• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fresh matter

검색결과 538건 처리시간 0.03초

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGES PREPARED FROM FIBER AND LIQUID RESIDUES AFTER THE SEPARATION OF LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATE FROM ITALIAN RYEGRASS IN GOATS

  • Reddy, G.U.;Oshima, M.;Nishino, N.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 1992
  • Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was fractionated into leaf nutrient concentrate, fiber and deproteinised juice (DPJ). The fresh and fermented DPJs were concentrated and referred to as fresh deproteinised juice concentrate (FDPJC) and fermented deprotenised juice concentrate (FMTD DPJC). The FDPJC and FMTD DPJC were separately mixed with dried fiber and ensiled. Wilted crop silage and fresh fiber silage were also prepared from the same material crop. The nutritive value of these four silages were compared using four goats by $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Green crop fractionation resulted lesser amount of crude protein and ash, and higher amount of neurtal detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose in fresh fiber. The pH of fresh fiber silage was lower than that of the other silages. Addition of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC to the dried fiber at ensiling did not improve the silage qualities; but all the silages were satisfactorily preserved. Goats fed these silages showed similar ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. But addition of FMTD DPJC was effective on increasing ruminal acetic acid concentration reducing propionic acid concentration. Ruminal n- and iso- butyric acid concentrations were proportional to that of propionic acid. High ammonia content of the silage containing FMTD DPJC was reflected to the ruminal ammonia concentration, urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea level of goats. Inclusion of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC added 15 to 25% dry matter to the fiber silages with a little reduction in the digestibilities of most components of the silages.

제초제 oxadiazon의 토양 흡탈착에 미치는 유기물의 함량과 산화환원효소의 영향 (Effects of soil organic matter and oxidoreductase on adsorption and desorption of herbicide oxadiazon in soils)

  • 이완석;김장억
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.70-78
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    • 1998
  • 유기물의 함량이 상이한 두 토양에서 제초제 oxadiazon의 소실, 흡착 및 탈착 양상을 알아보고 토양유기물과 결합되는 기작을 알기 위하여 산화환원촉매인 laccase를 이용하여 humic monomer와의 반응성을 규명하였다. Oxadiazon의 토양중에서 소실되는 반감기는 Soil I과 Soil II에서 각각 38일 및 45일로 나타나 유기물이 많은 토양에서 반감기가 더 짧았다. Oxadiazon의 흡착양상은 Freundlich식에 잘 부합하였으며 Freundlich 홉착계수 k값은 Soil I과 Soil II 에서 각각 31.79 및 22.50으로 유기물을 제거한 토양의 1.28 및 3.60에 비해 매우 크게 나타났다. 효소의 첨가에 의한 oxadiazon의 흡착량은 효소를 첨가하지 않은 시험구에 비해 Soil I과 Soil II에서 각각 17.1% 및 9.3% 증가하였으나, 유기물을 제거한 토양에서는 효소 첨가의 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 흡착된 oxadiazon의 탈착율은 Soil I과 Soil II에서 각각 51.1% 및 58.5%로 유기물을 제거한 토양의 88.3% 및 84.6%에 비해 낮았다. 효소가 처리된 토양에 흡착된 oxadiazon의 탈착율은 유기물을 제거시킨 토양에서는 차이가 없었으나 유기물을 제거하지 않은 토양에서는 감소하였다. Oxadiazon은 Myceliophthera thermophila로부터 분리된 산화환원효소인 laccase와 단독으로 반응하였을 때는 거의 전환되지 않았으나 humic monomers인 catechol, guaiacol 및 gallic acid 등이 있을 때는 $20{\sim}24%$ 수준으로 전환되었다.

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THE USE OF NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY(NIRS) TO PREDICT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON MAIZE SILAGE

  • D.Cozzolino;Fassio, A.;Mieres, J.;Y.Acosta
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1610-1610
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    • 2001
  • Microbiological examination of silage is of little value in gauging the outcome of silage, and so chemical analysis is more reliable and meaningful indicator of quality. On the other hand chemical assessments of the principal fermentation products provide an unequivocal basis on which to judge quality. Livestock require energy, protein, minerals and vitamins from their food. While fresh forages provide these essential items, conserved forages on the other hand may be deficient in one or more of them. The aim of the conservation process is to preserve as many of the original nutrients as possible, particularly energy and protein components (Woolford, 1984). Silage fermentation is important to preservation of forage with respect of feeding value and animal performance. Chemical and bacteriological changes in the silo during the fermentation process can affect adversely nutrient yield and quality (Moe and Carr, 1984). Many of the important chemical components of silage must be assayed in fresh or by extraction of the fresh material, since drying either by heat or lyophilisation, volatilises components such as acids or nitrogenous components, or effects conversion to other compounds (Abrams et al., 1987). Maize silage dorms the basis of winter rations for the vast majority of dairy and beef cattle production in Uruguay. Since nutrient intake, particularly energy, from forages is influenced by both voluntary dry matter intake and digestibility; there is a need for a rapid technique for predicting these parameters in farm advisory systems. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) is increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating chemical constituents in cereals and dried forages. For many years NIRS was applied to assess chemical composition in dry materials (Norris et al., 1976, Flinn et al., 1992; Murray, 1993, De Boever et al., 1996, De la Roza et al., 1998). The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the potential of NIRS to assess the chemical composition of dried maize samples and (2) to attempt calibrations on undried samples either for farm advisory systems or for animal nutrition research purposes in Uruguay. NIRS were used to assess the chemical composition of whole - plant maize silage samples (Zea mays, L). A representative population of samples (n = 350) covering a wide distribution in chemical characteristics were used. Samples were scanned at 2 nm intervals over the wavelength range 400-2500 nm in a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD, USA) in reflectance mode. Cross validation was used to avoid overfitting of the equations. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV). The calibration statistics were R$^2$ 0. 86 (SECV: 11.4), 0.90 (SECV: 5.7), 0.90 (SECV: 16.9) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) in g kg$\^$-1/ on dry matter, respectively for maize silage samples. This work demonstrates the potential of NIRS to analyse whole - maize silage in a wide range of chemical characteristics for both advisory farm and nutritive evaluation.

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사초용유채 ( Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera ) 의 생산성과 사료가치에 관한 연구 V. 재식밀도 차이가 사초용 유채의 생육특성, 수량 및 영양가치에 미치는 영향 (Studies on Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Forage Rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera) V. Influence of plant density on growth, yield and nutrient quality of forage rape.)

  • 안계수;권병선
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.108-112
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    • 1989
  • To determine optimal plant density of forage rape in southern areas of Korea, Velox, the highest yielding variety among seventeen introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different plant densities. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Yield components such as stem diameter, number of main stem,leaves, number of branches and number of branch leaves and fresh yield were highest at the plots with 50cm row spacing and 30cm plant spacing. 2. Dry matter yield, content of crude protein, IVDMD and digestible dry matter yield were highest at the plots of broadcasting. 3. Since plants under high density were high in plant length and small in stem diameter, contents of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lowest at the plots of broadcasting.

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무가온 Vinyl House 재배가 사초유채의 생산특성과 수량에 미치는 영향 (Influence of PE Film House culture with Non Heating on Growth and Yield of Forage Rape)

  • 안계수;권병선;정동희;김상곤
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.215-218
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    • 1996
  • This study examines the possibility of early production of forage rape (cv. Akela and Velox) in the period of wintering. Bolting date was Feb. 2 to Feb. 9 in PE film house culture by non-heating and Mar. 3 to Mar. 12 in open field culture. And flowering date was Feb. 24 to Mar. 3 in PE film house culture by non-heating, so it was 30~50 days faster than the open field culture of Apr. 17 to Apr. 22. Fresh matter yield was 8, 356~4, 887 kg/10a in PE film house culture by non-heating, so it was 1, 431~1, 603 kg/10a yield increase than in the open field culture of 7, 253~7, 456 kg/10a Dry matter yield was 953~963 kg/10a in PE film house culture by non-heating, so it was 71~284 kg/10a yield increase than in the open field culture of 669~892 kg/10a.

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이탈리안 라이그라스 채종시기별 건물생산능력 및 생육특성 (Groeth Charateristics & Matter Yield Ability According to Seed Production Time of Italian Ryegrass)

  • 채재석;김영두;김호중;박태일
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 1996
  • The experiment was conducted to inxvestigate matter production ability and growth characteristic variation for Italian ryegrass seed of introduced variety and the different seed production time of the next generation in paddy field at Iksan and Kyehwa experiment field from 1987 to 1988. Germination rate is good at seed production of 35 days before and after heading with introducced variety. Also, Early growth before wintering, dead leaf rate and regenerating day is same tendendy. Panicle numbers per hill like that and heading date is for 15~20 days after heading seed is late about three days, but 35 days before and after heading seed is early about one day. Fresh and drymatter yield at the different cutting time shows decrease in 15~25 days after heading seed but 35 days before and after heading seed is same or increase trend, it's notable at Kyehwa paddy field in reclaimed land. In case of feed value according to cutting time differ little against introduced seed.

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OVERCOMING THE NUTRITIONAL LIMITATIONS OF RICE STRAW FOR RUMINANTS 4. UREA AMMONIA TREATMENT AND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH GLIRICIDIA MACULATA FOR GROWING SAHIWAL BULLS

  • Tharmaraj, J.;van der Hoek, R.;Sewalt, V.J.H.;Schiere, J.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 1989
  • Forty bull calves of Sahiwal crosses were fed either urea treated or untreated rice straw with 4 levels of Gliricidia (0, 1, 2, and 4 kg fresh material). Dry matter intake (DMI) of straw and Gliricidia was measured during 2 periods. Straw intakes in period 1 and 2 were significantly different (P<0.001). Supplementation of Gliricidia depressed the DMI of straw during the second period (P<0.01), but not in the first period. Urea-ammonia treatment increased straw intake and total intake in both periods, but the increase in dry matter digestibility (DMD) of the ration was not significant (P>0.05). Liveweight gain (LWG) was increased significantly, both by urea ammonia treatment (P<0.01) and by supplementation with Gliricidia (P<0.001). Animals on treated straw gained on an average $137\;g{\cdot}d^{-1}$ more than those on untreated straw.

호맥 ( Secale cereale L. ) 의 청예이용을 위한 재배모형에 관한 연구 I. 답리작호맥의 수확시기별 청예사료생산 및 Silage품질 (Studies of Cultivation Model of Rye (Secale cereale L.) as a Forage Crop I. Effects of harvesting time on forage production and quality of rye(Secale cereale L.) silage on paddies)

  • 송진달;임근발;양종성
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.165-168
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    • 1988
  • This study was conducted at the rice field of Livestock Experiment station, Suweon to investigate the effects of harvesting time on forage production and quality of rye (Secale cereale L.) on paddies. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Fresh matter yield was peaked at the 10 days (May 10) after heading, however, dry matter yield was increased in proportion to maturity. 2. Digestibility (in vitro) showed the 83-77% by heading stage (Apr. 25-30) but decreased to 66-58% after heading stage. 3. Digestible yield reached to maximum level, 619.2 kg/lOa at the 10 days after heading (May 10). 4. The content of crude protein and crude fat in forage rye was decreased with advancing the maturity. 5. The lactic acid content of rye silage ranged from 1.3% to 2.0%.

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ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GUINEA GRASS (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) AS AFFECTED BY GROWTH STAGE

  • Ibrahim, M.N.M.;Premaratne, S.;Perera, H.G.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 1989
  • An experiment was conducted to study the effect of frequency of defoliation on the ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Guineaecotype 'A' (Panicum maximum Jacq) grass. Guinea grass harvested at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12-week cutting intervals was chopped (2 cm) and ensiled alone or with the addition of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) meal (w/w-fresh weight basis), for periods of 6, 7 or 8 weeks in 2-litre laboratory silos. Dry matter, water soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, pH, ash, nitrogen and digestibility in vitro were measured in representative samples of preensiled and ensiled material. Dry matter content of silages prepared from herbage harvested at 2 and 3 weeks intervals was lower (P<0.05) compared to longer defoliation intervals. The pH of silage prepared from herbage over 8 weeks old were higher (P<0.05) than those harvested below 8 weeks. The water soluble carbohydrate content of silage prepared from 3-weekly defoliated herbage was higher (P<0.05) than those prepared from longer periods. Lengthened growth period decreased (P<0.001) the crude protein content of the ensiled material, whereas the addition of coconut meal resulted in marginal increases. In vitro organic matter digestibility of the silages decreased (P<0.05) with the increase in forage maturity.

Effects of Seeding Dates on Yield and Feed Value of Italian Ryegrass in Paddy Field Cultivation

  • Lee, Sang Moo
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.185-192
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the seeding dates on the yield and feed value in cultivating Italian rye grass on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with seeding dates of Oct. 19 (T1), Oct. 26 (T2), Nov. 2 (T3), Nov. 9 (T4), and Nov. 16 (T5) treatments. Plant length, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Crude protein, Crude fat and crude ash were increased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). On the other hand, NDF, ADF and Crude fiber were decreased with early seeding dates (p<0.05). Total mineral contents were higher in the order of T4 > T3 > T5 > T1 > T2 (p<0.05). The total composition amino acid content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the seeding dates delayed. Total free sugar content was highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Nutrition yields (crude protein, crude fat, amino acid and free sugar) were increased significantly with early seeding dates (p<0.05). The above result indicated that it is favorable to seed soon after rice harvest to increase dry matter yield and nutrition yield of Italian ryegrass in the midlands.