• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.535-540
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• 1998

참서대를 생으로 또는 염건하여 찜, 삶기, 구이의 3종류의 조리방법에 따라 일반성분 분석 및 유리지방 산과 유리아미노산을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생시료의 일반성분은 수분 78.4%, 회분 1.2%, 조 지방 1.1%, 조 단백질 18.3%로 나타났다. 2. 생시료의 지방산 조성은 24:0(43.1%)을 주로한 polyene산의 비율이 67.2%로 가장 높았으며 다음으로 16:0(22.3%)을 주로한 포화산이 25.7%, 18:1(6.8%) 을 주로한 monoene 산이 7.1%를 차지하고 있다. 주요구성 지방산은 16:0와 24:0이었다. 생시료의 가열 조리별 조성 변화를 보면 생시료에 비해 포화산은 찜의 경우 감소하였고 나머지는 별 변화가 없었다. Monoene 산은 찜, 삶기, 구이 모두에서 감소하였으며 polyene 산은 찜의 경우에만 증가하였고 나머지는 별 변화가 없었다. 염건 시료에서는 생시료와는 달리 16:1을 주로 한 monoene 산이 38.9%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 16:0을 주로 한 포화산이 35.3%, 22:6을 주로 한 polyene산이 25.8%였다. 염건시료의 가열조리별 조성변화를 보면 염건생시료에 비해 포화산과 monoene산 모두 감소하였으나 polyene 산은 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 열처리에 의한 고도 불포화 지방산의 잔존율을 살펴보면 생시료 0.8, 삶기 0.22, 구이 0.26으로 고도불포화 지방산이 가열조리에 따라 점차 분해되는 것을 알 수 있다. 3. 생시료의 유리아미노산 조성은 총 유리아미노산 함량이 6934.5 mg%이었고, glutamic acid(1029.8 mg%, 14.9%), aspartic acid(846.2 mg%, 12.2%), Iysine(696.1 mg%, 10%), leucine(582.5 mg%, 8.4%), arginine(474.1 mg%, 6.8%), serine(388.4 mg%, 5.6%), alanine(386.1 mg%, 5.6%)등이 주요 유리아미노산으로 이들이 전체의 63.5%를 차지하고 있다. histidine이 196.4 mg%로 가장 적게 나타났다. 생시료의 가열 조리별 총 함량변화는 생시료가 6934.5 mg%, 찜이 7132.3 mg%, 삶기가 7229.8 mg% 그리고 구이가 6682.6 mg%로 찜과 삶기의 경우는 증가하였고 구이는 감소하였다. 생시료의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 6490.0 mg%이었으며 이는 생시료에 비해 440.5 mg% 정도가 감소한 것이다. 주요 아미노산의 구성은 생시료와 동일하였다. glycine 함량이 생시료에 비해 염건시료에서 60.8 mg% 정도 감소하였고 그 이외의 유리아미노산은 대체로 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 염건시료의 가열 조리별 총 함량변화는 생시료와 마찬가지로 찜과 삶기에서는 증가하고 구이에서는 감소하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To investigate whether swim training improves obesity and lipid metabolism through $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we measured body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, serum free fatty acid at 6 weeks as well as the expression of hepatic $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Swim-trained mice had decreased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass and serum free fatty acid levels compared to high fat diet fed control mice in both female Sham and OVX mice. These reductions were more prominent in OVX than in Sham mice. Swim training significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 (CPT-1), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in OVX mice. However, swim trained female Sham mice did not increase hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation compared to Sham control mice. These results indicate that swim training differentially regulates body weight and adipose tissue mass between OVX and Sham mice, at least in part due to differences in liver $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 1990

국내에서 생산되는 재배버섯으로 일반느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus)와 고온성느타리(Pleurotus sajor-caju) 및 야생식용버섯으로 싸리버섯(Ramaria botrytis)과 젖버섯(Lactarius volemus)의 지질성분조성을 비교 검토한 결과 각 버섯의 지방함량은 $0.32{\sim}0.39%$이었으며, 그 조성은 인지질$(19.4{\sim}47.4%)$, 중성지질$(32.1{\sim}51.9%)$, 당지질$(14.8{\sim}28.7%)$ 순으로 많았으나 고온성 느타리는 다른 버섯에 비하여 중성지질(51.9%)의 함량이 높았다. 중성지질에서는 triglyceride$(21.2{\sim}38.2%)$, free sterol$(21.0{\sim}21.9%)$, sterol ester$(10.3{\sim}18.6%)$ 순으로 많았으나 고온성 느타리는 free fatty acid(34.1%)의 함량이 다른 버섯에 비하여 특이하게 높았다. 당지질은 steryl glycoside$(15.6{\sim}29.4%)$, esterified steryl glycoside$(13.4{\sim}23.9%)$, monogalactosyl diglyceride$(15.6{\sim}24.6%)$ 순으로 많았으며, 인지질의 조성은 phosphatidyl choline$(36.7{\sim}49.5%)$, phosphatidyl ethanolamine$(20.9{\sim}29.7%)$, phosphatidyl inositol$(18.4{\sim}26.1%)$ 순으로 많았다. 각 구성지질의 지방산조성은 4종의 버섯 공히 linoleic acid와 palmitic acid가 주요 지방산이었으나 싸리버섯은 중성지질에서 oleic acid의 함량이 높았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.628-636
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• 1999

There is a marked increase in geriatric disease, especially liver disease, due to the continuous increase in alcohol and fat consumption. Since the fatty liver, induced by alcohol or fat, is basically from abnormalities in the lipid metabolism, it is possible that fatty acid binding protein(FABP) which is related to the fatty acid metabolism may also be abnormal in these livers. FABP is a small molecular weight protein family present in cytosol in high concentration. It has been proposed as a fatty acid transfer protein and as a binding protein responsible for controlling intracellular free fatty acid concentration. In this research, we have examined the relationship between liver FABP and fatty liver induced by alcohol or high cholesterol diet. Rats were fed one of either semipurified liquid diets; control diet containing 65% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 15% fat or high cholesterol diet containing 1%(w/w) cholesterol or alcohol diet containing 37% of alcohol instead of carbohydrate. After 5 weeks of feeding period, all rats received commercial chow diet for 5 weeks to examine recovery effect. Liver and blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 weeks to analyze lipid compositions. FABP was purified from liver cytosol and injected to rabbit to obtain antiserum. Liver FABP amount was determined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting methods. Fatty acid binding capacity was determined by binding of 14Cpalmitate with the delipidated liver cytosol. Consumption of alcohol increased serum cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration after 5 weeks. Serum apolipoprotein B concentration increased after 3 weeks and LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A concentration changed after 1 week. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentration increased after 3 weeks. Consumption of high cholesterol diet changed liver and serum lipid composition after 3 weeks. Swiching to normal diet for 5 weeks did not normalize most of lipid composition in serum and liver except serum and liver except serum cholesterol, triglyceride and liver cholesterol. Liver cytosol FABP content and the fatty acid binding capacity decreased dramatically after 1 week with alcohol consumption. This results indicate that FABP content changes before the changes before the changes of blood or liver lipid composition, suggesting changes of FABP may cause development of the fatty liver induced by alcohol and can be used as an index of detecting a early development of fatty liver.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.542-549
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• 1998

Dietary orotic acid is known to induce the fatty liver. Fatty acid profiles in the lipid fraction of the liver and the serum in rats fed with or with orotic acid diet were analyzed. In all the hepatic lipid fraction of rats fed on the supplemented orotic acid diet, there was a significant increased in linoleic acid. In addition, linoleic acid was also increased in the triacylglycerol fraction of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and the triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol fractions of hepatic Golgi apparatus of the orotic acid-feeding rats. In the time course study of the fatty acid profile in the hepatic triacylglycerol and diacylgycerol fractions, an increase of linoleic acid was observed similarly in the initial stages of orotic acid intake in the both fractions. However, linoleic acid in the serum triacylglycerol fraction of orotic acid-feeding rats increased from day 1, but it began to decrease the increment from day 2, resulting in the lower level of linoleic acid in the serum triacylglycerol fraction of orotic acid-feeding rats than that of rat fed a orotic acid-free diet after 10 days. Oleic acid (18:1) was increased in the only cholesteryl ester fraction of helpatic. However, oleic acid level in other fractions was not changed. The compositions of 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 was reduced in the hepatic triacylogylcerol, diacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester fractions by orotic acid-feeding. However, these saturated fatty acids were significantly increased in the serum triacylglycerol fractions. The orotic acid indcued changes in linoleic acid level in hepatic triacylglycerol may be explained by the impaired fatty acid metabolism and limited excretion of this fatty acid from liver to serum.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2000

천연에 널리 존재하지만 미개발 자원인 서양민들레의 식품학적 가치와 식품소재로의 개발가능성을 검토하기 위하여 민들레의 성분을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 민들레의 일반성분은 잎과 뿌리에서 각각 수분 7.85와 7.73%, 회분 11.35와 4.82%, 조단백 21.6과 11.8%, 조지방 5.12와1.73%로 뿌리보다는 잎에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 민들레 잎과 뿌리의 유리아미노산 함량은 뿌리가 2710.66mg%로 잎의 1476.98mg% 보다 높았고, asparagine, arginine, serine, proline등이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 필수아미노산 함량은 잎에서 233.83mg%, 뿌리에서 209.76mg%로 잎에서 그 함량이 많았으며, 잎과 뿌리 모두 valine과 threonine의 함량이 많았다. 유리아미노산 유도체로는 ${\gamma}$-aminoisobutyric acid를 비롯하여 잎에서 14종이, 뿌리에서 11종이 검출되었고, 뿌리보다는 잎에서 441.53mg%로 그 함량이 다소 높았다. 또한 민들레 잎과 뿌리에는 어패류 등에 풍부한 taurine 성분이 비교적 높은 조성으로 함유되어 있었다. 민들레에 함유된 구성 총아미노산은 cystine을 제외한 17종이 검출되었고, 이중 필수아미노산 8종이 모두 높은 함량으로 존재하였다. 총아미노산과 필수아미노산의 함량은 뿌리보다 잎에서 각각 1.4와 1.8배정도 높았고, 전체 아미노산 중 필수아미노산이 잎과 뿌리 모두 42.17과 34.12%로 높은 비율을 차지하고 있었다. 주요 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose로 구성되어 있었고, sucrose의 함량이 잎과 뿌리에서 모두 높았다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid로 잎에서는 linolenic acid의 함량이 63.6%, 뿌리에서는 linoleic acid 함량이 56.4%로 월등히 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 무기질 함량은 잎과 뿌리 모두 K과 Ca이 매우 높았고, 잎의 K 함량은 3,510 mg/100g으로 대부분의 약용식물 보다 월등히 높았다.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2018

The lipids of Clanis bilineata larvae meat (CBLM) are susceptible to oxidation, and thus the commercial and consumption values of CBLM decrease during frozen storage. In the present study, peroxide values (PV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), free fatty acid (FFA) content, fatty acid composition, and likeness (palatability) score of CBLM were determined to investigate the effect of glutathione on the oxidation of CBLM lipids. Glutathione decreased the PV, TBARS, and FFA content, maintained fatty acid composition, and increased the likeness (palatability) score of the CBLM, indicating that glutathione can be used as a cryoprotectant to extend the shelf life of CBLM.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.57-62
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• 1998

We hypothesized the primary effect of ginseng was to protect cell membrane fatty acids from decomposition caused by free radicals. To confirm the antioxidant effect of ginseng, we measured the inhibitory effect on the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and evaluated the free radical scavenging effect of ginseng by electron spin resonance spectrometer, and gas chromatography. The results showed that thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formed and the loss of arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation, and that hydroxyl (-like) radical peak formed by the iron complex (ferric nitrilotriacetate, an known free radical generator in vitro) were completely inhibited by ginseng extract. This antioxidant effect of ginseng may be responsible for its wide pharmacological actions in clinical practice. As the free radical reactions in general are rapid and non-specific, ginseng seems to act as a normalizer, rather than a general tonic, at the stages of acute or chronic active phase of the various diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2003

The ability of 19 lactic acid bacteria to produce hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) from unsaturated food fatty acids (USFAs) was tested. HFAs are related to human ailments, including steatorrhea. All the cultures produced HFAs from USFAs, unless their growth was inhibited by free USFAs. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KFRI 131 converted oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid into 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (10-HODA), 10-hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (10-HODEA), and 10-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (10-HODDEA), respectively. Both a USFA and a surfactant were needed for the bacterium to convert the fatty acid into the corresponding HFA. It was apparent that the production of 10-HODA was growth-related, while that of 10-HODDEA was not. It was unclear whether the production of 10-HODEA was growth-related.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1995

For studying the effect of different dietary fats on carcinogenesis, fatty acid composition of membrane and lipid peroxidation were measured. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 15%(w/w) beef tallow or soybean oil. A single dose of 50 mg 2-AAF/kg B.W. was injected i.p. in each diet group 10 times. Rats were sacrifled after 1, 5, 10, and 15 weeks from the first injection. By 2-AAF injection, !ipid peroxidation increased slightly compared to control group. The rats fed on different fats had similar MDA production and those fed on soybean oil had slightly higher free radical concentration measured by ESR. In young rats, iipid peroxidation level was high and hydroxy radical production was higher in soybean oil group than in beef tallow group. With age, the lipid peroxidation values were decreased initially then increased. The fatty acid composition in microsomal membrane was reflected by dietary fatty acid composition. In soybean oil group, monoenoic acid was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher than beef tallow group. Linoleic acid contents showed the most discrepancy among groups. By 2-AAF treatment, iinoleic acid content and unsaturation index increased in soybean oil group. But in beef tallow group, there was no difference in fatty acid contents.