• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.105-129
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• 2016

2009 개정 교육과정에서 수학적 과정은 수학적 추론, 수학적 문제 해결, 수학적 의사소통의 형태로 강조되고 있으며, 수학적 추론의 한 형태인 비례 추론은 비와 비율 개념과 관련된 추론이다. 비례 추론은 초등학교 수학에서 규칙성 영역의 핵심이면서 중등수학에서 학습하는 함수 개념의 기본이 된다. 본 연구는 2007 개정과 2009 개정 교육과정 사이에 놓인 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 비례와 관련된 형식적인 알고리즘을 배우기 전 단계에서 비례 추론의 특징과 유형을 분석해봄으로써 비례 추론을 사용하는 학생들의 문제해결전략과 오류를 살펴본다. 이를 위해 먼저 비례 추론 문항을 개발하고, 초등학교 6학년 학생들이 비와 비율을 학습하기 전후에 비례 추론 관련 문제를 어떻게 해결하고 또 어떠한 오류가 나타나는지를 분석한다. 그 결과 초등학교 6학년 학생들은 문제의 조건과 유형에 따라 다양한 비례 추론 전략을 활용한다. 대부분의 학생들은 곱셈적 추론 수준에 있으며, 비례 추론 검사에서 가장 많이 나타난 전략으로는 분수 전략과 간비교, 내비교 전략 등이었다. 그러나 학생들은 상대적인 비교를 필요로 하는 문제의 경우 문제의 이해 단계에서부터 어려움을 나타냈다. 따라서 절대적 상대적 변화를 비교하는 수준에 이를 수 있도록 다양한 형태의 비례 추론 문항 개발이 요구되며, 이와 함께 비례 추론 상황을 포함하여 지도할 수 있는 교수 방안의 개발이 요구된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.26-38
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• 1998

This paper is based on a survey of consumers 'opinions on underwears. The questions in the survey dealt with what materials were used to manufacture underwears, which underwears were worn together in combinations, and how comfortable underwears were. In addition, the respondents were asked about how many pieces of different underwears they posses. Through such research, this paper aims to provide a guide to manufacturing domestic underwears that are competitive against foreign bands. 336 women in their twenties, thirties, forties and fifties from Seoul and it's suburbs were surveyed. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the average, frequency and standard deviation, and through one-way analysis and the Duncan test. The following are the results of the study : 1. Consumers were moderately satisfied with Korean-made underwears. In order to complete with foreign brands, products with high consumer-satisfaction levels must be produced. 2. Upper garments usually consisted of brassieres with shoulder straps and sleeveless shirts. For lower underwears, most people tended to wear panties under girdle, with garlets on top. This is most likely the resut of more people wearing slacks than skirts. 3. Consumer in their twenties had anaverage of 1.71 slips, while those in their thirties had 3.07, those in their forties and 3.25, and people in their fifties had 3.88 slips. Thus the number of slips a consumer possesses increases as age increases. for socks, people in their twenties had 7.4 pairs on average, those in their thirties had 5.5, those in their forties had 6.7, and those in their fifties had 5.3. Thus, those in their twenties possessed the most number of socks. Consumers in their twenties also had the largest proportion of socks among all the types of hosiery combined, with 47.1% of their hosiery being socks. 4. Consumers did tend to prefer cotton underwears, but according to the type of underwears, producting using mixed fabrics of cotton and synthetic fibers were also frequently worn. 5. The shape and form of underwear that consumers prefer in a ceratin time frame varies according to the latest fashion in outer wear. Therefore, planning design of underwear products by predicting the future trend of outer wear fashion is necessary.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2014

Background : This study aims to examine actual conditions of college students' life, behaviors to prepare for employment, and employment performance, thereby providing basic materials to create efficient measures for college students' employment strategies. Method : The subjects of this study were 207 graduates from the Department of Physical Therapy employed in medical and health institutions in Gyeongsangnam-do and Busan. Aquestionnaire devised by Yu Yeon-wha and Lim Gyeong-ae(2012, 2011) was revised and complemented into a self-reporting questionnaire composed of 29 questions. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Win 18.00 program. Results : 1) The biggest reason for the respondents' selecting physical therapy as a major was bright prospect for employment, and the largest percent of the respondents answered that they started to prepare for employment in the second semester of junior year. 2)Regarding behaviors to prepare for employment, those who largely provided information on employment were the respondents' seniors and friends. 62.3% of the respondents owned certificates and diplomas. 59.9% took part in programs related to employment in order to prepare for employment. Their weakest area was English and what they wanted to know most was annual salaries provided by companies. They put self-development and growth potential before everything as what should be considered in priority when getting a job. 3)The most frequently asked question in their interviews for employment was the motive for application. The biggest reason for their employment at their current institution was their good personality and manner. 4)As for employment performance, they were unsatisfied with their current average annual salary. Conclusion : School should provide consciousness education and employment coaching so that students can early prepare for employment with an active attitude. In particular, educational environment where many students can gain easy access to information about employment in diverse areas should be provided and student coaching should be actively conducted.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 질의응답시스템의 성능을 개선하기 위해 문장의 위치정보와 질의형태분류기를 사용하여 질의에 대한 대답순위를 조정하는 새로운 질의-문서 유사도 계산을 제안한다. 이를 위해 첫째로 문서내용을 표현하고 문서의 위치정보를 반영하기 위해 개념그래프를 사용한다. 이 방법은 문서비교에 대표적으로 사용되는 Dice-Coefficient에 기반하고 문장에서 단어의 위치정보론 반영한 유사도 계산이다. 두번째로 질의응답시스템의 대답순위를 개선하기 위하여 질의형태를 고려한 기계학습을 통한 질문에 대한 분류를 하였으며 이를 위해서 뉴스그룹의 FAQ 문서 30,000개를 가지고 기계학습 방법인 나이브 베이지안을 사용한 분류기를 구현하였다. 이에 대한 평가를 위해 세계적인 정보검색대회인 TREC-9의 질의응답시스템분야에 제출된 데이타를 가지고 실험하였으며 기존의 방법에 비해 자동학습기법을 사용하였음에도 평균상호순위가 0.29, 상위 5위에 정답을 포함시킨 경우가 55.1%의 성능을 보였다. 이 방법은 다른 시스템과 달리 질의형태분류를 기계학습 방법을 사용하여 자동으로 학습하는 것에 의의를 갖는다.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2019년도 제31회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.12-17
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• 2019

FAQ(Frequently Asked Questions) 질의 응답 시스템은 자주 묻는 질문과 답변을 정의하고, 사용자 질의에 대해 정의된 답변 중 가장 알맞는 답변을 추론하여 제공하는 시스템이다. 정의된 대표 질문 및 대응하는 답변을 클래스(Class)라고 했을 때, FAQ 질의 응답 시스템은 분류(Classification) 문제라고 할 수 있다. 종래의 FAQ 분류는 동일 클래스 내 동의 문장(Paraphrase)에서 나타나는 공통적인 특징을 통해 분류 문제를 학습하였으나, 이는 비슷한 단어 구성을 가지면서 한 두 개의 단어에 의해 의미가 다른 문장의 차이를 구분하지 못하며, 특히 서로 다른 클래스에 속한 학습 데이터 간에 비슷한 의미를 가지는 문장이 존재할 때 클래스 분류에 오류가 발생하기 쉬운 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제점을 해결하고자 서로 다른 클래스 내의 학습 데이터 문장들이 상이한 클래스임을 구분할 수 있도록 클래스 일치 여부(Class coincidence classification) 문제를 결합 학습(Jointly learning)하는 기법을 제안한다. 동일 클래스 내 학습 문장의 무작위 쌍(Pair)을 생성 및 학습하여 해당 쌍이 같은 클래스에 속한다는 것을 학습하게 하면서, 동시에 서로 다른 클래스 간 학습 문장의 무작위 쌍을 생성 및 학습하여 해당 쌍은 상이한 클래스임을 구분해 내는 능력을 함께 학습하도록 유도하였다. 실험을 위해서는 최근 발표되어 자연어 처리 분야에서 가장 좋은 성능을 보이고 있는 BERT 의 텍스트 분류 모델을 이용했으며, 제안한 기법을 적용한 모델과의 성능 비교를 위해 한국어 FAQ 데이터를 기반으로 실험을 진행했다. 실험 결과, 분류 문제만 단독으로 학습한 BERT 기본 모델보다 본 연구에서 제안한 클래스 일치 여부 결합 학습 모델이 유사한 문장들 간의 차이를 구분하며 유의미한 성능 향상을 보인다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate risk factor found in the patients with stroke in physical therapy. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 130 the patients, who had comparatively alert mentality, hospitalized in kyung hee oriental medical hospital with stroke from January, 1st to May 31st, 1996. Major findings of this stuty were as follows. 1. The stroke patients 67(51.5%)were males and 63(48.5%) femals. The age groups of 50 to 69 years accounted for 67.6% of the total stroke patients are the highest. The job groups of commerce and business of patients 58.5%. The living groups of major citys of the revealed the highest incidence(40.8%). 2. There were 40 patients (30.8 %) who had hemorrhage related condions as the direct cause of their stroke, and 90 patients (69.2 %) who had cerebral infarction with no hemorrhaging as the cause. of the disease that the patients suffered from before their stroke, blood pressure related problems were most numberous 76 patients(58.5%) had such problems. 3. A month before their attack of stroke, were asked what thay thought could become the causes of their strokes. The most frequently mentioned answers were fatigue, drinking too much, and smoking, as chosen by 45 patients(34.6 %). 4. In regarding the relation between stress and stroke, (37.7%), of the surveyed belonged to the most numerous group had of people who said they were not under stress. Yet this group had a large number of parents. And 22.3 % of the surveyed named conflicts among parents, siblings, and relatives. 5. Questions were asked to find out the relationship between complications of stroke and smoking or drinking. It was surprising to see a high rate of attack among the 55.4 % majority who answered that they did not smoke nor drink. 6. To sum up the affect of food on attack of stroke, 42.5% of the people who had a sprcey and salty diet had a higher rate of attack then the group of people with leisurely nature. 7. Looking at the family history, 40.4% of the patients said their parents also suffered the disease. This percentage is the highest. And 40.0% answered that there is no one who suffered in their family history. Judging from the percentages and family.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제79권
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• pp.140-164
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• 2016

컴퓨팅과 이동통신이 결합되면서 완전히 새로운 취향의 콘텐츠가 만들어지고 있는 모바일 시대에 맞는 기사 길이는 어느 정도일까? 지금까지 고급 저널리즘의 기준으로 인식되기도 한 긴 기사가 여전히 모바일 시대에도 적절할까? 인터랙티브와 검색 기능을 이용한 짧은 기사의 조합이 가독성과 정보량이라는 가치를 만족시켜줄 수 있지 않을까? 이런 문제에 대한 해답을 찾고자 하는 것이 이 연구의 목표다. 연구 방법으로는 현장 실험(field experiment)을 채택했다. 사전 조사를 통해 모바일 기기에서 '손을 쓰지 않고 한 눈에 볼 수 있는' 346자의 기사부터 신문과 방송 뉴스에서 자주 쓰이는 633자, 1033자, 1368자의 기사를 만들었다. 자극물은 길이만 다를 뿐 주요취지는 똑같아지도록 처치했다. 이를 성별, 계열, 학년을 동수로 할당한 대학생 샘플 384명을 대상으로 조사했다. 신문대판 혹은 모바일 페이지를 통해 자신에게 주어진 네 종류 중 하나의 기사를 접촉하고 선호도, 기사질 평가, 기억회상에 관련한 답을 하도록 했다. 분석결과 신문에서는 1033자와 346자의 기사가 고르게 좋은 평가를 받았다. 모바일에서는 손을 거의 움직이지 않고 볼 수 있는 346자와 633자가 고르게 좋은 평가를 받았다. 앞으로 점차 모바일 기계에 의존해 뉴스를 읽는 수용자가 늘어날 경우를 대비한다면 신문 지면의 기사도 346~633자를 기본으로 하는 다양한 전략을 고려해볼 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.220-234
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of a group of mothers who had infants about baby bottle tooth decay(BBTD) and dental caries prevention. The sample consisted of 261 mothers who had infants from 6 to 36 months from certain areas of Dae-jeon city. The mothers were asked to answer a questionnaire which included a series of questions regarding general information cencerning the infant and his mother, knowledge about BBTD and methods of prevention using fluoride, knowledge about behavioral risk factors contributing to caries of the infant, attitude toward oral health care of the infant, opinions regarding the effectiveness of methods to prevent dental caries and sources of oral health information. he results of this study were as follow. 1. 85.4% of the respondents thought that prolonged bottle feeding would harm the teeth of the infant, but 77% of the respondents had never heard of baby bottle tooth decay. 2. Levels of knowledge about methods of prevention using fluoride were relatively low and there were significant relationships between the levels of this knowledge and the educational level of the respondents(P<0.05). 3. Only 7.3% of the respondents thought that prolonged breast feeding would harm the teeth of the infant. 4. Overall oral health care of the infants was relatively insufficient. 5. Only 28.7% of the respondents selected either when the first tooth erupt or deciduous dentition complete as the time a infant should first be seen by a dentist. 6. 64.6% of the respondents thought that toothbrushing should be instituted once the first tooth appears. 7. Among the six methods of preventing caries in infants, respondents ranked the effective of fluoride lower than making regular dental visits and reducing intake of sugared foods. 8. Most frequently cited sources of information about dental health were newspapers, magazines and books(65%), followed by friends, neighborhoods and families (55%).

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2008

In order to provide basic information to help dental medical service with supplying gratifying service for patients. the survey is conducted on the patients who frequently visited dental clinics located in the areas such as Seoul, Kyoungi, and Incheon from May of 2006 to June. The survey results are as following : 1. Judged from the factors to make patients choose one dental clinic over another. the low cost of treatment accounts for 32.8%. and followed by physician's academic background / career experiences with 20.5%. In case of recommending to their acquaintances, physician's proficiency in treatment is ranked high as 56.7%. 2. For most desirable facilities for dental hospitals. the results indicate that cutting-edge medical equipment holds 46.7% and followed by a comfortable waiting room with 32.8%. 3. Examined the questions of what patients are most satisfied with dental clinics. 43.1% of respondents point out kind and detailed explanation. 14.1% also responds to constant care after the treatment. This result suggests that after-care and detailed explanation also play an important role in dental care as well as the treatment itself. 4. For desirable services in the waiting room. 28.5% of the respondents choose a selection of magazines and newspaper and 18.7% say that they want to converse with the staff. As to how long can wait with patience. 38.2% of the participants agree on as long as 20 minutes. 5. Among unsatisfactory sources against dental clinics while visiting, the high cost of the treatment is scored high as 34.1% and followed by a long waiting time with 22.1%. The figure points to the fact that dental medical clinics should consider these two factors to solve in the future. In case where patients find the treatment discontent and they are asked what to do, 36.4% of the respondents respond that they go to a different hospital without saying anything. As to the enquiry about how the complains should be dealt, 46.% wishes that the matter should be taken care immediately upon complaining, 21.8% suggests that they like to feel understood and acceptable when presenting complaints.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to survey the instructional state of the unit 'Small Living Things' in the Elementary School Science. for this study, 100 teachers were surveyed on teaching-learning practices. More specifically, questions were asked on the degree of accomplishing instruction objectives, frequency of field . study, experimental preparation, alternative instructional methods, amount of preparation, availability of reference books for teachers and availability of information materials on the Kwangju region. Our results show that teachers find the objectives related to the collection of living things for class experiments and the task of growing and observing them the most difficult to accomplish. It was reported that 38% of teachers have actually conducted field trips. The obstacles listed in going out on field study range from lack of knowledge of appropriate places, lack of time, to safety concerns. The most difficult problem in teaching this unit was preparing proper instructional materials, regardless of teacher's gender, career, and interest. Most respondents let children provide the experimental subjects. Teachers with collection experience tend to provide for the experimental materials themselves. Our Analysis also reveals that more than 70% of the respondents do not have adequate knowledge of the species dealt with in the unit. Gender, career, and interest area of the teachers did not make any difference (p< .05). In the case that proper experimental subjects have not been prepared, VTR, textbooks, and charts were reported as the most frequently used alternative instruction aids. The level of content and amount of knowledge contained in this unit were found to be appropriate. Information on instruction materials and experiment-observation were obtained through the teaching manual or periodicals (58%), information materials on the region(20%), and fellow teachers (12%). Reference books for teachers and materials on the region are perceived to be inadequate in order of importance in the areas of preparation method, level-wise learning guide, experimental observation, and information on species covered in text. Overall, it was judged that the highest concern was with obtaining experimental materials, and teacher's reference books and materials on the region need to be reinforced to allow teachers to more fully utilize them. Development and distribution of proper instruction-learning materials to the children's level is also required.