• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

Since collaborative filtering has used the nearest-neighborhood method based on item preference it cannot only reflect exact contents but also has the problem of sparsity and scalability. The item-based collaborative filtering has been practically used improve these problems. However it still does not reflect attributes of the item. In this paper, we propose the method of associative group using the FP-Tree to solve the problem of existing recommendation system. The proposed makes frequent item and creates association rule by using FP-Tree without occurrence of candidate set. We made the efficient item group using $\alpha-cut$ according to the confidence of the association rule. To estimate the performance, the suggested method is compared with Gibbs Sampling, Expectation Maximization, and K-means in the MovieLens dataset.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.207-223
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• 2006

Classroom teachers measured children's social competence(SC). Thirty-two children were observed while they participated in cooperative art activities in homogeneous(high SC with high SC, or low SC with low SC) and heterogeneous(mixed SC) groups. Results showed that positive peer interaction was the most frequent type of interaction. Children with lower levels of social competence worked alone rather than in peer interaction. Children with higher levels of social competence showed more positive peer interaction. 'Imitating', a sub-item of dependent peer interaction, was most frequent in children with lower levels of social competence. Higher SC children maintained high SC regardless of grouping, but lower SC children showed significant differences in peer interaction between homogeneous and heterogeneous groups.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.471-477
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• 2018

As time changes, users change their interest. In this paper, we propose a method to provide suitable service for users by dynamically weighting service interests in the context of age, timing, and seasonal changes in ubiquitous environment. Based on the service history data presented to users according to the age or season, we also offer useful services by continuously adding the most recent service rules to reflect the changing of service interest. To do this, a set of services is considered as a transaction and each service is considered as an item in a transaction. And also we represent the association of services in a graph and extract frequent service items that refer to the latest information services for users.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2011

With the increasing utility of the recent information system, the methods to pick up necessary products rapidly by using a lot of data has been studied. Association rule search methods to find hidden patterns has been drawing much attention, and the Apriori algorithm is a major method. However, the Apriori algorithm increases search time due to its repeated scans. This paper proposes an algorithm to reduce searching time of frequent items. The proposed algorithm creates matrix using transaction database and search for frequent items using the mean number of items of transactions at matrix and a defined minimum support. The mean number of items of transactions is used to reduce the number of transactions, and the minimum support to cut down on items. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed by the comparison of search time and precision with existing algorithms. The findings from this study indicated that the proposed algorithm has been searched more quickly and efficiently when extracting final frequent items, compared to existing Apriori and Matrix algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in water law and drinking water standards in Korea and five other countries. The documentary research method was used for this study and the Dong-A newspaper(1920-1993), journal and book related water pollution law were used as an analysis data. The results can be summarized as follow: 1. Law related water pollution in Korea was legislated last and characterized by frequent law revision in comparison with other countries. 2. Drinking water standards in Korea was strict in standard item and standard value.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

Recently with developments of an internet and web techniques, the amount of data that are stored in database is increasing rapidly. So the range of adaption in database has been expanded and a research of Data Mining techniques finding useful skills from the huge database has been progressed. Many original algorithms have been developed by cutting down the item set and the size of database isn't required in the entire course of creating frequent item sets. Although those skills could save time in some course, it requires too much time for adapting those techniques in other courses. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed. In an Transaction Database that the length of it's transactions are short or the number of items are relatively small, this algorithm scans a database once by using a Hashing Technique and at the same time, stores all parts of the set, can be appeared at each transaction, in an Hash-table. So without an influence of n minimum percentage of support, it can discover a set of frequent items in more shorter time than the time what is used by an original algorithm.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine comparison in the frequency and importance of nurse's job in new graduate nurses working in musculoskeletal ward. Method: A descriptive design was used with convenience sampling of 72 new graduate nurses working in musculoskeletal ward of the 2 hospitals with over 500 beds. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: 1) The total score for frequency of nurse's job was $2.57{\pm}.41$ and the total score for importance of nurse's job was $3.00{\pm}.37$. 2) The most frequent category was to manage for a medication and the most frequent item was to administer a medication in the order. 3) The most important category was to control of tissue perfusion and the most important item was to keep the aseptic techniques. 4) The frequencies among the work places were different significantly in 3 categories. 5) The importances among the work places were different significantly in 2 categories. Conclusion: New graduate nurses perceived the importance than the frequency of nurse's job. Also check or analysis the vital sign and nurses job associated with medication were higher score. Therefore, further research is needed to develop the educational strategies to strengthen not only theory also practice.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms, anxiety, and depression after stroke. Eighty-four patients were enrolled between 2 and 12 months after their first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: PTSD symptoms were evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale (IES). The IES is a 15-item scale measuring intrusion and avoidance symptoms. The authors assessed mood alterations using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The HAD is a brief, 14-item, self-reported questionnaire used to detect symptoms of anxiety (HADA) and depression (HADD). The survey data were analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 program. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, percentage t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were determined. Results: Twenty nine of the 84 (34.5%) patients scored higher than the cutoff for PTSD on the IES (IES>26). With use of the HAD scale, 44% of the patients reached the cutoff for anxiety ($HADA\;{\geq}8$). On the HSD scale, 44.1% of the patients reached the cutoff for depression ($HADD\;{\geq}8$). PTSD symptoms and anxiety were more frequent in women under age 39, without spouses, who had operations. Depression was more frequent in patients without spouses. There was a statistically significant correlation among posttraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: There was statistically significant correlation among PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression in stroke patients. Therefore, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention for stroke patients with these clinical manifestations.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2004

Recently, various location-based services are becoming very popular in mobile environments. In this paper, we propose a new concept of a frequent item set, called “associative class set”, for supporting the location-based service which uses a large quantity of a spatial database in mobile computing environments, and then present a new method for efficiently generating the associative class set. The associative class set is generated with considering the temporal relation of queries, the spatial distance of required objects, and access patterns of users. The result of our research can play a fundamental role in efficiently supporting location-based services and in overcoming the limitation of mobile environments. The associative class set can be applied by a recommendation system of a geographic information system in mobile computing environments, mobile advertisement, city development planning, and client cache police of mobile users.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to provide basic data for future policies regarding the expansion of health insurance, through investigating the current status of Oriental herbal medicine insurance as perceived by the public. Methods : Questionnaire was developed through literature searches, in-depth interviews, item generation and item reduction. The questionnaires were further refined by a focus group. 221 surveys were retrieved from the general public. Results : The in-depth interviews, reveal that the public is aware of the various forms of Oriental herbal medicine formulas, except for the use of mixture of which are soluble granules covered by insurance. The public awareness of the soluble granules turned out to be so low that enhanced awareness of it is required. The public identified decoctions as the most preferred formula as well as the most effective formulas out of all Oriental herbal medical formulas. They also suggested that it should be the first to be included when the insurance policy expands in the future. The public had frequent experienced not choosing Oriental herbal prescription due to the high cost. Insurance coverage of Oriental herbal prescription is much needed. The public indicated that they will make frequent visits to the KMD if the insurance covers Oriental herbal prescriptions. Conclusions : The current status quo of Oriental herbal medicine insurance showed that the public identified decoctions as the most preferred, most effective and the top priority to be covered by insurance.