• 복식
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2014

This thesis aims to compare the representative costume patterns of the Chinese Qing dynasty and contemporary $18^{th}$ century French costumes. As a research method, qualitative research was performed to compare and analyze the patterns of the flowers, the birds and pagoda shown in Qing dynasty and France. The results are as follows: The Chinese flower patterns used the embroidery technique for 3-step gradation colors to decorate flowers with less than 10 petals. Also, the forms of the flowers were large and simple in China. The flower patterns of the 18th century France is more similar to those of Qing dynasty than to the traditional French flower patterns. They used the drawing technique for the gradation colors and completed the work by embroidery. In the case of bird patterns, the crane on menswear, and the phoenix on women's wear were applied to signify the symbolic feature of the Chinese symbolism. On the other hand, those in France were used solely for the division of the gender. As a result the clear form of the birds in China contrasted with the unclear forms of birds in France. During the influx of mandarine square to France from China, the application of crane and phoenix according to gender seems to be stressed emphatically without considering their symbolic meaning. In light of the pagoda pattern, Qing dynasty showed interest only in the form of pagoda, denoting the simple two-tier structure without detailed description. Whereas in France, the pagodas were three or four tiers, with gorgeous colors and much more detail than those of Qing dynasty. In conclusion, the main determinants of influences on the patterns of France from China would be forms, colors, constructions and technique of embroidery, along with the disregard for symbolic significance.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2012

Jean Renaudie was an French architect who designed many urban social housing in France, especially in the city of Ivry-sur-Seine, near Paris, with Renee Gailhoustet, co-responsible as the architect of this city, communist city from long time. He was formed as an architect by the influence of Auguste Perret and Marcel Lods, two french architects, great specialist of the structure of concrete. He formed the Atelier Montrouge with Pierre Riboulet, Gerard Thurnauer, Jean-Louis Verret, and proposed many innovative projects, based on geometrically pure forms and masses. After he joined Renee Gailhoustet, the architect of the City of Ivry-sur-Seine, as a co-responsible for the redevelopment of this ideologically communist city. His urban housing concept approached to take the function as a space to welcome the urban life of the resident, not to offer the physical provision of housing repeating the simple housing unity. He accentuated the social role of Housing project not only as the level of a personal home but also as that of an urbanism. He offered divers choice opportunity to the citizen by the urban functional complex through his efforts to make characteristic complex of urban housing, and by the consequence, the innovative result was done which ameliorated the quality of life for resident. This is an exceptional example, not only in France but even in whole over the world. But the maintenance of building against the oldness and the closing shop of inside commercial zone of Jeanne Hachette became a problem, not only that of physical amelioration but also that of spiritual conservation of the works of Jean Renaudie.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2007

고속액체크로마토그라피/질량분석기를 이용하여 가공 식품 중 아크릴아마이드를 분석하였다. 대상 식품은 감자칩 (6종), 프렌치후라이 (11종)으로 총 17종이었다. 시료를 균질화하여 3차 증류수로 추출하고 C18 및 혼합이온교환수지 카트리지를 이용하여 정제한 후 LC/MS/MS으로 분석하였다. 이동상으로는 0.1% 초산과 0.5% 메탄올을 함유하는 수용액을 사용하였으며, 대상물질의 특이이온을 ESI 질량분석기로 확인 및 정량하였다. 평균 회수율은 91~101%이었으며, 정량한계는 $10{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 대상식품의 유형에 따라 검출 수준에 차이를 나타냈으며, 평균 검출수준은 감자칩은 0.71 mg/kg, 프렌치후라이는 0.34 mg/kg이었다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2023

This paper studies the free vibration behavior of bi-dimensional functionally graded (BFG) nanobeams subjected to arbitrary boundary conditions. According to Eringen's nonlocal theory and Hamilton's principle, the underlying equations of motion have been obtained for BFG nanobeams. Moreover, the variable substitution method is utilized to establish the structure's state-space differential equations, followed by forming the dynamic stiffness matrix based on state-space differential equations. In order to compute the natural frequencies, the current study utilizes the Wittrick-Williams algorithm as a solution technique. Moreover, the nonlinear vibration frequencies calculated by employing the proposed method are compared to the frequencies obtained in previous studies to evaluate the proposed method's performance. Some illustrative numerical examples are also given in order to study the impacts of the nonlocal parameters, material property gradient indices, nanobeam length, and boundary conditions on the BFG nanobeam's frequency. It is found that reducing the nonlocal parameter will usually result in increased vibration frequencies.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.877-884
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• 2017

A method of common earth, which is proposed by French Railway(SNCF) and is applied to high speed railway, minimizes the effect of the traction return current from tracks so that trackside electric devices can be protected and operation and maintenance staffs are kept out from injury in an electric railway environment. According to it, all the new domestic electric railway lines are replaced from existing individual earth method to the common earth method. In this paper, we analyze the correlation between common earth method and traction return current to prove whether the common earth has surely contributed to minimize the effect of the traction return current. The analysis was done based on the measurement of the traction return current at the domestic high speed railway line.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.709-719
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• 1997

알고리즘의 성능은 여러 측면에서 측정할 수 있다 하나의 질의 구성(Quvery Formulaiton)알고리즘이 개발되었다고 가정할때, 이 알고리즘 검색 성능의 효과과성 (재현율과 정확율)이 다른 알고리즘에 비해 우수하다하였도 질의 작성 시간적인 측면, 즉 효율성에서 다른 알고리즘에 뒤진다면 모든 면에서 우수하다고 평가하기 어렵다.본 연구에서는 질의나무(Query tree)라고 불리는 자동 질의 재구성 알고리즘과 다른 2개의 알고리즘(DNF method,Dilon's method)을 이론적 측면과 실시간 측정에 Sun SparcsStation 2를 이용하여 비교하여 보았다. 3가지 Test set 인 CACM,CISI,그리고 Medlars을 이용하여 실험한 질과 질의나무 알고리즘이 이론적, 실시간 측면 모두에서 가장빠른 알고리즘이라는 결과가 나왔다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2023

본 연구는 가열하여 섭취하는 냉동식품 중 빵류 20건 및 서류가공품 30건과 식품접객업소의 조리식품 중 감자튀김 20건을 대상으로 가열조리에 따른 아크릴아마이드 함량을 분석하였다. 에어프라이어를 이용한 냉동식품의 조리 전·후 아크릴아마이드 함량과 식품접객업소 조리식품의 아크릴아마이드 함량을 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하고 비교하였다. 아크릴아마이드 함량은 에어프라이어 조리 후 빵류 4건에서 0.167-0.401 mg/kg, 서류가공품 24건에서 0.071-0.694 mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 식품접객업소 조리식품은 모든 제품에서 0.118-0.977 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 이 중 국내 아크릴아마이드 권장규격인 1 mg/kg을 초과한 제품은 없었다. 하지만 유럽연합의 benchmark level (0.5 mg/kg)을 초과한 냉동 제품 3건을 튀김기 조리법으로 가열 조리하였을 때, 서류가공품 1건이 국내 권장규격을 초과하여 1.83 mg/kg으로 검출되었다. 아크릴아마이드에 대한 국내 노출량이 증가하는 추세이므로 아크릴아마이드 저감화를 위해 지속적인 평가와 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2005

Recently, hotel industry has realized the importance of food and beverage sales for the profit maximization, and the focuses on restaurant management has been growing. Accordingly, menu management in the F/B department is one of the most key factors determining the success or failure of business. Therefore, in this study, entree menu items of french restaurant in the deluxe hotel was analysed with presently theorized model of menu analysis, classified into four menu items. Also it was analyzed how those classified menu items influence on sales, number of sold, food cost percentage, contribution margin And, proper ways was presented to make restaurant managers and menu planner in order to increase food operation sales through proper modifications and methods on various menu analysis matrix. In Pavesic's menu analysis method, all of menu items have impact on the sales, number of sold, contribution margin and Primes, Sleepers do so on the food cost. The finding of this study was that Pavesic's menu analysis is superior to menu analysis in terms of the sales, number of sold, food cost percentage, contribution margin. Therefore, Pavesic's menu analysis is useful and efficient method in order to conduct menu engineering.

• 한국관광식음료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국관광식음료학회 2005년도 학술논문발표집
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• pp.80-91
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• 2005

Recently, hotel industry has realized the importance of food and beverage sales for the profit maximization, and the focuses on restaurant management has been growing. Accordingly, menu management in the F/B department is one of the most key factors determining the success or failure of business. Therefore, in this study, entree menu items of french restaurant in the deluxe hotel was analysed with presently theorized model of menu analysis, classified into four menu items. Also it was analyzed how those classified menu items influence on sales, number of sold, food cost percentage, contribution margin And, proper ways was presented to make restaurant managers and menu planner in order to increase food operation sales through proper modifications and methods on various menu analysis matrix. In Pavesic's menu analysis method, all of menu items have impact on the sales, number of sold, contribution margin and Primes, Sleepers do so on the food cost. The finding of this study was that Pavesic's menu analysis is superior to menu analysis in terms of the sales, number of sold, food cost percentage, contribution margin. Therefore, Pavesic's menu analysis is useful and efficient method in order to conduct menu engineering.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2008

Philippe Starck is a famous french designer known for his creative works in all aspects of life from architectural space to product design. Especially, in regard to furniture, he designed more than 250 works with various design characteristics. This study therefore aims to examinate the characteristics of furniture designed by Philippe Starck through assessment of his design background and philosophy, evaluation of fifty or so of his works in terms of their function, form, material, and emotions, and lastly through a chronological analysis. As a result from this study, following various results are drawn as design characteristic through forty six representative cases: 1) possibility of fabrication and transformation 2) multi-function or optional function for user 3) pursuit of simplicity using the characteristic of singular material or mono block and immateriality 4) emotional approach in design 5) non-design method such as use of archetype or historical form.