• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.823-828
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• 1998

명태 actomyosin 용액에 대한 옥수수전분 가수분해물의 동결 보호 효과는 전기영동상 패턴, 용해도 및 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase 활성 변화로 알아보았다. 먼저 전기영동상 패턴에서 0일차와 저장 30일차를 비교하였을 때, control의 경우 저장온도에 관계없이 각 band들의 변화가 수반되었고, 특히 MHC의 변화가 두드러졌다. Sucrose 첨가구의 경우, 저장온도에 상관없이 band상의 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 전분가수분해물이 첨가된 시료들에서는 온도 의존성이 현저하여 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 시료들은 MHC band가 나타나지 않았고 반면에 $-20^{\circ}C$에서는 저장 30일 째에도 0일차와 거의 같은 양상을 보였다. 시료들을 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 저장할 때 용해도 변화는 sucrose의 경우 저장 30일 후에도 $90\%$ 이상의 높은 값을 유지한 반면에 나머지 시료들은 저장과 함께 급속히 감소하였다 $-20^{\circ}C$에서는 sucrose, D.E. 10, 15 및 20을 함유한 시료들은 약 $90\%$ 정도를 나타내었다. 잔존 활성 변화에서도 용해도 변화와 거의 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 이상에서 살펴보았듯이 명태 actomyosin 용액의 동결변성에 대한 옥수수전분가수분해물들의 보호효과는 저장온도에 따라 많은 차이를 나타내었고, 특히 D.E. 10의 경우는 기존의 동결변성 방지제인 sucrose와 비교하여 $-12^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 거의 같은 효과를 나타내는 것을 알았고, 저감미, 저열량의 동결변성 방지제로서 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2011

These study was to investigate the in vitro fertilization and viability of fresh and vitrified oocytes. Also, the developmental capacity of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) oocytes were investigated. Then vitrification was performed with the use of 20% ethylene glycol + 20% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose + 10% FCS + TCM-199 medium. Vitrification immature oocytes are cultured in vitrification solution for 10 min afterwards transferred to expose at room temperature for 5 min. and transferred to the ice water for 5 min. The oocytes were sealed in a 1.0 mm straw and placed in a $LN_2$ container. Frozen oocytes were rapidly thawed in a water bath at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, and then placed in TCM-199 medium containing 0.5 M sucrose for 5 min each, respectively, at $38^{\circ}C$. After being washed for 2~3 times, using fresh medium the oocytes were cultured in TCM-l99 medium supplemented with 5% FCS at $38^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ and air. The normal morphology of fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes were $87.1{\pm}2.1%$ and $54.8{\pm}2.5%$, respectively. The viability rates of fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes were $70.0{\pm}2.2%$ and $41.9{\pm}2.6%$, respectively. Viability rates of vitrified-thawed oocytes were lower than that of fresh follicular oocytes (p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rates of fresh and vitrified oocytes were $45.1{\pm}3.6%$ and $28.9{\pm}4.4%$, respectively. The IVF rates of fresh follicular and vitrified-thawed oocytes were 34.00.2% and $20.2{\pm}2.6%$, respectively. The in vitro maturation and fertilization rates of vitrified-thawed oocytes were lower than those of the fresh follicular oocytes (p<0.05). A total of 350 oocytes were fixed and stained after co-incubation with spermatozoa, of which 88 had identifiable nuclear material. After IVF for 20 hrs, $25.1{\pm}3.4%$ of the oocytes found to have been penetrated by spermatozoas. Oocytes were fixed and stained after ICSI, and 105 oocytes contained identifiable nuclear material. After IVF and ICSI for 20 hrs, $34.3{\pm}3.4%$ and $59.0{\pm}2.0%$ of the oocytes were found to have been penetrated by spermatozoas. The developmental rates upon ICSI were significantly higher than those of the IVF method (p<0.05).

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.842-848
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• 2013

Developments of Solid-State Gyroscopy during last decades are impressive and were based on thin-walled shell resonators like HRG or CRG made from fused quartz or leuko-sapphire. However, a number of design choices for inertial-grade gyroscopes, which can be used for high-g applications and for mass- or middle-scale production, is still very limited. So, considerations of fundamental physical effects in solids that can be used for development of a miniature, completely solid-state, and lower-cost sensor look urgent. There is a variety of different types of bulk acoustic (elastic) waves (BAW) in anisotropic solids. Shear waves with different variants of their polarization have to be studied especially carefully, because shear sounds in glasses and crystals are sensitive to a turn of the solid as a whole, and, so, they can be used for development of gyroscopic sensors. For an isotropic medium (for a glass or a fine polycrystalline body), classic Lame's theorem (so-called, a general solution of Elasticity Theory or Green-Lame's representation) has been modified for enough general case: an elastic medium rotated about an arbitrary set of axes. Travelling, standing, and mixed shear waves propagating in an infinite isotopic medium (or between a pair of parallel reflecting surfaces) have been considered too. An analogy with classic Foucault's pendulum has been underlined for the effect of a turn of a polarizational plane (i.e., an integration effect for an input angular rate) due to a medium's turn about the axis of the wave propagation. These cases demonstrate a whole-angle regime of gyroscopic operation. Single-crystals are anisotropic media, and, therefore, to reflect influence of the crystal's rotation, classic Christoffel-Green's tensors have been modified. Cases of acoustic axes corresponding to equal velocities for a pair of the pure-transverse (shear) waves have of an evident applied interest. For such a special direction in a crystal, different polarizations of waves are possible, and the gyroscopic effect of "polarizational precession" can be observed like for a glass. Naturally, formation of a wave pattern in a massive elastic body is much more complex due to reflections from its boundaries. Some of these complexities can be eliminated. However, a non-homogeneity has a fundamental nature for any amorphous medium due to its thermodynamically-unstable micro-structure, having fluctuations of the rapidly-frozen liquid. For single-crystalline structures, blockness (walls of dislocations) plays a similar role. Physical nature and kinematic particularities of several typical "drifts" in polarizational BAW gyros (P-BAW) have been considered briefly too. They include irregular precessions ("polarizational beats") due to: non-homogeneity of mass density and elastic moduli, dissymmetry of intrinsic losses, and an angular mismatch between propagation and acoustic axes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2005

Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for the long-term storage of vegetatively propagated plants. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of slow-freezing techniques on the cryopreservation of potato. In vitro plantlets of the potato genotypes of 'Atlantic', 'Superior’, 'Namseo', 'J138', and 'CTO5-5' were cold acclimated, and the excised axillary buds were precultured, osmoprotected, exposed to plant vitrification solution, frozen slowly to $-40^{\circ}C$ and then rapidly plunged into liquid nitrogen, thawed and finally plated on the regeneration medium. It was found that the higher the sucrose concentrations in the subculture medium of donor plantlets, the higher the survival rates of shoot tips after cryopreservation, and the highest survival (20%) was observed in the medium added with 0.25 M sucrose. As for the effect of cooling, $0.3^{\circ}C/min$ cooling speed showed the highest survival (25%). Different varieties showed different responses over different cryopreservation treatments. Survival rate was increased by slow-freezing technique method as compared with that of the basic cryopreservation method of vitrification alone in the diverse potato genotypes. Leaf and tuber morphologies of potatoes regenerated after cryopreservation using slow freezing technique were similar to those derived from the in vitro stock plantlets.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1998

본 연구는 인간 전핵기 수정란의 동결시 election microscope grid론 사용하는 초급속 동결방법이 유용하는지 여부를 조사하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험에서는 인간 IVF 시술시 생성되는 다-전핵기 (>2PN) 수정란을 정상 2PN 수정란 대신 사용하였으며, 또한 이들은 3PN과 $\geq4PN$ 수정란으로 나누어 전핵의 수에 따른 냉해와 융해 후 체외 배발달율을 조사하였다. 동해제는 30% ethylene glycol, 18% ficoll, 0.5 M sucrose와 10% FBS 등이 D-PBS에 첨가되어 제작된 EFS30을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 초급속동결-융해 후, 인간 다-전핵기 수정란의 생존율은 85.5%였다. 대조군과 동결군의 난할율을 진핵의 수에 따가 니누어 비교하였을 때, 각 군간에는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (3PN; 81.3%와 85.4%, $\geq4PN$; 90.0%와 95.7%). 또한, 융해 후 체외발달율을 조사하였던바, $\geq4PN$수정란에서는 동결군 (4.5%)의 체외발달이 대조군 (44.4%)보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났던 반면, 3PN 수정란에서는 동결군 (22.0%)의 결과가 대조군 (38.5%)에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. (p<0.05). 따라서 인간 다-전핵기 수정란은 EM grid와 EFS30 동결액을 이용한 초급속 동결로 배발달을 유도할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the follicles size, hormone supplementation, semen types and capacitation methods on in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean Native cows. The follicular oocytes surrounded with cumulus cells were recovered by aspirating follicular fluid from the visible follicles of diameter 3~5mm. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing hormones, FCS, ECS, BFF and MCC for 24~48hrs. in a incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 18~20hrs. with motile capacitated sperm in the TCF(Tyroide calcium-free) solution containing 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of heparin. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The oocytes classified as "A, B, C, D and Degenerative" depending morphological integrity and those were 61.4%, 12.1%, 19.2%, 4.2% and 3.0% of the total oocytes recovered, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the A, B, C class follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS were 89.1%, 78.0%, 52.6% and 78.1%, 66.1%, 33.3%, respectively. 2. The average number of the follicular oocytes recovered from follicles size, 1~2mm, 3~5mm and above 5mm in dimeter were 67, 98 and 63, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium were 56.7%, 82.5%, 46.0% and 44.8%, 71.4%, 28.6%, respectively. 3. The maturation and fertilization rate of follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% FCS and hCG, HCG, $\beta$-estradiol were 76.0%~82.3% and 26.2%~70.0%, and those values were higher the supplementation of the hormone than the non-supplementation. 4. The fertilization and cleavage rate of the follicular oocytes, inseminated with spermatozoas of epididymis cauda, neat and frozen semen were 63.3%, 73.3%, 70.0% and 32.7%, 37.8%, 38.3, respectively. 5. The fertilization and cleavage rate of follicular oocytes, fertilized with capacitated spermatozoas by heparin, BFF and HIS methods were 70.0%, 53.8%, 34.2% and 38.3%, 23.1%, 17.1%, respectively. And the fertilization and cleavage rate were higher method of heparin than other methods.r methods.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1991

생쥐 수정란의 동결보존법을 개선하고자 유리화 동결과정에서 제1보존액에서의 평형시간, 제2보존액에서의 전냉각 여부 및 straw loading 방법에 따른 동결보존 후 수정란의 생존율을 조사하고, 또한 유리화 동결보존 과정에서 수정란의 부분적인 손상 여부를 확인하기 위하여 동결보존 후 배양하여 수정란의 할구수를 Hoechst 33342로 염색하여 조사하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 동결융해 후 생존율은 Medium-1에서 10분간 평형시간을 준 경우(81.0%)는 5분간(40.0%) 및 15분간(74.1%)의 평형시간을 준 경우보다 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 2. Double Medium-2 column방법으로 얻은 생존율(81.0%)은 single Medium-2 column방법으로 얻은 생존율(62.8%)보다 유의적(P<0.01)으로 높았다. 그리고 Double Medium-2 column방법에서는 유리화 용액이 희석액에 오염되지 않아 순수하게 투명한 유리화를 이룰 수 있었다. 3. 전냉각을 않은 경우에 비하여 전냉각한 Medium-2로 동결한 수정란은 생존율에 있어서 다소 높은 성적을 보였으나 유의적인 효과는 없었다. 4. 상실배기의 수정란을 24~28시간동안 배양하여 얻은 후기 배반포를 Hoechst 33342로 염색하여 할구수를 조사하였던 바 신선란(53.3${\pm}$1.6)보다 동결란(41.4${\pm}$1.5)에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로할구수가 적었다. 이는 동결융해 과정에서의 부분적인 손상에 의하였던 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2007

The significance of Han medicine (韓醫學), the Korean traditional medicine, that has lasted throughout the past couple millenniums relies upon Han Philosophy distinguished by its uniqueness. In brief, the specificity of Han medicine is characterized by unity of spirit and body, part and whole. According to this theory, when curing a frozen shoulder, it is usually cured by acupuncturing the area around the part that aches, but also doing so on the area that is totally different from the aching part such as the opposite part of the body. In fact, this can be pursued only through aspects that enable one to realize the unity of part and whole, and a ground for this possibility bases upon the crux of Eastern Philosophy, I-ching(역), such as theory of Five Elements (음양오행) and Three Pillars(삼재). In Western set theory, the issues of Class(부류) and elements(요원), whole and part were independently discussed in the area of mereology, and the question of part and whole was encountered with aporia and paradox since Greek ancient philosophy. At the turn of this century, many philosophers endeavored to pursue academic inquiry to resolve this paradox, especially by Russell and Whitehead through ${\ll}$Principia Mathematica${\gg}$ at the beginning of this century. in the process, there came out a phrase 'Russell's Paradox'. Russell himself proposed a typological resolution as an answer to the inquiry. However, 'Russell's Paradox' still remains as an aporia even till present days. During medieval period, this inquiry was even considered as 'insolubia'. Throughout this paper, 1 attempt to provide an analytic aspect on 'Russell's Paradox' from an unique thinking method and perspective of Han medicine that embodies the concept of 'unity of part and whole'. To do so, 1 suggest a physiological model in the first place depicted by diagrams of Circle 원, Quadrangle 방, Triangle 각(CQT) that portray the logic of Hado or Hotu 하도 which is 'the pattern from the river Ho'. That is to suggest that CQT원방각 of Hado can De a logical foundation that explains the notions of spirit (정신,뇌), internal organs(장부), and meridian system which functions as a solution to the question of 'Russell's Paradox'. There are precedent academic works examining the issue from philosophical aspect such as Sangil Kim's ${\ulcorner}$Han medicine과 러셀역설 해의${\lrcorner}$ Han Medicine and Resolution of Russell's Paradox(2005), and this analysis will further attempt to critically examine such works from a perspective of Han medicine.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2018

Objective: The favored method of preserving fertility in young female cancer survivors is cryopreservation and autotransplantation of ovarian tissue. Reducing hypoxia until angiogenesis takes place is essential for the survival of transplanted ovarian tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1), angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovarian tissue grafts that were cryopreserved using two methods. Methods: Ovarian tissues harvested from ICR mice were divided into three groups: group I (control), no cryopreservation; group II, vitrification in EFS (ethylene-glycol, ficoll, and sucrose solution)-40; and group III, slow freezing in dimethyl sulfoxide. We extracted mRNA for VEGF, Angpt-1, and Angpt-2 from ovarian tissue 1 week following cryopreservation and again 2 weeks after autotransplantation. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to quantify the levels of VEGF, Angpt-1, and Angpt-2 in the tissue. Results: Angpt-1 and Angpt-2 expression decreased after cryopreservation in groups II and III. After autotransplantation, Angpt-1 and Angpt-2 expression in ovarian tissue showed different trends. Angpt-1 expression in groups II and III was lower than in group I, but Angpt-2 in groups II and III showed no significant difference from group I. The vitrified ovarian tissues had higher expression of VEGF and Angpt-2 than the slow-frozen ovarian tissues, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results indicate that Angpt-2 may play an important role in ovarian tissue transplantation after cryopreservation although further studies are needed to understand its exact function.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1986

피조개를 보다 효율적으로 이용하기 위해 상온유통이 가능하며 즉석식품으로 이용할 수 있는 레토르트파우치 조미피조개제품을 제조하기 위한 가공조건 및 저장 중의 품질안정성에 대하여 실험하였다. 동결한 피조개족육(足肉)을 해동한 다음 원료에 대해 솔비톨 $10.0\%$, 식염 $2.0\%$, 글루탐산나트륨 $0.5\%$로 된 혼합조미료를 살포, 혼합하여 $5^{\circ}C$, 10시간 조미한 다음 $45^{\circ}C$, 4시간 건조하였다. 건조 후 조미제품의 품질향상을 위해 $1\%$ 알긴산소오다용액에서 침지, 피복처리하여 이것을 2시간 동안 냉풍건조시킨 후 적층플라스틱필름주머니(polyester/casted polypropylene= $12{\mu}m/70{\mu}m,\;15{\times}16cm$)에 $45{\sim}50g$씩 충전, 진공포장하여 열수순환식 레토르트에서 Fo 값 6.0이 되도록 $121^{\circ}C$, 10분간 가열살균하는 것이 가장 좋았다. 이 조건하에서 제조된 제품은 가온검사결과 미생물의 증식은 없었으며 제품의 외관도 이상이 없었다. 원료피조개 및 레토르트파우치 조미피조개제품의 주요구성지방산은 16:0, 20:5, 22:6, 18:0 및 18:3이었고, 유리아미노산 중 함량이 많은 아미노산은 lysine, arginine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid 및 leucine이었다. 그리고 핵산관련물질로서는 원료피조개 및 제품에 있어서 AMP의 함량이 가장 많았으며 유리아미노산, 베타인, 핵산관련물질 등이 원로피조개 및 제품 엑스분의 주성분을 이루고 있었다. 건조, 살균 등의 제품 제조공정을 통해 20:5 및 22:6 등 불포화산의 조성비는 다소 감소하는 반면, 포화산은 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 전엑스분질소의 함량은 약 1/2 정도 감소하였다. 제품을 상온에 100일간 저장하여 두고 품질안정성을 검토한 결과 저장 100일째까지 품질의 저하는 거의 없었으며, 알긴산소오다용액으로 피복처리를 함으로서 제품의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.