• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.820-830
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• 1997

Sleep is an essential component for health and the quality of life of individuals, and is affected by multiple factors. Thereby, sleep impairment is known to be frequent even in healthy subjects. The purpose of the study is to compare sleep patterns and related factors between healthy young and old adults and to identify aging effects upon sleep in a cross-sectional way. The survey questionnaire was developed by translation and modification of two well-known sleep questionnaires which were originally developed by Monroe(1967) and Ellis, et al. (1982). Discussion with experts and pilot study were completed to finalize the contents of the questionnaire that was used in this study. Results are as follows : 1. Sleep complaints were lower in older adults. 2. The most frequent variables that explain sleep satisfaction were feeling rested in the morning in the older adults and feeling rested and failing asleep within five minutes in the young adults. 3. Regarding sleep-disturbing factors, physical factors were more frequently reported in the older adults and environmental factors are reported more frequently in the young adults, and there was no difference related to the emotional factors between the two groups. 4. Young adults were practiced strategies for better sleep more often than the older adults, and they were mainly in-home activities just before sleep. 5. Sleep patterns which change with aging were as follows : going to bed and waking up earlier : not staying in the bed long after waking up ; getting harder to fall asleep ; frequent arousal after sleep onset ; getting harder to go back to sleep after arousal during night sleep. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that sleep and related factors of the young and the older adults are different. Also, sleep patterns change with aging and those changes seem to be negative for sleep in the elderly. Repeated studies are needed to establish more concrete information regarding sleep patterns. In addition, further research is needed to develop more reliable, valid, and feasible sleep measure tools, and to develop and evaluate nursing interventions.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2018

Most of those studies use frequency, the number of times a pattern appears in a transaction database, as the key measure for pattern interestingness. It prerequisites that any interesting pattern should occupy a maximum portion of the transactions it appears. But in our real world scenarios the completeness of any pattern is more likely to become various in transactions. Hence, we should also consider the problem of finding the qualified patterns with the significant values of the weighted support by completeness in order to reduce the loss of information within any pattern in transaction. In these pattern recommendation applications, patterns with higher completeness may lead to higher recall while patterns with higher completeness may lead to higher recall while patterns with higher frequency lead to higher precision. In this paper, we propose a measure of weighted support and completeness and an algorithm WSCFPM(weigted support and completeness frequent pattern mining). Our algorithm handles the invalidation of the monotone or anti-monotone property which does not hold on completeness. Extensive performance analysis show that our algorithm is very efficient and scalable for word pattern mining.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.1 s.111
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• pp.9-20
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• 2007

Groups of genes control the functioning of a cell by complex interactions. Such interactions of gene groups are tailed Gene Regulatory Networks(GRNs). Two previous data mining approaches, clustering and classification, have been used to analyze gene expression data. Though these mining tools are useful for determining membership of genes by homology, they don't identify the regulatory relationships among genes found in the same class of molecular actions. Furthermore, we need to understand the mechanism of how genes relate and how they regulate one another. In order to detect regulatory relationships among genes from time-series Microarray data, we propose a novel approach using frequent pattern mining and chain rules. In this approach, we propose a method for transforming gene expression data to make suitable for frequent pattern mining, and gene expression patterns we detected by applying the FP-growth algorithm. Next, we construct a gene regulatory network from frequent gene patterns using chain rules. Finally, we validate our proposed method through our experimental results, which are consistent with published results.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 2004

The World-Wide Web is the largest distributed Information space and has grown to encompass diverse information resources. However, although Web is growing exponentially, the individual's capacity to read and digest contents is essentially fixed. From the view point of Web users, they can be confused by explosion of Web information, by constantly changing Web environments, and by lack of understanding needs of Web users. In these Web environments, mining traversal patterns is an important problem in Web mining with a host of application domains including system design and Information services. Conventional traversal pattern mining systems use the inter-pages association in sessions with only a very restricted mechanism (based on vector or matrix) for generating frequent k-Pagesets. We develop a family of novel algorithms (termed WebPR - Web Page Recommend) for mining frequent traversal patterns and then pageset to recommend. Our algorithms provide Web users with new page views, which Include pagesets to recommend, so that users can effectively traverse its Web site. The main distinguishing factors are both a point consistently spanning schemes applying inter-pages association for mining frequent traversal patterns and a point proposing the most efficient tree model. Our experimentation with two real data sets, including Lady Asiana and KBS media server site, clearly validates that our method outperforms conventional methods.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

Since frequent item extraction so far requires searching for patterns and traversal for the FP-Tree, it is more likely to store the mining data in a tree and thus CPU time is required for its searching. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we provide each item with its location identification of transaction data without relying on conditional FP-Tree and convert transaction data into 2-dimensional position information look-up table, resulting in the facilitation of time and spatial accessibility. We propose an algorithm that considers the mapping scheme between the location of items and items that guarantees the linear time complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce many execution time and memory usage based on the data set obtained from the FIMI repository website.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

The present study employed an analytical framework that is characterised by a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative analyses with a specially designed computer software SpeechActConc to examine speech acts in business communication. The naturally occurring data from the audio recordings and the prosodic transcriptions of the business sub-corpora of the HKCSE (prosodic) are manually annotated with a speech act taxonomy for finding out the frequency of fillers, the co-occurring patterns of fillers with other speech acts, and the linguistic realisations of fillers. The discoursal function of fillers to sustain the discourse or to hold the floor has diverse linguistic realisations, ranging from a sound (e.g. 'uhuh') and a word (e.g. 'well') to sounds (e.g. 'um er') and words, namely phrase ('sort of') and clause (e.g. 'you know'). Some are even combinations of sound(s) and word(s) (e.g. 'and um', 'yes er um', 'sort of erm'). Among the top five frequent linguistic realisations of fillers, 'er' and 'um' are the most common ones found in all the six genres with relatively higher percentages of occurrence. The remaining more frequent realisations consist of clause ('you know'), word ('yeah') and sound ('erm'). These common forms are syntactically simpler than the less frequent realisations found in the genres. The co-occurring patterns of fillers and other speech acts are diverse. The more common co-occurring speech acts with fillers include informing and answering. The findings show that fillers are not only frequently used by speakers in spontaneous conversation but also mostly represented in sounds or non-linguistic realisations.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-94
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• 2000

Fingerprints of 114 Australian Aboriginal males and 90 females have been analyzed. Whorls are more frequent in males (56.7%) than in females (51.2%) and loops are less frequent in males (42.6%) than in females (47.0%). The index of pattern intensity displays a higher value in males (15.60) than in females (14.94). The bimanual differences both in males and females ave not statistically significant for the occurrence of patterns on the digits of the right and left hands. Also the difference between both sexes for the occurrence of patterns is not statistically significant. Incidences of actual symmetry on homologous digits represented 74.0% in males and 77.3% in females. The mean total ridge counts showed 156.65 $\pm$43.32 (M$\pmSD) in males and 148.6943.64 (M$\pmSD) in females, respectively. Conclusively, this study represents that the Australian Aborigines conform closely to the Polynesians in finger dermatoglyphics.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

Recent advances in the internet infrastructure have resulted in a large number of huge Web sites and portals worldwide. These Web sites are being visited by various types of users in many different ways. Among all the web page access sequences from different users, some of them occur so frequently that may need an attention from those who are interested. We call them frequent access patterns and access sequences that can be frequent the candidate patterns. Since these candidate patterns play an important role in the incremental Web mining, it is important to efficiently generate, add, delete, and search for them. This thesis presents a novel tree structure that can efficiently store the candidate patterns and a related set of algorithms for generating the tree structure, adding new patterns, deleting unnecessary patterns, and searching for the needed ones. The proposed tree structure has a kind of the 3 dimensional link structure and its nodes are layered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.658-667
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate frequently consumed menu patterns by the area and season, using the 24-hour recall method. Subjects were 1,041 living in five different Korean rural areas for the spring, autumn and winter. The purpose of this study is to suggest the menu pattern in rural areas for the basic data of the nutrition education program and nutrition intervention project by the area and season. The result are following : Most frequently used basic menu patterns, excluding side dishes, were rice＋soup in Yeoju, Hoensung and Jungup, rice＋stew in Ulsan, and only rice in Chungju. The most frequent menu pattern by the number of side dish was rice＋soup＋kimchi＋1 side dish in Yeoju and Ulsan were rice＋stew＋kimchi in Hoengsung, and was rice＋soup＋2 side dish in Chungju and Frequently used menu patterns by the kind of side dish weer rice＋soup＋kimchi＞rice＋stew＋kimch＞rice＋kimchi＞noodle＋kimchi in the order The most frequent menu pattern was rice＋soup＋kimchi in spring and autumn, and was rice＋stew＋kimchi in winter. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) in spring and autumn was higher than that in winter. MAR in Ulsan is higher than that of other areas. With these results, we can conclude that there are difference in menu pattern by the season and area. For the nutrition program in the community, menu patterns should be carefully examined by the season and area. The results from this study can be used as basic data for nutrition education program in Korean rural areas.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2020

Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the therapeutic direction and characteristics of gastrointestinal diseases by three societies of Korean medicine by comparing the frequent disease patterns and prescriptions of them. Methods The experts of the three societies of Sasang constitutional medicine, Hyungsang medicine and Sanghan-GeumGwe medicine discussed and confirmed a list of clinical data to make use for diagnosis. Then, clinical data on 200 patients suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms were collected. The each experts diagnosed appropriate disease patterns and decided prescriptions according to the method of their affiliated society. Results and Conclusions The three different societies' experts showed the similarity in the sense of categorizing disease patterns focusing on the specific physiology and pathology of the patients, while the each societies have different diagnosis systems. Treating chronic gastrointestinal patients, they treated the mental or psychological symptoms of the patients as well as their physical problems. Based on this study, it is necessary to develop a systematic and precise research model to objectively and statistically analyze the correlation of disease patterns and prescriptions by different societies.