• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.456-466
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• 2010

전형적인 하이브리드 모터의 연소 불안정 현상인 DC-Shift는 비선형적 특성을 갖는다. DC-Shift는 두 가지 형태로 나타나게 되는데, 압력이 급격하게 상승하는 양의 DC-shift와 연소 도중에 압력이 갑자기 감소하는 음의 DC-shift로 구분된다. 이 논문에서는 산화제 공급 유동 조건을 다양하게 변화시켜 음의 DC-shift 현상을 유도하고 산화제 공급 유동조건과 하이브리드 로켓이 갖고 있는 기본적인 주파수와 Helmholtz 주파수, 음향모드와의 공진을 유도하여 음의 DC-shift 현상의 발생 조건과 특징에 대하여 알아보았다. 실험 결과 연소 중 수백 Hz 대역의 압력 주파수 이동을 확인하였으며, 음의 DC-Shift가 연소로 발생하는 주파수와 유동의 흐름으로 인한 주파수간 위상이 상호 감쇠되어 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연소 중 나타나는 주파수의 변화에 따른 DC-Shift 현상에 대해서는 계속 연구되어야 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shift work on occupational safety in various industrial sectors. The study analyzes the effects of shift work on the health of workers by considering factors such as the workplace environment and welfare. Methods: Focusing on the $4^{th}$ Korean Working Conditions Survey, this study used an ordinary least-square multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was the annual frequency of injuries reported by workers. Independent variables were categorized as demographic, shift work, workplace environment, and welfare variables. The analysis was conducted on two levels: 1) Shift work and nonshift work groups were compared, and 2) Shift work was compared with fixed and rotating shifts. Results: For the entire group, age, a low level of education, work hours, and daily and dispatch work negatively impacted the frequency of injuries. Shift work was negatively affected by workplace environment and welfare factors. In the shift group, the frequency of injuries was lower than that of regular workers, and the higher the autonomy in the choice of work hours, the lower the frequency of injuries. Furthermore, shift workers in Korea have more extended work hours (49.25 h/week) than other workers (46.34 h/week). Conclusion: Overall, welfare factors such as workplace satisfaction and worke-life balance reduced the frequency of injuries. The effect of shift work was limited, but it was confirmed that shift worker autonomy could reduce the frequency of injuries.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2008

기존의 대표적인 디지털 통신방식으로 주파수 편이 변조(FSK: frequency shift keying), 위상 편이 변조(PSK: phase shift keying), 진폭 편이 변조(ASK: amplitude shift keying) 방식들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 통신에서 스케일링 함수(scaling function)와 웨이브릿(wavelet)을 이용한 새로운 웨이브릿 편이 변조(wavelet shift keying) 시스템을 제안한다. 웨이브릿 변환은 저주파 계수와 고주파 계수로 구성된다. 입력이 1인 신호에 대하여 임펄스 응답을 구하면, 스케일링 함수와 웨이브릿 함수로 나누어진다. 스케일링 함수를 1로, 웨이브릿 함수를 0으로 할당하여 2진 데이터를 변조한다. 모의실험 결과 제안한 알고리즘이 잡음에 강인함을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.3391-3396
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• 2012

Two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy can probe the fast structural evolution of molecules under thermal equilibrium. Vibrational frequency fluctuation caused by structural evolution produced the time-dependent line shape change in 2D-IR spectrum. A variety of methods has been used to connect the evolution of 2D-IR spectrum with Frequency-Frequency Correlation Function (FFCF), which connects the experimental observables to a molecular level description. Here, a new method to extract FFCF from 2D-IR spectra is described. The experimental observable is the time-dependent frequency shift of maximum peak position in the slice spectrum of 2D-IR, which is taken along the excitation frequency axis. The direct relation between the 2D-IR peak shift and FFCF is proved analytically. Observing the 2D-IR peak shift does not need the full 2D-IR spectrum which covers 0-1 and 1-2 bands. Thus data collection time to determine FFCF can be reduced significantly, which helps the detection of transient species.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2024

The natural frequency shift under cyclic environmental loads is a key issue in the design of monopile-based offshore wind power turbines because of their dynamic sensitivity. Existing evidence reveals that the natural frequency shift of the turbine system in sand is related to the varying foundation stiffness, which is caused by soil deformation around the monopile under cyclic loads. Therefore, it is an urgent need to investigate the effect of soil deformation on the system frequency. In the present paper, three generalized geometric models that can describe soil deformation under two-way cyclic loads are proposed. On this basis, the cycling-induced changes in soil parameters around the monopile are quantified. A theoretical approach considering three-spring foundation stiffness is employed to calculate the natural frequency during cycling. Further, a parametric study is conducted to describe and evaluate the frequency shift characteristics of the system under different conditions of sand relative density, pile slenderness ratio and pile-soil relative stiffness. The results indicate that the frequency shift trends are mainly affected by the pile-soil relative stiffness. Following the relevant conclusions, a design optimization is proposed to avoid resonance of the monopile-based wind turbines during their service life.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.1933-1938
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• 2008

기존의 대표적인 디지털 통신방식으로 주파수 편이 변조(FSK: Frequency Shift Keying), 위상 편이 변조(PSK-Phase Shift Keying), 진폭 편이 변조(ASK: Amplitude Shift Keying) 방식들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 통신에서 2진 정합필터를 이용하여 웨이브릿 편이변조 신호를 복원하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 웨이브릿 편이 변조 시스템은 스케일링 함수(scaling function)와 웨이브릿(wavelet)을 이용한다. 스케일링 함수를 1로, 웨이브릿 함수를 0으로 할당하여 2진 데이터를 변조한다. 기존의 웨이브릿 편이 변조시스템에서는 복원을 위해 후처리가 필요하였다. 본 논문에서는 웨이브릿 편이 변조 수신기에서 2진 정합필터를 이용하여 웨이브릿 편이 변조 신호를 복원한다. 그래서 별도의 후처리 과정 없이 복원이 가능하였다. 모의실험 결과 제안한 알고리즘이 타당함을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제22권1E호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

We propose new time-frequency (TF) tools for analyzing linear time-varying (LTV) systems and nonstationary random processes showing hyperbolic TF structure. Obtained through hyperbolic warping the narrowband Weyl symbol (WS) and spreading function (SF) in frequency, the new TF tools are useful for analyzing LTV systems and random processes characterized by hyperbolic time shifts. This new TF symbol, called the hyperbolic WS, satisfies the hyperbolic time-shift covariance and scale covariance properties, and is useful in wideband signal analysis. Using the new, hyperbolic time-shift covariant WS and 2-D TF kernels, we provide a formulation for the hyperbolic time-shift covariant TF symbols, which are 2-D smoothed versions of the hyperbolic WS. We also propose a new interpretation of linear signal transformations as weighted superposition of hyperbolic time shifted and scale changed versions of the signal. Application examples in signal analysis and detection demonstrate the advantages of our new results.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2020

The dynamic coupling between shaker and test-article has been investigated by recent research through the so called Virtual Shaker Testing (VST) approach. Basically a VST model includes the mathematical models of the test-item, of the shaker body, of the seismic mass and the facility vibration control algorithm. The subsequent coupled dynamic simulation even if more complex than the classical hard-mounted sine test-prediction, is a closer representation of the reality and is expected to be more accurate. One of the most remarkable benefits of VST is the accurate quantification of the frequency down-shift (with respect to the hard-mounted value), typically affecting the first lateral resonance of heavy test-items, like medium or large size Spacecraft (S/Cs), once mounted on the shaker. In this work, starting from previous successful VST experiences, the parameters having impact on the frequency shift are identified and discussed one by one. A simplified analytical system is thus defined to propose an efficient and effective way of calculating the lower bound frequency shift through a simple equation. Such equation can be useful to correct the S/C lateral natural frequency measured during the test, in order to remove the contribution attributable to the shaker in use. The so-corrected frequency value becomes relevant when verifying the compliance of the S/C w.r.t. the frequency requirement from the Launcher Authority. Moreover, it allows to perform a consistent post-test correlation of the first lateral natural frequency of S/C FE model.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.229-232
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• 2009

하이브리드 로켓의 연소 과정에서 DC-shift 현상을 관찰할 수 있다. 이와 같은 현상은 갑작스런 구조적 문제를 일으키거나 추력의 감소를 가져와 성능의 저하를 유발한다. DC-shift 현상에 대한 이해를 통해 하이브리드 로켓의 연소 안정의 조건을 알 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 음향모드와 와류유출주파수를 이용하여 DC-shift 현상을 유도하고 주파수의 변화에 따른 DC-shift 현상의 발생 조건과 세기에 대해서 알아보았다. DC-shift 현상에 대한 실험적 연구를 통하여 연소 안정의 조건을 정의하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1983

In this paper, center frequency down slift of ultrasonic echo signals which for the measurements of frequency dependent attenuation in the biological tissue are estimated. Center frequency down shift of echo-signals are estimated after signal spectrum analysis of whole echo-signals. In case of signal spectrums are simple, estimation of down shift frequency is very simple and in case of complicate spectrum, estimation of down shift frequency is depend on spectral shape. In case of unable to estimate, frequency dependence of medium is nonlinear(n) 1), in which upper shift of spectrums are presented. In case of unable to estimate, spectrum analysis are performed at local position. At consquence, we know that spectral dispersions are caused complicately by biological tissue layer.