• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.907-912
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• 1999

In this study, removal effect of residue pesticides on vegetable and fruit using organic acid salt in alkali solution were investigated by gas chromatography and measurement of detergency. Generally, for the removal methods of residue pesticides and oily pollution were used chemical detergent or organic solvent. Specially, in our experiment, we only used material of food additives and trisodium citrate were superior to other organic acid salt. It was investigated that removal effect of pesticides was superior to chemical detergent.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects and molecular mechanisms of the Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SC) and its major compound gomisin A (GA), on the contractility of rabbit penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (PCCSM). MATERIALS/METHODS: PCCSM was exposed to SC or GA after appropriate pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blocker, guanylate cyclase blocker, adenylyl cyclase blocker or protein kinase A blocker. Subsequently, we evaluated the cyclic nucleotide in the perfusate by radioimmunoassay, protein expression level of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) by western blot, and the interaction of SC or GA with udenafil and rolipram. RESULTS: Both SC and GA induce PCCSM relaxations in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NOS blocker, guanylate cyclase blocker, adenylyl cyclase blocker or protein kinase A blocker result in significantly decreased relaxation. SC and GA also induce the levels of cyclic nucleotide in the perfusate in a concentration-dependent manner. Perfusion with GA also showed significantly higher levels of eNOS protein. Furthermore, the udenafil and rolipram induced relaxations of PCCSM were enhanced after exposure to SC and GA. Our results indicate that SC and GA induce the relaxation of PCCSM via the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP and cAMP signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The SC and GA are potential alternative treatments for men who want to consume natural products to ameliorate erectile function, or who do not respond to the commercially available medicines.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of food intake among Korean college students of a nutrition education course through the internet. Subjects were 796 nation-wide college students (male 278, female 518). A dietary survey collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Diet variety was assessed by DDS (dietary diversity score), MBS (meal balance score), and DVS (dietary variety score). The foods consumed in largest amounts were rice (54.42 g), citrus fruit (36.41 g) and milk (30.91 g). The foods consumed most frequently were rice (65.28%), garlic (63.65%) and salt (63.64%). The average food intake was 1325.3 g (male 1420.6 g, female 1274.1 g), with vegetable and animal food comprising 78.5% and 21.5% of total food intake, respectively. The consumption of the major five food groups comprised DDS, and 66.0% (male 56.1%, female 71.3%) of subjects had a DDS of 5 and 27.4% (male 33.5%, female 24.1%) of subjects had a DDS of 4..Groups most frequently missed were dairy products (56.5%) and fruits (41.6%). The average of MBS were 10.88 (11.61 in Seoul, 11.03 in Kyungsang, 10.88 in Chungcheong, 10.85 in Incheon, 10.57 in Kyunggi) in male and 11.08 (11.47 in Kyungsang, 11.20 in Seoul, 11.18 in Kyunggi, 10.82 in Chungcheong, 10.64 in Incheon) in female. Male students in Seoul (18.2) and female students in Kyungsang (18.6) had the greater number of consumed food items. Subjects who had higher DDS had significantly higher DVS (p < 0.001). Based on these results, the food intake of the subjects regarded as not adequate, especially with regards to the dairy and fruit groups. Considering their nutritional characteristics, dietary guidelines as well as education should be made to improve the food intake and include various foods in their diet.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2020

In the operation of farms, it is very important to evaluate the quality of harvested crops and to classify defective products. However, farmers have difficulty coping with the cost and time required for quality assessment due to insufficient capital and manpower. This study thus aims to detect defects by analyzing the epidermis of fruit using deep learning algorithm. We developed a model that can analyze the epidermis by applying YOLOv3 algorithm based on Region Convolutional Neural Network to video images of peach. A total of four classes were selected and trained. Through 97,600 epochs, a high performance detection model was obtained. The crop failure detection model proposed in this study can be used to automate the process of data collection, quality evaluation through analyzed data, and defect detection. In particular, we have developed an analytical model for peach, which is the most vulnerable to external wounds among crops, so it is expected to be applicable to other crops in farming.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

The water-soluble or ethanol-soluble materials extracted from fruit bodies and cultured products (mycelium and broth) of H. erinaceum were prepared, and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity from Electrophorous electricus was investigated. Inhibition of 75-85% for AChE activity at concentration of 10 mg/ml was obtained and the mechanism was due to general non-competitive inhibition. Especially, the supernatant of culture broth by ethanol treatment, exhibited a strong inhibition activity of 94% at 10 mg/ml. The samples from fruit body, mycelium and broth (supernatant and precipitate by ethanol treatment) which were extracted from H. erinaceum, were very effective to inhibit the initial stage oxidation of a linoleic acid at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. The antioxidative activity of these samples were superior than rutin, vitamin C and tocopherol as antioxidative standards by FTC (ferric thiocyanate) method, and also showed the very strong antioxidative activity of 95% without significant difference of the samples by TBA-RS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.152-155
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• 2009

The old-gold-crimson ($og^c$) fruit color mutation produces deep red tomato fruit with high lycopene content. age is a null mutation allele of lycopene-${\beta}$-cyclase (Crt-b) gene (B locus) that converts lycopene to ${\beta}$-carotene in the cartenoid biosynthesis pathway in tomato. Breeding of high lycopene tomato cultivars can be accelerated by marker-assisted selection (MAS) for introgression of $og^c$ allele by using a gene-based DNA marker. In order to develop a marker, single nucleotide deletion of adenine(A) with. in a poly-A repeat that has been known to be responsible for frame-shift mutation of $og^c$ was confirmed by resequencing mutant allele and wild-type allele at B locus of several tomato lines. For allele discrimination and detection of $og^c$, derived CAPS (dCAPS) approach was used by designing a primer that artificially introduced restriction enzyme recognition site of Hin fI in PCR products from $og^c$ allele. This dCAPS marker is co-dominant gene-based PCR marker that can be efficiently used for MAS breeding program aiming the development of high lycopene tomato.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2012

The monitoring of pesticide residues was performed on 33 fruit commodities collected in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from 2006 to 2010. Pesticide residues were detected in 431 samples (16.8%) of total 2,558 samples and violated in 12 samples (0.5%). Annual detection rate showed 6.9%~19.4% with the rate of violation of 0.3%~0.9%. Twenty three samples (69.7%) of 33 commodities were detected and 4 samples (12.1%) were violated. Eight pesticides (EPN, dicofol, carbaryl, procymidone, methidathion, prothiofos, fenitrothion and phenthoate) were violated and 62 pesticides were detected. Chloropyrifos was detected most frequently. The rate of detection and violation of citrus fruits in fruits showed the highest level. Organophosphorus pesticides (35%) and insecticide (57%) were detected most frequently. The hazard index (%ADI) of chronic dietary risk assessment by deterministic approach showed that the lower limit value and upper limit value for the whole population were 0.0000~0.7526 and 0.0000~1.3237 respectively. For the only consumer group, the lower limit value and upper limit value were 0.0006~9.7801 and 0.0058~15.9258 respectively. Therefore the hazard index for the whole population and the only consumer group were evaluated as a safe level.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.352-360
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• 2007

Several nutrients are known to affect bone mineral density (BMD). However, these nutrients are combined with food intake and dietary patterns and little is known about the association of dietary patterns and BMD. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with BMD in Korea Genome Epidemiology Study subjects. Among 2,884 women (40-69 yr) recruited at baseline study (2001), 861 subjects with BMD measurements at baseline and a 4-year follow up study (2005) completed the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. BMD was measured by the Quantitative Ultrasound method. One hundred three food items were combined into 17 food groups and 4 dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Cluster analysis using factor score classified each subject into one of three dietary pattern groups named 'Rice and kimchi eating' (n = 617), 'Contented eating' (n = 124), and 'Healthy and light eating' (n = 120). The 'Healthy and light eating' group, characterized by higher intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, and younger age, more exercise, higher education, and higher income than other groups. The tibia BMD of the 'Healthy and light eating' group was higher than the other groups after adjusting for the age. After the adjustment for the age BMI and exercise, the 'Healthy and light eating' group showed significantly lower odds of tibia osteopenia/osteoporosis risk compared to the 'Rice and kimchi eating' group both at the baseline [OR(95% CI) : 0.50(0.30-0.84)] and follow-up [OR(95% CI) : 0.59(0.36-0.97)] examinations. The dietary pattern with low calorie and high intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products may have beneficial effects on BMD in middle-aged women.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.445-449
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• 2008

The total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of grape and fruit juice products in the Korean market were examined The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and antioxidant activities were evaluated by FRAP and DPPH assays. The total phenolic content of the grape juice products were within the range $57.95{\sim}205.64\;mg/L$. Orange juice had the strongest antioxidant activity, apple juice the weakest, and grape juice was intermediate. Grape juice products exhibited a wide range of antioxidant activities. Especially, GU4, GU5, and GU9 exhibited about 80% of the DPPH radical scavenging activities, similar to the antioxidant activities by the FRAP assay. The antioxidant activities by FRAP and DPPH assays were well correlated with the total phenolic content of grape juice products (> 0.97).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the menu of meal boxes delivered to low-income children during summer vacation. Out of 114 questionnaires distributed nationwide concerning lunch menus during summer vacation of 2008, 51 (44.7% response rate) were returned. A total of 170 daily lunch menus consisting of 5 day menus from 34 organizations (29.8% analysis rate) were analyzed after excluding 16 organizations that delivered side dishes only and one organization that provided menus of less than 5 days. The mean numbers of dishes and food items in the menus were five and eight, respectively. Over two-thirds (67.1%) of the lunch box menus included only three food groups: grain, meat and vegetable. Only 2% of the menus included all five food groups, grain, meat, vegetable, fruit, and dairy products. In general, the menus tended to lack fruits and dairy products; the percentages of the menus not including fruits and dairy products reached 89% and 77%, respectively. The average number of dishes, distribution of food group patterns, and average dietary diversity scores of the menus were significantly different according to reimbursement rate. The organizations receiving reimbursement of 3,500 won were more likely to include diverse food groups than those receiving 3,000 won although most of the menus were not proper in terms of food diversity anyway. These results suggest that lunch box menus for low-income children can be improved, in particular, by including more diverse food groups.