• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

Purpose : There are two modalities, those are small bowel series(SBS) and abdominal pelvic computed tomography(CT), for diagnosis of small bowel disease. The aim of this study is to lend radiological technologists who are doing the two modalities assistance in the understanding characteristic of disease by comparing the two results. Meterials and method : 284 patients were examined the two SBS and abdominal pelvic CT together from 1999 to 2003. 250 ml $BaSO_4$ suspension 40 w/v% and 600ml carboxy methyl cellulose 0.5 w/v% were used for SBS. Abdominal Pelvic CT was examined in one hour before taking 450 ml $BaSO_4$ suspension 1.5 w/v%. The CT scan was done in 72 sec after 150 ml contrast media injection. the used protocol was helical mode 5:5 mm pitch 1.375:1, speed 27.50, exposure 120 kv, 240 mA, tube rotation time 0.5 sec. the statistic analysis was conducted with statistical program SPSS 10 version with frequency and crossing analysis. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results : In the results of SBS, normal findings were 131 patients(46.1%), inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) 64(22.9%), ischemia+ileocolitis+vasculitis 22(7.7%), Obstruction+stricture 21(7.7%) and Others 45(15.9%). In the results of abdominal pelvic CT, normal findings were 103 patients(36.3%), inflammatory bowel disease 65(22.9%), wall thickening+lymphadenopathy 42(14.8%), Fluid collection 17(6%), and Others 57case(20%). The same results of the two were 130patients(45.8%). 30patients(10.6%) of normal finding in SBS were diagnosed as wall thickening+lymphadenopathy and IBD in CT, and 15patients(5.3%) of normal finding in CT were diagnosed as ischemia+ileocolitis+vasculitis, mass and IBD in SBS(p<0.05). Transit time delay was diagnosed in 10patients(3.5%) on only SBS, wall thickening+lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in 20patients(7%) in only CT(p<0.05). Conclusion : We think that proper examination method will be selected in the small bowel disease, if we understand the characteristics of the disease and method.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

Recently the development of portable digital wireless imaging system, which acquires digital radiation images by using wireless LAN telecommunications function in an easy and fast way, provides lots of convenience for people. Considering the characteristics of portable imaging tests on emergency and critical patients, this study aims to suggest guidelines for Digital wireless detector by evaluating the effect of de-centering of focus-grid and displacement of subject in detector on the quality of image. The equipments used for this study were Elmo-T6 Digital Mobile X-ray system (SIMAZU Corp.), el' Tor ($14{\times}17$ "Wireless detector), Grid (10:1) and Chest & head phantom. After acquiring post-processing image according to dose increase and de-centering image of grid-focus and head phantom displacement image, this study compared, analyzed and evaluated these images by using a digital image analysis program by Image J. In the change of images based on dose increase, images were rough in the dose of 0.5 mAs, while there was no difference among images in the proper dose of 1~2 mAs and, especially from 2.5 mAs, average value of pixels radically decreased, affecting contrast. Over 3 mAs, contrast dropped due to saturation phenomenon of lungs. As the result of analysis using Image J program, with the increase of displacement between focus-grid and head phantom, the frequency of low pixel value also increase, causing the outline of surface image to disappear, which in turn affects contrast. For better quality imaging, a radiographer must be aware before the time of test that the image quality can be changed based on the critical patient's posture, movement, respiration, displacement of X-ray tube and distance of imaging.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering with different flow rates of $O_2$ gas from 0 to 12 sccm. Electrical and optical properties of these films were characterized and analyzed. ITO deposited on soda lime glass and RF power was 2 kW, frequency was 13.56 MHz, and working pressure was $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr, Ar gas was fixed at 1,000 sccm. The transmittance was measured at 300~1,100 nm ranges by using Photovoltaic analysis system. Electrical properties were measured by Hall measurement system. ITO thin films surface were measured by Scanning electron microscope. Atomic force microscope surface roughness scan for ITO thin films. ITO thin films secondary electron emission coefficient(${\gamma}$) was measured by ${\gamma}$-Focused ion beam. The resistivity is about $2.4{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and the weighted average transmittance is about 84.93% at 3 sccm oxygen flow rate. Also, we investigated Work-function of ITO thin films by using Auger neutralization mechanism according to secondary electron emission coefficient(${\gamma}$) values. We confirmed secondary electron emission peak at 3 sccm oxygen flow rate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding whole crop barley silage (WBS) on the growth performance, gain, feed requirement, carcass grade and beef quality of Hanwoo steers in 1999 to 2001. Twenty one steers were allocated, and divided into three treatment groups which fed rice straw only (control), WBS only, and fresh rice straw silage plus WBS during overall period ad libitum. Concentrates were fed at 1.5% level of live-body weight during growing stages, 4~12 months of age, at 1.8% level of live-body weight during early fattening stages, 13~18 months of age, and ad libitum after late fattening stages, 19~27months of age. The production yields of WBS were 17,135 kg as a silage, and 6,011 kg as a dry matter per ha, and the quality of WBS was 2~3 grade, while that of rice straw silage was 4grade. The daily gain with feeding of WBS (0.70 kg) during experimental period was higher than that of control group (0.65 kg), and the concentrate requirement (7.31 kg) per kg gain in WBS was lower than that of control (8.95 kg). The effects of gain and feed efficiency were very distinct during growing stage. i.e., the daily gain of WBS (0.84 kg) was increased by 65% compared to control (0.51 kg), and the concentrate requirement (4.16 kg) per kg gain in feeding of WBS was decreased by 35%, compared to control (6.39 kg). Meat quality with WBS was higher than that of control. Frequency rate of 1 and/or $1^+$ grade, and marbling score of feeding of WBS were 62.5% and 4.38, while those of control were 37.5% and 2.75, respectively. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that Hanwoo beef fed with WBS were better than that of control. In conclusion, feeding of WBS was desirable to improve daily gain, reduction of concentrates, feed efficiency and meat quality of Hanwoo steers.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2015

In South Korea, various nature-like fishways recently been installed for use by a wide variety of fish species. However, limited attempts have been made to monitor the fish utilization. The present study was conducted to ascertain the frequencies and patterns of utilization of the fishway installed at Beakjae Weir. We collected fish species that use the fishway by installing a fyke net at the exit of the fishway at least once a month from April 2013 to October 2013. Additionally, in order to identify all fish species that can potentially use the fishway, we investigated the fish fauna downstream to Beakjae Weir (mainstream of the Geum River). We found that 10 species belonging to 2 families used the fishway; this accounted for 64% of the total species inhabiting the mainstream. The species that used the fishway most frequently were Microphysogobio jeoni, followed by Squaliobarbus curriculus and Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis. The highest number of fish using the fishway was observed in August, which was positively correlated with the water temperature (Spearman rank correlation, $r_s$=0.743, P=0.035). The sizes of the fish using the fishway varied widely, with the total body length ranging from 39 mm to 550 mm. Analysis of the time-dependent utilization frequency revealed that most fish used the fishway during the night (20:00~08:00). Compared to other fishways installed along the Geum River, the fishway installed at Beakjae Weir was used by fewer species and fish. This may be attributed to the structural inadequacy of the fishway, thereby resulting in a low attraction efficiency. Therefore, measures should be adopted to enhance the fishway attraction and passage efficiency. The results of this study can be used to ensure efficient operation and management of the Beakjae Weir fishway as well as serve as basic data for developing and building nature-like fishways tailored to Korean situations.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2018

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates was investigated at 1,157 sites of 7 main water systems in Korea, including 442 sites of Han River system (Namhan River, Bukhan River, Han River main stream, Anseongcheon, etc.), 305 sites of Nakdong River system (Nakdong River, Hyeongsan River, Taehwa River, etc.), 199 sites of Geum River system (Geum River, Sapgyocheon, Mangyeong River, Dongjin River, etc.) 102 sites of Seomjin River system (Seomjin River), 102 sites of Yeongsan River system (Yeongsan River, Tamjin River, etc.), and 7 sites of Jeju stream system. A total of 151 families were found in the whole survey sites, including 141 families in Han River, 122 in Nakdong River, 115 in Geum River, 106 in Seomjin River, 113 in Yeongsan River, and 50 in Jeju. Chironomidae (20.8%) was the most dominant species in Korea, followed by Hydropsychidae (17.1%), Baetidae (12.6%), Tubificidae (10.3%), Heptageniidae (8.6%), Ephemerellidae (6.3%), Asellidae (2.7%), Leptophlebiidae (2.4%), Planariidae (1.7%), and Tipulidae (1.6%). Substrates compositions consisted of large sand (22.6%), large gravel (18.4%), silt (10.5%), and boulder (8.2%). The mean stream width was 133.5 m and the mean watercourse width was 61.7 m. The mean water depth and velocity were 30.2 cm and $33.1cm\;s^{-1}$, respectively. Results of cluster analysis based on distributional characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates were divided into six groups according to the frequency of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa which appeared in the study area. Finally, altitude, current velocity and substrate composition were the most influencial factors determining the distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate communities.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1991

This study researched the dietary habit of boy's and girl's high school students, and into low it was connected with the state of health between the group of having the right dietary habit and the group of having the wrong habit. Results were as follows: 1. The age about the object person of research was the most numerous in 79% at 16~17 years old, the average weight was $55.67\pm9.08$kg, the average height was $165.47\pm7.56$cm. 2. In the parent's school career of the object person of research, persons who graduated high school were many. The mother's educational level was lower than the father's school career. The parent's school career in the district south of a river was higher than the parent's school career in the district north of a river. And the parent's school career of cultural students was high. 3. The frequency of food intake in the district north of a river and in the district south of a river was a meaningful difference in the vegetables blended in green and yellow things (p<.01), fruit (p<.05), rice, flour, potatoes (p<.05), and so the district north of a river took less than the district south of a river. 4. The most regular diet in a day was lunch. The appetite of the students was generally good. 5. The general environment and state of health were a meaningful difference about melancholia (p<.05) in the district of north and south of river, and so melancholia in students of the north of a river was high. 6. The state of health according to regular diet was a meaningful difference, so regular student was better than irregular student in state of health, and was the same in study. 7. Eating habit correlated much to each state of health, Especially in physical health, the muscular frame correlated to fruit (p<.001), seaweeds (p<.05), fried food, jun, panbroiled food (p<.05), salty taste (p<.05), sour taste(p<.001).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 1998

Questionnaire survey was done on the utilization status of college feeding facilities by students. Three hundred and nine students from three universities in Daejeon city, Korea participated in this survey. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Students who had experience of utilizing college feeding facilities were totalled to two hundred and ninety six. Among them 87.50% students were utilizing for lunch. Female students utilization ratio for lunch was 17.94% higher than male. College B students showed specially low utilization ratio. 2. Utilization frequency ratio of once per day was the highest as 30.72%. College C showed the highest utilization ratio. 3. Students utilized the campus food services most frequently as 47.97%, the restaurant outside campus the next and snack corner in the campus the last. 4. Reasons for the utilization were listed as low price, time saving, near place and no other place to eat. 5. Reasons for the not utilization were indicated as tasteless, simple menu and noisy and crowded. 6. Recommendations for the improvements of' college feeding facilities can be summarized to emphasize on taste, menu variation, sanitation, price decrease and comfortable atmosphere.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.404-413
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• 2013

This study was conducted to assess the dietary habits and behaviors of college students in the Northern Gyeonggi-do Region(Republic of Korea). To accomplish this, a survey was conducted to investigate the preference, intake frequency and menus of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks by male and female students. Most male and female students had irregular breakfasts with the main reasons for skipping a meal 'not enough time' (47.3, 45.5%) and 'irritating' (19.0, 21.9%), respectively. The principal breakfast menu for both was 'rice and side dishes'. The lunch time for male and female students was regular, and the lunch cost made up most of their spending money. The snack time of male and female students was mostly 'between lunch and dinner'. The snack menus of male and female students were 'cookies' (25.8, 19.0%), 'drinks' (18.0, 14.4%), and 'breads' (16.9, 13.2%), respectively. For male students, the reasons of snack intake were 'hunger' (46.1%), 'boredom' (15.7%), and 'habitual' (9.0%). For female students, the reasons were 'hunger' (28.2%), 'habitual' (22.4%), 'boredom' (15.5%). Half of the college students had regular delivery foods for reasons of 'hygiene', 'taste', and 'nutrition' in the order and in consideration of being the elderly. The facility foodservice was also used half of the college students for the reasons of being 'economic' (30.9, 22.6%), and 'liberated from preparing meals' (21.4, 23.8%), respectively. Both male and female students were found to have less knowledge of the facility foodservice in the elderly. Based on these results, greater efforts should be made to provide meaningful information regarding the dietary habits and behaviors of college students, especially, when elderly.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics on the growth and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of forty eight ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) pigs ($55.3{\pm}1.5 kg$ average initial body weight) were randomly assigned to four groups and fed on a diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% probiotics for 58 days. The pigs were slaughtered at approximately 105 kg live weight. Supplementation with 0.2% probiotics significantly (p<0.05) increased daily gain compared to the control. The daily gain of pigs in the 0.2% probiotic group was 0.95 kg whereas that of the control was 0.85 kg. The average feed intake was 2.79-2.84 kg and there were no significant differences in feed intake between the control and test groups. The feed conversion of the 0.2% probiotic group was 2.96 kg whereas the control showed a feed conversion of 3.28 kg. The results of this study imply that supplementation with 0.2% probiotics may improve the feed conversion of pigs. There were significant differences in carcass weight, carcass ratio, backfat thickness, and frequency percentage of A grade carcasses between the control and probiotic test groups. In addition, the moisture, crude protein and crude ash contents of the probiotic treated groups did not differ significantly from the control group, however the crude fat values of the 0.2% probiotic test group was significantly tower than the other groups. The muscle pH levels of all samples ranged from 5.63-5.67 which is the normal pH of pork. The supplementation of probiotics resulted in decreased lightness ($L^*$) values and increased redness ($a^*$) values. Furthermore, the saturated fatty acid contents of the 0.2% and 0.5% probiotic test groups decreased and the unsaturated fatty acid contents increased relative to the control.