• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2011

These study was to investigate the in vitro fertilization and viability of fresh and vitrified oocytes. Also, the developmental capacity of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) oocytes were investigated. Then vitrification was performed with the use of 20% ethylene glycol + 20% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose + 10% FCS + TCM-199 medium. Vitrification immature oocytes are cultured in vitrification solution for 10 min afterwards transferred to expose at room temperature for 5 min. and transferred to the ice water for 5 min. The oocytes were sealed in a 1.0 mm straw and placed in a $LN_2$ container. Frozen oocytes were rapidly thawed in a water bath at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, and then placed in TCM-199 medium containing 0.5 M sucrose for 5 min each, respectively, at $38^{\circ}C$. After being washed for 2~3 times, using fresh medium the oocytes were cultured in TCM-l99 medium supplemented with 5% FCS at $38^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ and air. The normal morphology of fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes were $87.1{\pm}2.1%$ and $54.8{\pm}2.5%$, respectively. The viability rates of fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes were $70.0{\pm}2.2%$ and $41.9{\pm}2.6%$, respectively. Viability rates of vitrified-thawed oocytes were lower than that of fresh follicular oocytes (p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rates of fresh and vitrified oocytes were $45.1{\pm}3.6%$ and $28.9{\pm}4.4%$, respectively. The IVF rates of fresh follicular and vitrified-thawed oocytes were 34.00.2% and $20.2{\pm}2.6%$, respectively. The in vitro maturation and fertilization rates of vitrified-thawed oocytes were lower than those of the fresh follicular oocytes (p<0.05). A total of 350 oocytes were fixed and stained after co-incubation with spermatozoa, of which 88 had identifiable nuclear material. After IVF for 20 hrs, $25.1{\pm}3.4%$ of the oocytes found to have been penetrated by spermatozoas. Oocytes were fixed and stained after ICSI, and 105 oocytes contained identifiable nuclear material. After IVF and ICSI for 20 hrs, $34.3{\pm}3.4%$ and $59.0{\pm}2.0%$ of the oocytes were found to have been penetrated by spermatozoas. The developmental rates upon ICSI were significantly higher than those of the IVF method (p<0.05).

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.417-429
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• 2020

Waste glass is a global solid waste with huge reserves. The discarded waste glass has caused a series of problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution, so it is urgent to recycle waste glass with high replacement level. Glass powder (GP), as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), used in cement-based materials has already become one of the important ways to recycle waste glass mainly attributed to its pozzolanic reaction and filling effect, especially to the suppressed ASR expansion. This paper demonstrates an overview of the properties of GP and its effect on the fresh and mechanical properties of cement-based materials. The study found that the influence of GP on the performance of cement-based materials mainly depends on its content, particle size, color and type, curing conditions, and other SCMs. Finally, based on the problems involved in the investigation of concrete containing GP, some corresponding suggestions and efforts are given to further guide the utilization of GP in cement-based materials.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2017

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have turned out to be a vital portion of extraordinary strength and performance concrete. Metakaolin (MK) is one of SCM material is acquired by calcinations of kaolinite. Universally utilised as pozzolanic material in concrete to enhance mechanical and durability properties. This study investigates the fresh and hardened properties of conventional concrete (CC) and self compacting concrete (SCC) by partially replacing cement with MK in diverse percentages. In CC and SCC, partial replacement of cement with MK varies from 5-20%. Fresh concrete properties of CC are conducted by slump test and compaction factor tests and for SCC, slump flow, T500, J-Ring, L-Box, V-Funnel and U-Box tests. Hardened concrete characteristics are investigated by compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths at age of 7, 28 and 90 days of curing under water. Carbonation depth, water absorption and density of MK based CC and SCC was also computed. Fresh concrete test results indicated that increase in MK replacement increases workability of concrete in a constant w/b ratio. Also, outcomes reveal that concrete integrating MK had greater compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. Optimum replacement level of MK for cement was 10%, which increased mechanical properties and robustness properties of concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

In recently, though the development of antiwashout admixture, if's possible to construct in underwater with the concrete which is improved segregation resistance of material, filling and self-leveling. It is generally to use this method with Europe and Japan as the central figure, and also the construction case is reported in korea. There's some advantages to add the fly ash in plain concrete. The objective of this study is to find the characteristics of fresh underwater antiwashout concrete which is followed by the blend rate of fly ash.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.951-956
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• 2000

Blast furnace slag powder(BFS) is potential hydration material, and that usage is increased the construction. But, the amount of BFS is important factor with the properties of concrete. The determinational method of slag powder experiments by salicylic acid-methyl alcohol solution method. From these results we can determine the amount of slag powder with blaine 4, 000 and 6, 000 in fresh concrete.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1275-1275
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• 2001

The pH value of grass silages is one important parameter to determine the quality of the forages. In an attempt to use NIRS spectra taken for other quality parameter of grass silage it has been shown that a good correlation between NIR spectra of the dried forage and pH value of the fresh forage could be determined. Further investigations revealed that the B coefficients of the pH value calibration were almost the same as the B coefficients of the sugar calibration multiplied with -1. And indead the pH value - in the fresh sample material - of the calibration set is strongly correlated with the sugar concentration - in the dried sample material. It is concluded that next to scientific tools in research the scientist and the user of NTRS equippment has to scrutinze his own work. Examples are given. NIRS is a powerfull technique, but pitfalls are present in surplus.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.153-156
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to evaluate on the properties of fresh and hardened high-performance concrete(HPC) incorporating high-reactivity metakaolin(HRM). Setting time, heat of hydration, compressive strength, resistance to chloride-ion penetration, and repeated freezing and thawing test were carried out in order to investigate the properties of fresh and hardened state concrete. The properties of the HRM concrete were also compared with those of the portland cement concrete and silica fume(SF) concrete. The laboratory test results indicate that HRM material can be used as a supplementary cementitious material to produce high-performance concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.23-26
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• 2003

Metakaolin is a cementitious material for producing high-strength concrete. This material is now used as substitute for silica-fume. In this paper, we studied the properties of fresh concrete such as slump-flow, air content, and the feature of strength of hardened concrete according to the substitute ratio of metakaolin, silica-fume. In the fresh concrete test, the time depend loss of slump-flow & air content is good to 10-15% substitute ratio of metakaolin. And, in the strength test, 10-15% substitute ratio of metakaolin is good for producing high-strength concrete also. But, allowing for economical efficiency, we concluded that 10% is a adequate substitute ratio for producing high performance concrete.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1542-1547
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• 2000

To standardize proper formulation of urea and molasses, the former to increase crude protein content of tropical grass and the latter for improving its silage quality, we examined the fermentation quality of silage of fresh and wilted napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) with different levels of urea and molasses with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Silage was made of napiergrass with conditions of fresh young (Exp. 1),young wilted for half day (Exp. 2) and fresh mature (Exp. 3). Chopped plant materials of about 1cm length were ensiled into a laboratory silo and incubated for one month at $25^{\circ}C$. The treatments were the combination of 0, 0.2 and 0.6% of urea and 0, 2 and 5% of molasses (fresh material basis) with or without LAB inoculation. After opening the silo, pH, organic acids, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined. Addition of molasses significantly (p<0.01) lowered pH values in three experiments. Though molasses addition increased lactic acid production even at a higher level of urea, pH values at 0 and 2% molasses were significantly increased by urea in fresh and wilted young silages, but in fresh mature silage it occurred only when molasses was not added. VBN/TN at 0.6% urea were decreased significantly by the highest molasses in three experiments. Significant increases in TN by the increasing of urea addition were observed at all levels of molasses in wilted young and fresh mature silages. In conclusion, a combination of 5% molasses and 0.6% urea could improve the nutritive and fermentation qualities of napiergrass silage under young, wilting and mature conditions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Purpose: Digital communication is becoming increasingly important in clinical practice and research. The finding that stool consistency can be evaluated similarly using either "in vivo" or photographic material by health care professionals will decrease subjective interpretation by parents. The primary outcome of this study was the reliability of stool consistency scoring using the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale (BITSS) between fresh stools and their photos; the secondary outcome was the inter-rater reliability based on the fresh stools. Methods: Fresh stool samples from healthy children were collected in a day care center. These stools, and one month later the corresponding photos presented in a random order, were presented to 14 observers. Reliabilities were analyzed using absolute agreements and weighted and unweighted Cohen's κ. Results: In total, 202 samples were rated 576 times. Absolute agreement between photographic and real time assessment ranged between 71.1% and 83.3% among observers. This corresponded with substantial agreement (unweighted κ=0.70 [95% CI, 0.61-0.78]; weighted κ=0.86 [95% CI, 0.78-0.88]). The inter-observer agreement showed similar percentages of absolute agreement (81.4-82.0%) and κ-values corresponding with fair-to-moderate agreement. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the assessment of fresh stool consistency can also reliably be done on photographic material when using the BITSS. This opens opportunities in scientific surroundings and in our daily life communication with parents and caretakers.