• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.50-60
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• 2009

The change of idea about overall politics, society, technology, and culture in 20th century led to the change of kitchen which is the central space of household affairs as well. Frankfurt kitchen of Margarete Schuette Lihotzky which was introduced for the first time at Germany International Trade Exhibition in 1927 functionally designed small space of $6.5m^2$ with considering move-line and convenience. This is the beginning of kitchen type which has built-in sink and cupboard that is regarded as an universal option these days, and this has extensively been applied to kitchen system throughout the world after the repetitive development in America, Sweden and Switzerland. And improved kitchen of Park Gil-Yong which was influenced by rationalism introduced from the house improvement campaign and the opening of a port which were progressed in Korea in $1919{\sim}1930$ is the first stand-up kitchen which improved the inefficiency of Korean conventional kitchen. The purpose of this study is to understand the change aspect of kitchen through the rationalization in each country by comparing the introduction background of the times, change of space for residence and kitchen, and the characteristics of kitchen plan which had influence at the turning point on the kitchen in Korea, Europe on the side of efficiency at the same period, take into consideration of our residing-culture which has rapidly been changed between tradition and modernity, and to see the direction of kitchen design which copes with the unique residential environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

In addition to the well-known 'Frankfurt Kitchen', Austrian female architect Margarette $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky^{\prime}s$ architectural achievements include a study on the housing for working class, contribution to the resident participation movement, the planning of multi-family housing complexes, rational floor plan design, and the design and study of interior spaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate how she, who played intermediate roles between an architect and a social reformer, reflected social issues and the demands of living on the housing plans in the Red Wien era and to discuss diverse issues of modern residential planning furthermore. In this study, first, the housing situation in Vienna immediately after World War I was grasped and the architectural and housing discourses at that time were examined. Thereafter, cases of $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky^{\prime}s$ works were investigated and analyzed. In the period of transition to modern times, the concepts of residential planning of $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky$, who began as a social democratic architect, often showed transitional tendencies in private and public functions of housing, spatial distribution for the daily life, and functions of modern family and home. However, thereafter, the paradigm of the rationalism-functionalism was already sprouting from her architectural and residential plans. In conclusion, it can be said that the works of $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky$ has realized the social responsibility of residential planning and become a cornerstone of the later modern housing.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.20-27
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• 2005

The built-in kitchen that is seen in every household is one of the achievements of the modernism architecture in early 20th century. Developed on the basis of two axis, one of which is the high industrialization and the other the sceptical assessment on the traditional value-system, the 20th century was launched in the form of the twofold entanglement, through the unfolding of which the cultural code of the modernism could be operated. The Quantification of the psychic that was attempted by H. v. Helmholtz and E. Mach in the pursuit of the reunification of sensation to the normal science was the first thread of that, while the second the break-down of the authoritative ideology and the emancipation of woman labour, which were initiated by the leftist movements. In this situation Margarete Schutte-Lihotzky was the woman architect who has tried to overcome the patriarchism in the household through architectural work by dwelling on that the emancipation of the housewives from the inefficient household labour is directly connected with the accomplishment of human freedom. She applied the modernist functionalism to the designing the kitchen for that purpose and outlined the effective range and operational realm of the rationalization. After all this the future preoccupying endeavor became the decisive moment that gave birth to a aesthetically and functionally good deliberated design of the kitchen in the present. This study is purposed to actualize the architectural ideas of Lihotzky into the present context through the consideration on the Frankfurt Kitchen of her and to grope for the relationship between architecture and feminism on the common horizon of the functionalist architecture and the women's liberation.