared to the use of ladder. Therefore, it is highly considerable that in order to enhance light transmission and fruit coloration, light conditions should be improved in the internal tree canopy of slender-spindle systems.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2008

Studies were processed to confirm the differences of productivity according to sawdust size and effect of additives for sawdust cultivation of shiitake. In results of investigation until shiitake mycelia fully spread on surface of sawdust medium, mycelial growth in treatment of sawdust size $3{\sim}5\;mm$ with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, and treatment of sawdust sizw $3{\sim}5\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was the fastest. And, in investigation of rate of weight reduction, treatment of sawdust size below 1 mm without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was the highest. The tendency of fruiting was somewhat different according to treatments. In case of sawdust size below 1 mm with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, yield produced from 1st to 2nd flushing period was over 80%. However, in case of sawdust size below 1 mm plus $5{\sim}7\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, yield produced from 3rd to 4th flushing period was more than it from 1st to 2nd flushing period and rate of yield produced from 1st to 2nd flushing period to total yield was 34%. Results of investigation on productivity, yield and the number of fruit-bodies were remarkably different according to treatments. Sawdust size $3{\sim}5\;mm$ with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, whose total yield and the number of fruit-bodies were 568 g and 67, respectively, was the highest. And, total yield of medium of sawdust size below 1 mm plus $2{\sim}3\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was lowest as 227 g and the number of fruit-bodies of medium of sawdust size below 1 mm plus $5{\sim}7\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was lowest as 24. In investigation on amount of fruit-bodies over 10 g, medium of sawdust size $3{\sim}5\;mm$ with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was highest as 397 g.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.587-602
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• 2011

Improved efficiency in the use of natural resources, pragmatic production systems and environmental sustainability, justified by the need for improved land use systems and increased productivity, are discussed in the context of Asian integrated systems, diversification, and issues of sustainability. The importance of these are reflected by serious inadequate animal protein production throughout Asia, where available supplies cannot match current and projected human requirements up to 2050. Among the ruminant production systems, integrated tree crops-ruminant production systems are grossly underestimated and merit emphasis and expansion. As an example, integrated oil palm- based system is an important pathway for integration with ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep), and provides the entry point for development. The importance and benefits of integrated systems are discussed, involving animals with annual and perennial tree crops, integration with aquaculture, the significance of crop-animal interactions, stratification of the systems, production options, improved use of forages and legumes, potential for enhanced productivity, implications for improved livelihoods of the rural poor and the stability of farm households. The advances in research and development in South East Asia highlight demonstrable increased productivity from animals and meat offtakes, value addition to the oil palm crop, sustainable development, and distinct economic impacts. The results from 12 out of a total of 24 case studies concerning oil palm over the past three decades showed increased yield of 0.49-3.52 mt of fresh fruit bunches (FFB)/ha/yr; increased income by about 30%; savings in weeding costs by 47- 60% equivalent to 21-62 RM/ha/yr; and an internal rate of return of 19% based on actual field data. The results provide important socio-economic benefits for resource-poor small farmers. Potential increased offtakes and additional income exist with the integration of goats. Additionally, the potential for carbon sequestration with tree crops is an advantage. The reasons for low adoption of the syatems are poor awareness of the potential of integrated systems, resistance by the crop- oriented plantation sector, and inadequate technology application. Promoting wider expansion and adoption of the systems in the future is linked directly with coherent policy, institutional commitment, increased investments, private sector involvement, and a stimulus package of incentives.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1002-1008
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• 2011

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Schizandra chinensis fruit and Morus alba leaf on insulin expression in HIT-T15 cells, which is exposed by glucose. The total polyphenol contents of the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and the M. alba leaf hot-water extract were $20.11{\pm}0.35$ mg/g and $50.02{\pm}0.62$ mg/mL, respectively. The S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and the M. alba leaf hot-water extract contained $2.85{\pm}0.15$ and $8.76{\pm}0.43$ mg/g flavonoids, respectively. The antioxidant ability of the M. alba leaf hot-water extract was found to be superior to that of the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract. Compared to the HIT-T15-treated 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the $100{\mu}g/mL$ S. chinensis ethanol extract was found to have a two fold increase in insulin productivity. Moreover, the $100{\mu}g/mL$ M. alba leaf hot-water extract promoted the insulin secretion of high-glucose-damaged HIT-T15 almost ten fold. The above results showed that the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and M. alba leaf hot-water extract may improve the insulin productivity of the beta cell with glucose-induced oxidative damage. These data suggest that the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and the M. alba leaf hot-water extract can be used as food materials for the regulation of insulin secretion.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stem number on plant growth, fruit quality, and yield of sweet peppers grown in greenhouses under supplemental lighting in winter. The seedlings were transplanted at 3.2 plants·m^-2 on October 26, 2020, and started supplemental lighting with 32 high pressure sodium lamps for 16-hour photoperiod from December 1, 2020 to May 25, 2021. Stems were differently trained with 2 and 3 numbers after branching nodes were developed. In the final harvest, the plant height was significantly shorter in the 3 stem-plants than in the 2 stem-plants. The number of nodes per stem and the leaves per plant were increased in the 3 stem-plants than in the 2 stem-plants, while the leaf area was less affected. There were no significant differences in the dry mass of leaves, stems, and immature fruits between the 2 and 3 stem-plants. The fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight in the 3 stem-plants were decreased by 17% and 12% at 156 days after transplanting (DAT), and by 17% and 15% at 198 DAT compared to those in the 2 stem-plants, respectively. The marketable fruit rates were 93.6% and 95.4% in the 2 and 3 stem-plants, respectively. The total fruit yield in the 3 stem-plants was increased by 30.2% as compared to that in the 2 stem-plants. We concluded that the 3-stem-training cultivation positively affected the total fruit yield by sustaining adaptive vegetative growth of the plants. This result will help producers make useful decisions for increasing productivity of sweet peppers in greenhouses.