• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to investigate the corelationship between Hwa-Byung and type A behavior pattern (TABP), cardiovascular disease. Methods : 637 people participated in the community based cohort study in Wonju City of South Korea from July 2nd to August 30th in 2006. Educated investigators checked up EKG and surveyed Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule(HBDIS), Framingham Type A Pattern Score(FTA score). Collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test & t-test. Results : 1. TABP, Hwa-Byung group was 24(70.6%), non Hwa-Byung group was 288(27.8%) p-value was 0.016. Difference of the two group was valid. 2. FTA score, Hwa-Byung group was $5.77{\pm}2.25$, non Hwa-Byung group was $4.41{\pm}2.30$, p-value was 0.002. Difference of the two group was valid. Conclusions : TABP ratio, FTA score was high in Hwa-Byung group compared with non Hwa-Byung group.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.150-164
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study was to designed investigate the relationship between hypertension and its risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods Five hundred and twenty six people were subjects out of 666 people, over 40 years old, who participated in the community-based cohort in Wonju, South Korea from July 2nd to August 30th in 2006. Hypertensive group was 263 peoples and normal group was 263 people, selected randomly among non hypertensive people who had same age and sex with hypertensive groups. Sasang Constitutional Diagnosis was carried out using PSSC(Phonetic System of Sasang Constitution), face and tongue photos and a checkup list. Risk factors from blood samples, physical measurements and social indices were analyzed using SPSS. 3. Results The prevalence of hypertension in Taeeumin was 63.1%(N=166), that of Soeumin was 22.4%(N=59) and that of Soyangin was 14.4%(N= 38). Considering risk factors of hypertension, there weren't any differences between two groups in social support indices and Framingham type A score. But scores of Soeumin's and Soyangin's were significantly high compared with that of Taeeumin in female normal group. There were significantly high results in Adiponectin of Soeumin's and HDL-cholesterol of female Soyangin's and HOMA-IR of Taeeumin's than any other groups. Crude OR of Taeeumin was 2.18 as compared with that of Soeumin in terms of risk of hypertension, and OR of Taeeumin was 2.02 as compared with that of Soeumin after drinking, smoking, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and HOMA-IR were adjusted. But after BMI was adjusted there wasn't a significance between Soeumin and Taeeumin and the OR of more than 25 was 2.42 as compared with that of less than 23 in BMI. 4. Conclusions Sasang Constitution is thought to be the reasonable variable to control hypertension in terms of prevention, treatment and regimen. And constitution is needed as a good variable to make a cohort study concerning chronic diseases, especially hypertension.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study is to investigate the relationship between type A behavior pattern(TABP) and diabetes according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods 162 persons(81 IGM persons vs 81 normal persons) out of 666 persons, more than 40 years old, who participated the community based cohort in Wonju City of South Korea from July 2nd to August 30th in 2006, were randomly selected and analyzed. Framingham Type A score, Social Support index, glucose related laboratory results were measured and analyzed according to Sasang Constitution. 3. Results Soeumin in IGM group had significantly high scores in FTA scales compared with Soyangin and Taeeumin, bur in female IGM group and normal group there was no significant difference in FTA scales and TABP frequency by Sasang Constitution. There was no significant difference in social support index in IGM and normal group by Sasang Constitution. There was no significant difference in glucose-related values between TABP/TBBP in IGM group and normal group. Soyangin in female IGM group had significantly high values in insulin(fasting) and HOMA-IR in TABP group, Soeumin group had significantly high values in FBS in TABP group. According to binary logistic regression analysis for IGM, Sasang Constitution was a significant risk factor and the ORs of Taeeumin and Soyangin were significantly higher than that of Soeumin. Social Support index was significantly higher only in female group. 4. Conclusions Adequate questionnaire of TABP for our country or a research of another subjects are needed. And Sasang Constitution is thought to be the reasonable intervention to control diabetes in terms of prevention, treatment and regimen.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake status, according to the risk of diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis study that included 83 patients. The nutritional intake was assessed, using 24-hour dietary recall. The risk of diabetic complications was measured, using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire (MNSIQ). The nutritional intake was analyzed using the CAN-pro 4.0 program. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Independent t-test, using the SPSS WIN 26.0 program. Results: The mean FRS and MNSIQ scores for the participants was 14.46± 4.09 and 2.30± 2.22, respectively. Thirty two participants (38.6%) were in the high-risk groups for cardiovascular disease and peripheral neuropathy. The participants consumed high amounts of grain and low amounts of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products when compared to the recommended intake. However, the nutritional intake did not differ according to FRS or MNSIQ levels. Consumption of vegetables and fruits were significantly different between high and low risk groups of MNSIQ. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the composition of dietary intake to improve the imbalanced diet in Type 2 diabetes patients and prevent diabetic complications. Type 2 diabetes patients should reduce the intake of grains and sodium, and increase vegetable intake. More deliberate future studies are needed, to investigate the relationship between food intake and the risk status for diabetic complication.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1055-1064
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• 2020

Objective: To assess the incremental prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in comparison to a clinical risk model (Framingham risk score, FRS) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) for future cardiac events in ischemic stroke patients without chest pain. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 1418 patients with acute stroke who had no previous cardiac disease and underwent CCTA, including CACS. Stenosis degree and plaque types (high-risk, non-calcified, mixed, or calcified plaques) were assessed as CCTA variables. High-risk plaque was defined when at least two of the following characteristics were observed: low-density plaque, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, or napkin-ring sign. We compared the incremental prognostic value of CCTA for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over CACS and FRS. Results: The prevalence of any plaque and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (stenosis ≥ 50%) were 70.7% and 30.2%, respectively. During the median follow-up period of 48 months, 108 patients (7.6%) experienced MACE. Increasing FRS, CACS, and stenosis degree were positively associated with MACE (all p < 0.05). Patients with high-risk plaque type showed the highest incidence of MACE, followed by non-calcified, mixed, and calcified plaque, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). Among the prediction models for MACE, adding stenosis degree to FRS showed better discrimination and risk reclassification compared to FRS or the FRS + CACS model (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, incorporating plaque type in the prediction model significantly improved reclassification (integrated discrimination improvement, 0.08; p = 0.023) and showed the highest discrimination index (C-statistics, 0.85). However, the addition of CACS on CCTA with FRS did not add to the prediction ability for MACE (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of stenosis degree and plaque type using CCTA provided additional prognostic value over CACS and FRS to risk stratify stroke patients without prior history of CAD better.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.1 s.23
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• pp.99-112
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• 1988

Questionnaires and blood pressure measurements were administered to 279 medical school undergraduates in 1987 to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors and blood pressure as well as reliability and validity of the Framingham Type A Behavior Scale(FTA). The reliability coefficients of SCL-90-R and nh measured by Spearman-Brown haves split test were $0.57{\sim}0.91$. The factors of FTA extracted by principal component analysis were hard-driving competitiveness factor and impatience factor(2-factor solution) . The total score of nh was positively correlated with relative weight and place raised but the correlations were insignificant, and had significantly positive but weak correlations with depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid, and psychoticism subscales of SCL-90-R. In the univariate analysis of blood pressures, relative weight and family history were significant in systolic pressure in males and economic status was significant in blood pressures in both sexes. For diastolic pressure, relative weight and frequency of alcohol intake were significant in males and relative weight was in females. After controlling relative weight, the frequency of alcohol intake for diastolic pressure and economic status for systolic pressure were significant in males. The important variables selected by stepwise regression analysis were relative weight and economic status for systolic pressure of males and relative weight and the frequency of alcohol intake for diastolic pressure. At the level of alpha 0.1, depression subscale was added to the model, changing coefficient of determination 0.206 to 0.217. In females, economic status and relative weight were selected for systolic pressure and for diastolic pressure body mass index alone, but the model of blood pressure for females was considered to be unstable due to small sample size(56). FTA was unrelated to the blood pressures in both sexes.