• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.265-277
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• 1996

Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and -yang, were tested for the effects of on free radical generating enzyme and lipid peroxidation in rat's kidney. In vitro, levels of lipid peroxide in tissues of brain were proportionally decreased to concentration of extracts prepared from Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum. They were much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron (Fe+2), In vivo, after both herbs were administered to the rat, levels of lipid peroxide in kidney were decreased only in Jwagyuyeum. The enzyme activities and the ratio of type conversion of xanthine oxidase were decreased only in Jwagyuyeum. But, We can't see special changes in Woogyuyeum. The enzyme activities of aldehyde oxidase was lowered in both herbs, especially Jwagyuyeum was much more done. These results suggest that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum decrease the activities of free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase which form lipid peroxide.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-80
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• 1995

Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and -yang, were tested for the effects of on free-radical generating enzyme and lipid peroxidation. In vitro, levels of lipid peroxide in tissues of liver were proportionally decreased to concentration of extracts prepared from Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum. They were much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron (Fe+2). In vivo, after both herbs were administered to the rat, levels of lipid peroxide in liver were decreased only in Jwagyuyeum. And, enzyme activities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in liver were not changed. It was guessed that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum inhibited lipid peroxidation directly, or acted on free radical resolving enzymes which decrease lipid peroxide. Consequently both herbs, particularly in Jwagyuyeum might delay aging.

• ALGAE
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2006

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of red algae in Jeju Island. The algal extracts were obtained with MeOH and fresh water at 20 and 70°C, and screened for antioxidant activities using hydroxyl radical (HO·), superoxide anion (O2–), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and DPPH free radical scavenging assays. Among them, Gracilaria verrucosa methanolic extract at 20°C (20ME, 96.85%), G. textorii aqueous extract at 20°C (20AE, 88.01%), Grateloupia filicina 20AE (85.35%), and Polysiphonia japonica 20ME (94.92%) exhibited the highest scavenging activities against HO·, O2–, H2O2, and DPPH free radicals, respectively. Moreover, P. japonica (20ME and 70ME) is correlated between DPPH free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic contents. These results indicate that some red algae in Jeju Island could be potential candidates for development of antioxidants.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2002

Recently, we reported (korean J. Biomed. Lab. Sci., 6(4): 245-251, 2000) that cyclohexane (l.56 g/kg of body wt., i.p.) administration led to lung injury in rats. However the detailed mechanism remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of lung damage induced by cyclohexane in rats. First, lung damage was assessed by quantifying bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) protein content as well us by histopathological examination. Second, activities of serum xanthine oxidase (XO), pulmonary XO and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes. XO tope conversion (O/D + O, %) ratio and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. In the histopathological findings, the vasodilation, local edema and hemorrhage were demonstrated in alveoli of lung. And vascular lumens filled with lipid droplets, increased macrophages in luminal margin and increased fibroblast-like interstitial cells in interstitial space were observed in electron micrographs. The introperitoneal treatment of cyclohexane dramatically increased BAL protein by 21-fold compared with control. Cyclohexane administration to rats led to a significant rise of serum and pulmonary XO activities and O/D + O ratio by 47%,30% and 24%, respectively, compared witれ control. Furthermore, activities of pulmonary oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, and GSH content were not found to be statistically different between control and cyclohexane-treated rats. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of cyclohexane to rats may induce the lipid embolism in pulmonary blood vessel and lead to the hypoxia with the ensuing of oxygen free radical generation, and which may be responsible for the pulmonary injury.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1971

Free radicals of lysozyme produced by $Ti-H_2O_2$ system were studied in aqueous solution at room temperature using ESR with a continuous flow-mixing. The spectra, each consisting of a doublet with 5.5 G splitting and a broad resonance covering 80 G splitting are closely similar in shape to that for solid irradiated in vacuum at $77^{\circ}K$ and observed at room temperature immediately on warming. The result is assumed to indicate that the secondary protein radical components formed within 0.01 second, dead time of the mixing chamber, and initiated by hydrogen atom abstraction at ${\alpha}$-carbon atom of peptide chain in liquid solution at room temperature are identical to those resulting from the initial formation of a mixture of positive holes and negative ions by ionization processes as well as radical fragments by the rupture of chemical bonds in the solid during similar time at the same temperature. A broad resonance is observed with considerable amplitude on the high field side of the doublet, which is quite dissimilar to the spectra of irradiated solid lysozyme. This resonance was tentatively attributed to the polypeptide free radical in which unpaired electrons are localized on side chain.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.80-82
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• 2003

Since reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in carcinogenesis and other human diseases including neurodegenerative states, antioxidants present in natural products have received considerable attention for alleviation of these disease states. Therefore, in order io identify antioxidants in plant extracts, fifty-seven methanolic extracts derided from indigenous Korean plants were primarily assessed for potential to scavenge stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. As a result, nine plant extracts were found to exhibit the DPPH free radical scavenging activity in the criteria of $IC_{50}<40\;{\mu}g/ml$. In particular, the extracts of Melioma oldhami $(IC_{50}=0.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Myrica rubra $(IC_{50}=16.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Sympolocos paniculata $(IC_{50}=23.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Carpinus laxiflora $(IC_{50}=25.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and Cleyera japonica $(IC_{50}=26.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$ showed a potent radical scavenging activity. Further study for the identification of active compounds from these lead extracts might be warranted.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant potential of A. lanata on oxalate mediated free radical toxicity in ethylene glycol induced calcium oxalate urolithic rats. Calcium oxalate (CaOX) stone was induced by 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. From $29^{th}$ day onwards, the CaOX urolithic rats were treated with A. lanata aqueous suspension (2,000 mg/kg body weight/dose/day) orally for another 28 days. At the end of experimental periods the animals were sacrificed, samples were collected and analyzed the lipid peroxidation product, protein oxidation product, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in normal and experimental groups. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products were significantly elevated while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in ethylene glycol induced CaOX urolithic rats when compared with control rats. The above alterations were reverted to near control in rats treated with aqueous suspension of A. lanata. This study suggests that A. lanata could prevent the free radical formation from calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats and protecting the renal cells from oxidative injury.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.212-217
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• 1999

The effects of nuruk and wheat bran on cholesterol level in serum and activities of free radical metabolizing enzymes were investigated in rats. The rats were fed a diet containing nuruk or wheat bran for one month. Body weight and food intake were measured. Animals were sacrificed after one month. The increased food efficiency ratio throughout whole growth period was observed in the rats fed with either nuruk containing Aspergillus terreus or wheat bran compared with control group on normal diet. In the rats fed with nuruk, hepatic GSH content, glutathione S transferase activity, hepatic cytochrome P 450 content, and aniline hydroxylase activities were generally increased. In the rats fed with nuruk containing other fungi except Aspergillus terreus, xanthine oxidase activity was decreased. The decreased cholesterol level in serum was observed in rats fed with nuruk prepared from Aspergillus terreus and wheat bran. LDL cholesterol level was decreased in rats fed with nuruk prepared with other fungi such as Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. But HDL cholesterol level was increased in all groups fed with nuruk from any fungi and wheat bran. These results suggested that nuruk or wheat bran supplemented diet might exert their effect by decreasing cholesterol level in serum and amount of oxygen free radical level.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.775-783
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• 2005

The ethanol extract of the peony root (Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, Paeoniaceae) as well as its major active components including gallic acid and methyl gallate were evaluated for their protective effects against free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line were examined. The ethanol extracts of the peony root (PREs) and its active constituents, gallic acid and methyl gallate, exhibited a significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and had an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, as measured by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. The PREs did not have any pro-oxidant effect. They strongly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, as assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the oral administration of 50% PRE (50% ethanol extract of peony root), gallic acid and methyl gallate potently inhibited the formation of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRET) in the mouse peripheral blood induced by a $KBrO_3$ treatment in vivo. Therefore, PREs containing gallic acid and methyl gallate may be a useful antigenotoxic antioxidant by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting against oxidative DNA damage without exhibiting any pro-oxidant effect.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2010

Total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were analyzed from rice samples collected in Korea, Japan and China. The results showed that the total phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activity differed significantly in these rice lines. The correlation between content and activity was subsequently investigated. The results showed that in black rice, anthocyanin was the major phenolic component and that both phenolic content and anthocyanin content were closely correlated with free-radical scavenging activity. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) data showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside composed about 90% of the total anthocyanin content in black rice and in red rice. In the red rice extract, the total phenolic content produced a high correlation coefficient with antioxidant activity but correlated very poorly with the total anthocyanin content. The $OD_{458}$ and the $OD_{500}$ values which represent the proanthocyanidin content of the rice extract, produced high correlation coefficients with antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. These results suggest that the $OD_{458}$ and the $OD_{500}$ values can be used to evaluate the quality of red rice. In addition, based on the data obtained, a competitive accumulation model of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in black and red rice was proposed.