• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new method to determine the recognition units for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) in Korean by applying unsupervised segmentation and merging. In the proposed method, a text sentence is segmented into morphemes and position information is added to morphemes. Then submorpheme units are obtained by splitting the morpheme units through the maximization of posterior probability terms. The posterior probability terms are computed from the morpheme frequency distribution, the morpheme length distribution, and the morpheme frequency-of-frequency distribution. Finally, the recognition units are obtained by sequentially merging the submorpheme pair with the highest frequency. Computer experiments are conducted using a Korean LVCSR with a 100k word vocabulary and a trigram language model obtained by a 300 million eojeol (word phrase) corpus. The proposed method is shown to reduce the out-of-vocabulary rate to 1.8% and reduce the syllable error rate relatively by 14.0%.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2009

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a epithelial developmental cyst which were first described by Phillipsen in 1956. The frequency of OKC has been reported to vary from 3% to 11% of odontogenic cysts. The most characteristic clinical aspect of OKC is the high frequency of recurrence. The mechanism of recurrence is thought to be related to residues of cyst epithelium and an intrinsic growth potential following excision. And since the lining of the OKC is thin and friable, removal of the cyst in one piece may sometimes be difficult. Complete removal of the cyst lining without leaving behind remnants attached to the soft tissue or bone is necessary to avoid recurrence. Therapeutic approaches vary in different studies from marsupialization and enucleation, which may be combined with adjuvant therapy such as cryotherapy or Carnoy's solution, to marginal or radical resection. The recurrent rate varies from approximately 20% to 62%. And OKC in the angle-ramus region of the mandible had a higher tendency to recur, because of the difficulty in accessing and removing OKC from the ramus. By employing a sagittal splitting of the mandible a good surgical access was provided and cyst could be removed completely. We present an illustrative case of a small, lobulated OKC that involved ramus on mandible, and a review of the contemporary literature.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.152-167
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• 2016

This paper investigates the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for two-hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) decode-and-forward (DF) relay network, where a relay harvests energy from radio frequency signals transmitted by a source and then uses the harvested energy to assist information transmission from the source to its destination. The power splitting receiver is considered at the relay. To explore the performance limit of such a SWIPT-enabled system, a resource allocation (RA) optimization problem is formulated to maximize the achievable information rate of the system, where the power allocation, the subcarrier pairing and the power splitting factor are jointly optimized. As the problem is non-convex and there is no known solution method, we first decompose it into two separate subproblems and then design an efficient RA algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve the maximum achievable rate of the system and also show that to achieve a better system performance, the relay node should be deployed near the source in the SWIPT-enabled two-hop OFDM DF relay system, which is very different from that in conventional non-SWIPT system where the relay should be deployed at the midpoint of the line between the source and the destination.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

X-선 유방촬영술은 유방암의 조기발견을 위해 가장 일반적으로 이용되고 있다. 유방암의 조기 발견과 진단의 효율성을 증가시키기 위하여 많은 영상향상 방법들이 연구개발 되었다. 본 논문은 디지털 맘모그램을 위하여 라플라시안 피라미드에서 대비척도를 이용한 다중 스케일 대비 향상 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 입력 영상을 가우시안 피라미드와 라플라시안 피라미드로 분해하고, 분해된 다해상도 영상의 피라미드 계수들은 저주파수 성분들과 고주파수 성분들의 비율로 대역 제한된 국부 대비척도를 정의한다. 대비 향상을 위하여 정의된 대비척도를 이용하여 분해된 피라미드 계수들을 수정하고, 수정된 계수들로 피라미드 복원 과정을 거처 최종 향상된 영상을 얻는다. 제안된 방법의 성능은 실험을 통하여 기존 방법들과 향상결과를 비교하고, 대비 측정 알고리즘을 이용한 정량적인 평가결과에서 우수한 성능을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.321-341
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• 2011

Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was conducted for mortar specimens under three types of static loading patterns (cubic-splitting, direct-shear and pull-out). Each of the applied loading patterns was expected to produce a particular fracture process. Subsequently, the AEs generated by various fracture or damage processes carried specific information on temporal micro-crack behaviors of concrete for post analysis, which was represented in the form of detected AE signal characteristics. Among various available characteristics of acquired AE signals, frequency content was of great interest. In this study, cement-based piezoelectric sensor (as AE transducer) and home-programmed DEcLIN monitoring system were utilized for AE monitoring on mortar. The cement-based piezoelectric sensor demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and broad frequency domain response range after being embedded into mortar specimens. This broad band characteristic of cement-based piezoelectric sensor in frequency domain response benefited the analysis of frequency content of AE. Various evaluation methods were introduced and employed to clarify the variation characteristics of AE frequency content in each test. It was found that the variation behaviors of AE frequency content exhibited a close relationship with the applied loading processes during the tests.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 2017

자기 공진 기반의 무선전력전송 시스템에서, 송수신 공진기가 가까워짐에 따라 전력비 효율이 급격히 감소하는 주파수 스플리팅 현상은 근거리에서 안정적인 전력 전송을 위하여 반드시 해결해야 하는 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 등가회로 모델을 이용하여 무선전력전송 시스템을 모델링하고, 전력비 효율 및 주파수 스플리팅이 발생하는 한계 커플링 계수($k_{split}$)를 도출하였다. 또한, Advanced Design System을 이용하여 회로 수준의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 k>$k_{split}$ 의 환경에서 송수신 공진기의 구조에 따라 달성 가능한 전력비 효율이 다름을 보였다. 동일한 구조의 공진기의 경우 k가 커지더라도 높은 수준의 전력비 효율을 유지하는 반면, 상이한 구조의 공진기의 경우 k가 커짐에 따라 전력비 효율도 감소함을 확인했다. 그러므로 k>$k_{split}$를 만족하는 근거리 환경에서 안정적인 전력비 효율을 달성하기 위해서는 상이한 구조의 공진기보다는 동일한 구조의 공진기를 사용하는 것이 더 효율적이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1277-1282
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• 2016

차세대 무선 통신 시스템에서는 RF 에너지 하베스팅 기술을 이용하여 센서의 전원 부족 문제를 해결하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 채널 추정 오차가 존재하는 에너지 하베스팅 네트워크에서 무선 정보 및 전력 동시 전송을 위한 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 먼저, 1차원의 완전 검색을 통해 최적의 채널 추정 주기를 찾은 후, MMSE 채널 추정기를 이용하여 채널을 추정한다. 추정된 채널 값을 기반으로, 최소 필요 획득 에너지 조건을 만족시켜주면서 데이터 전송률을 최대화할 수 있는 파워 할당 및 분할 방안을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안 방안은 완벽한 채널 추정을 가정한 최적 방안에 비해 10% 미만의 성능 저하가 있었지만, 기존 방안과 비교할 시에는 데이터 전송률을 20% 이상 향상시킴을 확인 하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권1A호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2007

대각 행렬(unitary matrix)을 이용하여 다중 안테나와 같은 효과를 내기 위한 방법을 USTM (unitary space-time modulation)이라 부르고, 대각행렬 변조(UMM)시에 coherent bandwidth 만큼의 간격(splitting)을 적용한 한 개의 안테나 OFDM시스템(UMM-S/OFDM)을 모델로 삼아 주파수 diversity를 확보하였다. 다중 경로 Rayleigh 페이딩 채널 환경에서 시뮬레이션을 통하여 2개의 송신안테나를 갖는 USTM/OFDM과 한 개의 안테나를 갖는UMM-S/OFDM 시스템의 다중레벨 변조방식을 비교하고, 종래의 다중 OFDM 성능과 UMM-S/OFDM 시스템의 Hz당 부호율 변화에 따른 성능을 비교하였다. 또한, 전송율 변화에 따른 다중 STBC/OFDM과 다중UMM-S/OFDM 시스템의 SNR과 관계를 분석하였으며, SNR을 개선하기 위하여 다중레벨을 적용한 N-ary PSK와 다중레벨 M-ary QAM을 갖는 UMM-S/OFDM 시스템에 대한 성능을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1470-1478
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• 2018

Recently, wireless power transfer (WPT) via coupled magnetic resonances has attracted a lot of attention owing to its long operation distance and high efficiency. However, the WPT systems is over-coupling and a frequency splitting phenomenon occurs when resonators are placed closely, which leads to a decrease in the transfer power. To solve this problem, an adaptive frequency tracking control (AFTC) was used based on a closed-loop control scheme. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed with the AFTC to track the maximum power point in real time. In addition, simulations were carried out. Finally, a WPT system with the AFTC was demonstrated to experimentally validate the improved PSO algorithm and its tracking performance in terms of optimal frequency.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2021

We describe a single-channel rubidium (Rb) radio-frequency atomic magnetometer (RFAM) as a receiver that takes magnetic signal resonating with Zeeman splitting of the ground state of Rb. We optimize the performance of the RFAM by recording the response signal and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in various parameters and obtain a noise level of 159 $fT{\sqrt{Hz}}$ around 30 kHz. When a resonant radiofrequency magnetic field with a peak amplitude of 8.0 nT is applied, the bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio are about 650 Hz and 88 dB, respectively. It is a good agreement that RFAM using alkali atoms is suitable for receiving signals in the very low frequency (VLF) carrier band, ranging from 3 kHz to 30 kHz. This study shows the new capabilities of the RFAM in communications applications based on magnetic signals with the VLF carrier band. Such communication can be expected to expand the communication space by overcoming obstacles through the high magnetic sensitive RFAM.