• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

The damageability and repairability of similar platform type vehicles could be very concerned with design optimization. In all the vehicles crash tested, small size passenger vehicles were weakness in aspect of damageability and repairability. The most critical area appears to be repair cost considering that parts cost is the largest portion of total repair cost segments. Besides repair cost, attaching method of front sidemember and subframe are placed special importance for impact energy absorption and damageability and repairability. So in order to improve damageability and repairability of vehicle structure and body component of the monocoque type passenger vehicles, the end of front side member and front back beam should be designed with optimum level and to supply the end of front side member as a partial condition approx 300mm. The effectiveness of design concept on the 40% offset frontal impact characteristics of the passenger vehicle structure is investigated and summarized.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

The research committee for automobile repairs (RCAR), an international body of insurance research centers, has adopted the typical low speed crash test based on an average damage level in crash accidents to estimate the damageability , repairability and safety. The characteristics of body acceleration and the probability of injury are investigated based on damaged components, accelerations of body and injured dummy to analyze damageability and the driver's safety under low speed crash environment. It is found from the experimental results that the probability of head and thorax injuries are very low comparing to the injury criteria of FMVSS No.208. Furthermore, it is suggested that the deployment of airbag may not be necessary at RCAR low speed frontal crash test.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2003

Airflow in the nasal cavity of Korean adults is investigated experimentally by PIV measurement. Quantitative data for normal and abnormal nasal cavities with adenoid vegetation are obtained. The CBC PIV algorithm with window offset is used for PIV flow analysis. Average and RMS distributions are obtained for inspirational and expirational nasal airflows. Comparisons between western and Korean nasal airflows are appreciated. Due to the difference in geometry of the frontal part of nasal cavity, the flow near nares shows the difference. For the joint research on nasal deceases, PIV measurements of nasal airflow for nasal cavities with 50% and 70% adenoid vegetation are conducted for the first time. Comparisons in nasal airflows for both normal and abnormal cases are also appreciated.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.224-229
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• 2000

This paper describe a (mite element computer simulation of a absorption system using full scale car crash test. The full scale test selected for this study is a 80kmh frontal, side and 25% offset impact of a 1993 Ford Taurus vehicle into a absorption system. This absorption system has external rubber and internal steel pannel. This simulation has completed for decision of these components energy absorption performance. Dynamical performance of this system and movement are obtained from this simulation. and then We can appreciate the safety of passenger from measure the vehicle C.G's acceleration.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2006

The mean and RMS velocity field of the respiratory gas flow in the human airway was studied experimentally by particle image velocimetry (PIV). Some researchers investigated the airflow for the mouth breathing case both experimentally and numerically. But it is very rare to investigate the airflow of nose breathing in a whole airway due to its geometric complexity. We established the procedure to create a transparent rectangular box containing a model of the human airway for PIV measurement by combination of the RP and the curing of clear silicone. We extend this to make a whole airway including nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and 2 generations of bronchi. The CBC algorithm with window offset (64 $\times$ 64 to 32 $\times$ 32) is used for vector searching in PIV analysis. The phase averaged mean and RMS velocity distributions in Sagittal and coronal planes are obtained for 7 phases in a respiratory period. Some physiologic conjectures are obtained. The main stream went through the backside of larynx and trachea in inspiration and the frontal side in expiration. There exist vortical motions in inspiration, but no prominent one in expiration.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2009

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 21.2% of all fatalities at 2007 year in Korea. To reconstruct exactly the accident, it is important to calculate the throw distance of pedestrian in car to pedestrian accident. The frontal shape of SUV vehicle is dissimilar to passenger car and bus, so the trajectory and throw distance of pedestrian by SUV vehicle is not the same of passenger car and bus. The influencing on it can be classified into the factors of vehicle and pedestrian, and road factor. It was analyzed by PC-CRASH for simulation, and SPSS s/w was used for regression analysis. From the simulation results, the maximum impact energy of multi-body of pedestrian was occurred to that of torso body at the same time. And the throw distance increased with the increasing of impact velocity, and decreased with the increasing of impact offset. Also it decreased with the increasing of velocity of pedestrian at accident, and the throw distance of wet road was longer than that of dry road. Finally, the regression analysis model of SUV(Nissan Pathfinder type)vehicle in car to pedestrian accident was as follows; $$disti_i=-0.87-0.11offseti_i+0.69speed_i-4.27height_i+0.004walk_i+0.63wet_i+{\epsilon}_i$$.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2003

We have found that the damage of the front part for a vehicle and that of the rear part for a vehicle are the majority of frequency experienced by the traffic accidents. In conventional bumper system was designed by safety standard regulation at low speed crash. For example there are 2.5 mile and 5 mile bumper. The conventional bumper system was the crash from max 5.5 mile to 3 mile low speed occurs most frequently and results in the highest rate of repairing cost in statistically. On this study, in order to check the damageability and repairability of gas tube bumper system RCAR 15 km/h 40 % offset frontal crash test was adopted in low speed and we have a gas tube bumper parts test and vehicle test with gas tube bumper, we can find gas tube bumper system definitely can improve the damageability and repairability of the vehicles and contribute to down the repairing cost.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

The Child Occupant Safety Assessment was first introduced and carried out by Euro NCAP in 2003, with the goal of ensuring manufacturers to develop safe vehicles for passengers of all ages; the objective was to evaluate the safety and protection offered by different Child Restraint Systems (CRS) in the event of a crash. In 2013, the formerly used P child dummy series was replaced by newer and more biofidelic Q1.5 and Q3 child dummies, representing 1.5 and 3 year old children respectively. The frontal and side impact dynamic performances of the Q1.5 and Q3 were tested within all classes of vehicles assessed by Euro NCAP at the time. As an extension to that initiative, Q6 and Q10 child dummies were later developed representing children of 6 and 10 years old. Since the protection of larger children during vehicle crashes relies greatly on the interaction of vehicle restraint systems such as seat belt and the CRS, instrumented Q6 and Q10 dummies will be used to assess the protection offered in the event of front and side impact crashes. In this paper, we focused on injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 child dummies at 64 kph 40% offset frontal crash test. The whole procedure was designed with DFSS analysis. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems settled through previous sled test. It showed that several injury criteria and image data were collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination shows the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Occupant protection performance in frontal crashes has been developed and assessed for mainly front seat occupants over many years, and in recent years protection of rear seat occupants has also been extensively discussed. Unlike the front seats, the rear seats are often occupied by children seated in rear-facing or forward - facing child restraint systems, or booster seats. In the ENCAP, child occupant protection assessments using 18-month-old(P1.5) and 3-year-old(P3) test dummies in the rear seat have already been changed to new type of 18-month-old (Q1.5)and 3-year-old(Q3) test dummies. In addition, ENCAP are scheduled with the development and introduction of test dummies of 6-year-old (Q6) and 10.5-year-old children(Q10) starting 2016. In KNCAP, Q6 and Q10 child dummies will be introduced in 2017 as well. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new child dummies closely. In this paper, we focused on Q6 and Q10 child dummies sitting in child restraint system. Offset frontal crash tests were conducted using two types of test dummies, Q6 and Q10 child dummies, positioned in the rear seat. Q6 and Q10 were used to compare dummy kinematics in rear seating positions between Q6 behind the driver's seat and Q10 behind the front passenger's seat. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems. It showed that several injury and image data was collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination is the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

CT 스캔 데이터를 이용하여 호흡기의 컴퓨터 모델을 얻고, RP 를 이용하여 고형 모형으로 정교한 호흡기 유로 모형을 제작하였고, 호흡을 정확하게 모사하는 펌프를 만들었다. 사람의 호흡에 관한 생리적 테이터를 이용하여 캠을 제작하고 대형 피스톤 펌프를 만들어 사람의 호흡을 정확하게 모사하였다. 이를 이용하여 생리적 주기를 갖는 호흡기 내 유동에 대항 PIV 결과를 획득하였다. 최초로 정확한 기하학적 형상 및 입구와 출구 조건 하에서 인후부와 기관 내의 공기 유동장의 테이터베이스를 확보하였으므로, 향후 기존의 단순화된 모델을 이용한 실험적 수치해석적 결과들을 검정하는데 활용될 것이며 호흡기 질환의 진단과 치료에 기여할 수 있는 생리학적 병리학적 데이터를 제공할 수 있으리라 생각된다. 또한 공해 물질, 유독 물질, 흡입 약품 등의 호흡기 내 흡착 현상 규명 등에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.