• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.325-337
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• 2014

To assess the functional structure of prepro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pMCH), we isolated and cloned pMCH (of-pMCH) mRNA from the brain of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and compared its amino acid sequence with those from other animals. In addition, to examine whether activation of the brain of-pMCH gene is influenced by background color, density, and feeding, we compared pMCH mRNA activities against different background colors (bright and dark) and at different densities (100% PCA and 200% PCA). To examine whether the pMCH gene is related with malpigmentation of blind-side skin and appetite, we compared pMCH gene expression between ordinary and hypermelanic flounders, and between feeding and fasting flounders. The of-pMCH cDNA was 405 bp in the open reading frame [ORF] and encoded a protein of 135 amino acids; MCH was 51 bp in length and encoded a protein of 17 amino acids. An obvious single band of the expected size was obtained from the brain and pituitary by RT-PCR. In addition, of-pMCH gene activity was significantly higher in the bright background only at low density (< 100% PCA) making the ocular skin of fish whitening, and in ordinary fish. However, the gene activity was significantly decreased in dark background, at high density (>200% PCA), and in hypermelano fish. These results suggest that skin whitening camouflage of the flounder is induced by high MCH gene activity, and the density disturbs the function of background color in the physiological color change. Moreover, our data suggest that a low level of MCH gene activity may be related to malpigmentation of the blind-side skin. In feeding, although pMCH gene activity was significantly increased by feeding in the white background, the pMCH gene activity in the dark background was not influenced by feeding, indicating that the MCH gene activity increased by feeding can be offset by dark background color, or is unaffected by appetite. In conclusion, this study showed that MCH gene expression is related to ocular-skin whitening camouflage and blind-skin hypermelanosis, and is influenced by background color and density.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.661-668
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• 2009

Effective beam width model(EBWM) has been used for analysis of post-tensioned(PT) flat plate slab frames under lateral loads. The accuracy of this model in predicting lateral drifts and unbalanced moments strongly depends on the estimated effective stiffness of PT flat plate slabs. As moments on the slab due to lateral loads increases, cracks occur which leads to stiffness reduction in slabs. For analyzing PT flat plate slab structure under lateral loads with good precision, reduction in slab stiffness has to be accurately estimated for EBWM. For this purpose, this study collected test results of PT flat plate system conducted by former researches. And this study reduced the width of slab so that the stiffness of the EBWM converged into the lateral stiffness of each test specimens by trial and error. By conducting nonlinear regression analysis using the stiffness ratio of the reduced width of slab to the effective width of EBWM with respect to the level of slab moments, an equation for calculating stiffness reduction factor for slab is proposed. For verifying the accuracy of the proposed equation, this study compared with the test result of the PT flat plate frame. It is shown that the EBWM with the proposed equation predicts the actual stiffness of the PT specimen which varied according to the level of applied moment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2018

Recently, The use of the curtain wall method is increasing in construction. The curtain wall construction is widely applied to the exterior wall of the building for shortening construction period and economical efficiency. However, the replacement of deterioration of the weather resistance and structural behavior of the sealing material connecting the curtain wall method and the glass frame is necessary for introduction of the stable curtain wall method and quality improvement in accordance with KS F 4910 standard. In this study, the elastic restoring force test was performed in the external environment. In this study, the deterioration of the sealant was evaluated for structural sealants. In Korea, studies on the variable displacement behavior of structural sealants are lacked. In this study, the reproduced results in laboratory conditions are compared with the deteriorating conditions exposed to the external environment, and they are reflected in the design of sealing materials in the future. According to the results of the study, it was confirmed that the existing structure sealant meets the quality standard of KS F 4910, but in the conditions performed in this study, adhesion failure of the specimen and cracking of the surface occurred. Especially, in the weather resistance test, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term durability performance of the structural sealant used in the curtain wall method by checking the insoluble state of all the test pieces. Therefore, in order to apply a conventional structural sealant to the site, it is necessary to introduce another durability performance evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.190-198
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• 2018

In recent years, non-welded building hardware has been installed by bolt assembly is used. The non-welded building hardware method can reduce accidents caused by welding, and can be constructed by bolt assembly, which can reduce labor costs and shorten the construction period. However, there is a need for a method to compensate for the occurrence of buckling at the time of construction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavior of joints between steel pipe and fastener and to evaluate the behavior of joints of non-welded and welded hardware frame. As a result, it was found that the foundation steel structure without welded joints was deformed to a rotation angle of member much larger than the allowable interlayer displacement angle 0.01 to 0.02 required according to the seismic load rating in the seismic load resistance system.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-69
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• 2001

A new cost management system, called Activity Based Costing (ABC) system, has arisen to solve the limitation of a Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA) system until last two decades and ABC has been applied by many companies. TCA systems have limitation in tracing cost because they arbitrarily allocate overhead cost to the cost objects without standard for direct cost distribution. ABC is an accounting system that assigns costs to products or services based on the resources they consume. The costs of all activities are traced to the products for which they are performed. Therefore ABC is a cost management system that provides a matrix to accurately quantify consumed resources triggered by activities and activities triggered by products and services. There is little implementation of ABC in the health services field, one of service industries, due to complicated and many activities, and volatile cost object. However, the necessity for applying reasonable cost accounting system is largely issuing as strategy responding hostile environment, and financial pressure, and it is imperative to implement the Activity Based Costing (ABC) system. Therefore, this study presents the framework to develop ABC system for total health service organizations. Cost objects in this study base on medical service activities per health insurance claim from one general hospital located in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Medical service activities include all health insurance claims in the hospital. The purpose of the study is presenting useful tools and basic frame to develop Activity Based Costing system for health service organizations which want to use ABC system. The steps to develop ABC system for health service organizations are following: 1. Identifying of activity centers; 2. Definition of cost objects and activity by activity center; 3. Analysis of activity and tracing activity contribution; 4. Allocation of direct cost for specific activity; 5. Allocation of indirect cost for specific activity; 6. Allocation of depreciation for facilities, applicants, and consumption goods; 7. Allocation of administration cost; 8. Allocation of cost among activity centers; and 9. Tracing cost of cost objects by activity center. This study identified necessary information from existing reports which hospitals generally made by each step, and defined outcome which had to be produced in each step using this information. The steps of this study had limitation to apply all different size hospitals because the steps were structured ABC system by one hospital, however, this study used similar basic framework and methods with general cases. When a health service organization want to apply Activity Based Costing (ABC) system on all activities of it in future days, this study is very useful to design system structure in the health service organization.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current states of interior design as a major at vocational high schools and to suggest ways in which it can be improved. Three hundred and four students and twelve teachers of two vocational high schools comprised the sample population for this study. Data was collected using two methods, questionnaires and interviews. Frequency distribution, mean, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study are as follows: The student respondents were more interested in studying residential design, furniture design and making, drafting and perspective drawing than other areas of study. Most teachers had difficulties teaching the subject of residential design because they were not well educated with this area. Surprisingly most students hoped to extend their education to a university or college after graduation, not to enter the workforce. According to teachers'responses, almost ninety percentage of students entered university or college. And more than two thirds of the students desired to study an interior design related major at the university level. Among graduates having jobs, half of them were working in interior design fields. If the students had to choose their jobs, they would work in interior design fields. The variables differentiating several related careers after graduation were school, grade, and sex. The students viewed interior design, interior coordination, and CAD related work as fields likely to enter upon graduating from vocational high schools; however, teachers viewed furniture making, interior accessorizing, and home fashion as fields more appropriate to the students'level of training. The teacher respondents criticized the textbooks in four categories; suitability with the students'level was average or below average; students'interest level and students'understanding level were average or above average; and whether the book was easy or difficult to be utilized for the purposes of teaching was also average or above average. The criticism was a little diverse depending on each book or each chapter. The teachers pointed out several problems using those books, such as insufficient examples or explanation, lack of coherence between some chapters, and an incompatibility with the allotted time frame in class. The merits of the textbooks varied such as a well organized structure, ability to generate students'interest. This study revealed that the strategy for improving the interior design major at vocational high schools should invoke, 1) dividing students into two groups-one to enter a university; the other to have jobs after graduation to focus their interests. 2) improving textbooks more appropriate to the students. 3) providing present teachers the opportunities for in-service training and hiring new teachers with credentials more suitable to educate students who desire to be interior designers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2017

BTG 1 (B-cell translocation gene 1) gene was first identified as a translocation gene in a case of B-cell chronic lympocytic leukemia. BTG1 is a member of the BTG/TOB family with sharing a conserved N-terminal region, which shows anti-proliferation properties and is able to stimulate cell differentiation. In this study, we identified and characterized the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas BTG1 (cg-BTG1) gene from the gill cDNA library by an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) analysis and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The cg-BTG1 gene encodes a predicted protein of 182 amino acids with 57% 56% identities to its zebrafish and human counterparts, and is an intron-less gene, which was confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA. Maximal homologies were shown in conserved Box A and B. The deduced amino acid sequence shares high identity with other BTG1 genes of human, rat, mouse and zebrafish. The phylogenic analysis and sequence comparison of cg-BTG1 with other BTG1 were found to be closely related to the BTG1 gene structure. In addition, the predicted promoter region and the different transcription-factor binding site like an activator protein-1 (AP-1) response element involved in negative regulation and serum response element (SRE) were able to be identified by the genomic DNA walking experiment. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA of cg-BTG1 gene was expressed in gill, heart, digestive gland, intestine, stomach and mantle. The cg-BTG1 gene was expressed mainly in heart and mantle.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

Two types of piloti-type high-rise RC building structures having irregularity in the lower two stories were selected as prototypes, and nonlinear time history analysis was performed using OpenSees to verify the analysis technique and to investigate the seismic capacity of those buildings. One of the buildings studied had a symmetrical moment-resisting frame (BF), while the other had an infilled shear wall in only one of the exterior frames (ESW). A fiber model, consisting of concrete and reinforcing bar represented from the stress-strain relationship, was adapted and used to simulate the nonlinearity of members, and MVLEM (Multi Vertical Linear Element Model) was used to simulate the behavior of the wall. The analytical results simulate the behavior of piloti-type high-rise RC building structures well, including the stiffness and yield force of piloti stories, the rocking behavior of the upper structure and the variation of the axial stiffness of the column due to variation in loading condition. However, MVLEM has a limitation in simulating the abrupt increasing lateral stiffness of a wall, due to the torsional mode behavior of the building. The design force obtained from a nonlinear time history analysis was shown to be about $20{\sim}30%$ smaller than that obtained in the experiment. For this reason, further research is required to match the analytical results with real structures, in order to use nonlinear time history analysis in designing a piloti-type high-rise RC building.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.210-216
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• 2014

In this paper, it was proposed to develop front and rear image monitoring system for vehicle that help a driver to cope with urgent situation about a dangerous element. When parking a vehicle, the risk factors to be formed by the dead zone can be resolved by using anterior and posterior cameras of the vehicle. In embedded system environment, a SoC(System on Chip) and two high-resolution CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) image sensors were used to transfer two high-resolution image data through he TCP/ IP-based network. To transfer image data through he TCP/ IP-based network, the images received by two cameras were compressed by using H.264 and they were transmitted with wireless method(Wi-Fi) by using real-time transport protocol (Real-time Transport Protocol). Transmission loss, transmission delay and transmission limit were solved in wireless (Wi-Fi) environment and the bit-rate of two image data compressed by H.264 was adjusted. And the system for the optimal transmission in wireless (Wi-Fi) environment was materialized and experimented.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2012

A general earthquake resistant design philosophy of ductile frame buildings allows beams to form plastic hinges adjacent to beam-column connections. In order to carry out this design philosophy, the ultimate bond or shear strength of the beam should be greater than the flexural yielding force and should not degrade before reaching its required ductility. The behavior of RC members dominated by bond or shear action reveals a dramatic reduction of energy dissipation in the hysteretic response due to the severe pinching effects. In this study, a method was proposed to predict the deformability of reinforced concrete members with short-span-to-depth-ratios, which would result in bond failure after flexural yielding. Repeated or cyclic loading produces a progressive deterioration of bond that may lead to failure at lower cyclic bond stress levels. Accumulation of bond damage is caused by the propagation of micro-cracks and progressive crushing of concrete in front of the lugs. The proposed method takes into account bond deterioration due to the degradation of concrete in the post yield range. In order to verify bond deformability of the proposed method, the predicted results were compared with the experimental results of RC members reported in the technical literature. Comparisons between the observed and calculated bond deformability of the tested RC members showed reasonably good agreement.