• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds on the antioxidative defense system and oxidative stress in rats fed a high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of high fat high cholesterol diet group (HF), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.1% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEA), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.2% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEB) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.5% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEC). Supplementation of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds groups (HEA, HEB and HEC) resulted in significantly increased activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in microsome and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the groups supplemented with red pepper seeds ethanol extracts. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide content in the mitochondria was reduced in ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented groups. TBARS values in the liver were reduced in red pepper seeds ethanol extracts supplemented groups. Especially, HEB and HEC groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic carbonyl values were significantly reduced in mitochondria in these supplemented groups. These results suggest that red pepper seeds ethanol extracts may reduce oxidative damage, by activation of antioxidative defense system in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate the changes in the lipid composition and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in serum of rats exposed to microwave radiation, and to examine improving effects of green tea catechin to the lipid composition. The microwave-exposed rats received the normal and one of 3 diets: catechin free (MW-0C), 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C) or 0.5% catechin (MW-0.5C). Rats were sacrificed 6th day after microwave radiation (2.45 ㎓, 15 min). The concentration of serum triglyceridein MW-0C group was increased by 85%, compared with the normal group, but that of MW-0.25C group with 0.25% catechin supplementation was to 17% lower, compared with the MW-0C group. There was no significant difference between normal group and MW-0.5C group. Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by 21.4% and 38.6%, respectively, by microwave irradiation. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in MW-0C group was lower to 29.3%, but it was maintained at the normal level by catechin supplementation. There was no significant difference among four groups in HLD-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol. Atherogenic index in MW-0C group was increased by 56%, compared with the normal group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in lung tissue of MW-0C group was increased by 59 %, while that of MW -0.25C and MW -0.5C group were maintained at the normal level. ACE activity of MW-0C group in serum was increased by 122.8%, compared with the normal group. Catechin supplementation group was significantly reduced, compared with the MW-0C group ACE activity. In conclusion, microwave irradiation increased the serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and ACE activity which are considered as the blood pressure increasing agents. However, catechin supplementation decreased the level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ACE activity, which maybe consider catechin as being agent of lowering effect for blood lipid profile for athero-genesis.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1971

As a result of analyzing the change of material substance of all sorts biochemically and comparing the control with ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation (800${\gamma}$, 40 Min), incubating the silkworm eggs (Bombyx mori L.) as the objective in the process of growth of embyro shortly before hatching, the following conclusion has been found. 1. Ascorbic acid has shown the maximum increase of 319 r/g in the Byong B embyro stage and in other words it has increased during the period of vigorous metabolism of the materials in eggs but it has decreased before hatching after that period. 2. Triglyceride has shown the increase of 27.54 mg/g in the Byong A stage, the early period of incubation and in other words it has increased in the period of activation of cells in eggs but it has gradually decreased during the growth of embyro after that period. Great change of either total cholesterol or free cholesterol has not been shown from the early period till shortly before hatching. 3. Free fatty acid has shown the minimum decrease of 257.4$\mu$ mole/g in the Byong A stage in which triglyceride increases greatly. On the contrary, it has shown the increase of 1, 020.0$\mu$ mole/g in Ki A stage in which triglyceride decreases. As a whole, the fact that free fatty acid increases according to the growth of embyro in eggs has been found. 4. Glucose has shown the increase of 281.2 mg/g in control during tile Pigment stage and it has shown the increase of 179.6 mg/g in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation during the same period. The difference in quantity between the former and the latter is due to the fact that the growth of embyro has been influenced by the radio active. Glucose has changed with free fatty acid and phosphorus the other way round. 5. Control organic phosphorus has shewh the increase of 5.23mg/g during the Byong B or Ki A in which organ and tissue in the emhyro has been formed. Organic phosphorus in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation has shown the increase of 5.73mg/g during Ki B. Inorganic phosphorus has shown only a little change in the control and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. The phosphorus in both has shown a little quantity in the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation in the early period of incubation. After the Ki A embyro, it has increased rapidly and it has increased till the hatching more continually than in control. The about results of the research will be helpful and instructive to the betterment and improvement, breeding and management of animals and plants.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on hormone levels, lipid profiles and total antioxidant status in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Total 11 women with polycystic ovary syndrome were supplemented daily with 150mg of isoflavone for 6 months. Blood samples were collected 0, 3, and 6 months after supplement of isoflavone for analysis of LH, FSH, E2, testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG levels, serum lipid profiles, and total antioxidant status (TAS). Results: After 6 months isoflavone supplementation, the hormone levels did not change significantly. Serum lipid profiles did not show any significant change in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein(a), and free fatty acid levels. However, there was significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) for 3 months. Total antioxidant status was increased significantly after isoflavone supplementation for 6 months (p<0.05). Conclusion: Isoflavone supplementation showed positive effects on the HDL-cholesterol and total antioxidant status. it is implicated that isoflavone supplementation will may have a effect on cardiovascular disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Benincasa hispida (Wax gourd) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The diabetic animals then had plasma glucose concentration of above 300mg/dl. The experimental groups were divided into five groups; normal, STZ-control and three Wax gourd groups (5%, 10% and 20% intake groups). Normal and STZ-control groups were fed on a AIN-93 diet and experimental groups were fed a AIN-93 diet with the Wax gourd powder (5%, 10% and 20%/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The body weight, diet intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were monitored. The blood glucose and cholesterol levels were determined everyweek. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids in plasma and levels of glycogen in liver and muscle were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratios in 15 and 20% Wax gourd groups were higher than in STZ-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in all Wax gourd groups than in STZ-control group. The plasma insulin levels in diabetic groups were not significantly different compared to the normal group, but the level of 20% Wax gourd group was higher than other diabetic groups. The experimental diabetic groups showed the higher levels of muscle glycogen compared to STZ-control group. The lower levels of plasma cholesterol were noticed in 20% Wax gourd group throughout the experimental period. The plasma level of triglyceride was elevated in STZ-diabetic control and the levels were slightly decreased in Wax gourd groups. Rats of 10% Wax gourd group showed the lower levels of plasma free fatty acids. It is suggested, from the results, that the possibility of therapeutic or preventive use of wax gourd to the diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.619-625
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• 2001

Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-245g by injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into the tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg and were divided into seven groups ; normal, diabetic control, and five experimental groups(fractions of hexane, chloroform(CHCl$_3$), ethylacetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH) and water($H_2O$)). The rats of all groups were fed on AIN-93 diet and the five experimental groups were orally administered each fraction for 14 days. The body weight and diet intake were monitored daily. The plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The plasma glucose levels of the CHCl$_3$, and $H_2O$ fraction groups were significantly lower than the other experimental groups. The plasma insulin level of the CHCl$_3$ fraction group was much higher than that of diabetic control group. The plasma cholesterol levels were increased in all the experimental groups. The groups of hexane, BuOH and H2() fractions showed the lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to diabetic control group. The plasma free fatty acid levels were not significantly different in all groups. HDL-cholesterol levels were definitely higher in hexane, CHCl$_3$ and EtOAc fraction groups than that of diabetic control group. In conclusion, administration of CHCl$_3$ and $H_2O$ fractions of methanol extract of Alisma canaliculatum exhibited hypoglycemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats, showing the possibility of therapeutic use of Alisma canaliculatum to the diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2002

We have investigated the effects of the solvent fractions from the aleurone layer of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi on plasma glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups, normal, diabetic control, and four experimental groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of streptozotocin(45 mg/kg body weight) into tail vein, and fraction of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi was administered orally in experimental rats for 14 days. The body weight, glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid level, and aminotransferase activities were analyzed. It was identified that acetone and anthocyanin fractions significantly reduced the levels of glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid in plasma of diabetic rats. And HDL-cholesterol levels of acetone and anthocyanin groups were higher than those of diabetic control group. From these data, it can be postulated that acetone and anthocyanin fractions might possess rather potent hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic effects of five Korean wild vegetables, Aralia continentalis (A. con.), Castanea crenata (C. cre.), Xanthium strumarium (K, str.), Alisma canaliculatum (A. can,) and Eupatorium chinense var. simplicifolium for tripartium (E. tri) which have been utilized for the traditional remedies were investigated in this study. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of streptozotocin (STZ) into the tail veins at a dose of 45 mg/kg. Five groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed one of each experimental diet containing 10% of the Korean wild vegetable powder and normal and STZ-control rats were fed the control diet for five weeks. The body weight change, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and organ weights were compared. The plasma levels of glucose, protein, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and aminotransferase activity were determined. Mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents of the Korean wild vegetables were analyzed. The body weight gain was higher in normal, C. cre., A. can. and E. tri. groups than in the diabetic control group. The FER of C. cre., A. can. and E. tri. groups was significantly higher (p.＜0.05) than that of diabetic control group. Liver weight was heavier in A. con., X. str. and A. can. groups compared with the diabetic control group. The weights of kidney were lighter in all five Korean wild vegetable groups than in the diabetic control group. After five weeks, the plasma glucose level tends to be decreased in A. con., A. can. and E. tri. groups. Plasma cholesterol level was decreased the Korean wild vegetables except for X. str. group. Plasma HDL- cholesterol level was significantly higher in A. con., A. can. and E. tri. groups compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were significantly higher in X. str. group compared with the diabetic control group. Mineral contents were higher in E. tri. (Ca, K, Na and Fe). The results suggest that the intakes of A. con., A. can. and E. tri. have a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats showing the possibility as the valuable food resources for the prevention of diabetic mellitus.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-130
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture on Diabetes Mellitus induced by streptozotocin in rat. Body weight, serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, free cholesterol and total protein were measured in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat injected with Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture solution at Pisu(BL20) respectively for 30 days. In order to study the effects of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture at Pisu(BL20) on Diabetes Mellitus induced by Streptozotocin in rat, The groups were divided into five groups; Normal group(non treated group), N.-Saline group(administration of injection with normal saline at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection), Control group(non treated group after streptozotocin injection), H. Acup. group (administration of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection), and Acup. group (administration of acupuncture at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. As compared with Control group, there wae no significant tendency to diminish the rate of weight loss in H. - Acup. group. 2. As compared with Control group, there wae signiticant increase of serum insulin level in H. -Acup. group. 3. As compared with Control group, there was decrease of glucose level in H.- Acup. group. 4. As compared with Control group, there was decrease of triglyceride level in H. - Acup. group. 5. As compared with Control group, trere wae increase of HDL cholesterol level in H. - Acup. group. 6. As compared with Control group, there was significant increase of free cholesterol level in H. - Acup. group. 7. As compared with Control group, there was Increase of total protein level in H. - Acup. group. According to above mentioned results, Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture was expected to be effective in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.393-408
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• 1996

The effect of various levels of ascidian tunic extracts and carophyll pink on the growth rate, pigmentation, lipid and total cholesterol accumulation, and fatty acid compositions were studied in kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. The kuruma prawn was fed the purified diets with or without ascidian tunic extract and carophyll pink at the levels of 100, 200, and 400 ppm for 8 weeks. In the experiment diet with ascidian tunic extracts or carophyll pink, the values of daily growth rate were ranged between $1.065\;to\;1.292%$, compared with control group. The content of astaxanthin in kuruma prawn was not significantly affected by the feeding levels of tunic extracts. Feeding of the tunic extracts, on the other hand, increased the kuruma prawn lipid and total cholesterol content, and pigment deposition in concentration-dependent manners without influencing the free astaxanthin concentration of prawn flesh and heads between two feeding groups(200 and 400 ppm). And it was also demonstrated that the dietary astaxanthin was deposited in kuruma prawn body tissue mainly as astaxanthin esters. The results suggest that the best feeding strategy for pigmentation in kuruma prawns is the diets with ascidian tunic extracts at the level of 4g/kg feed (200 ppm) for 8 weeks.