• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

건축물에서 냉방과 난방에 많은 양의 에너지가 소요되고 있다. 건축은 $CO_2$ 발생을 줄이고 에너지 소비 저감을 위하여 냉 난방 부하를 최소화할 필요성이 있다. 그리고 최근 주거문화는 친환경적이고 실내 쾌적성을 중시하는 방향으로 변화하면서 단독주택의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 국내 단독주택의 구조는 크게 조적조, 콘크리트조, 목조 주택으로 구분할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 세 가지 구조방식(조적, 콘크리트, 목조)으로 구성된 동일 면적 단독주택의 냉 난방 부하와 에너지 요구량을 분석하였다. 구조방식별 벽체, 지붕, 바닥 레이어를 구성하였고, 각 레이어의 열관류율(U-value)은 목조 벽체와 같이 스터드를 고려해주기 위하여 PHPP 계산법을 이용하였다. 또한 스터드 유무에 따른 차이를 비교 분석하기 위하여 목조 벽체에서 스터드를 고려하지 않은 경우(비 스터드)를 분석하였다. 분석은 엑셀을 기반으로 자체 개발한 냉 난방 부하 산출 프로그램(CHLC)과 ECO2를 이용하였다. 냉 난방 부하와 에너지 요구량 결과, 목조 구조가 가장 높은 결과를 보였고 콘크리트 구조는 두 번째로 높은 값을 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 두 구조방식은 에너지소비 측면에서 불리하다고 판단하였다. 결론적으로, 동일한 조건에서의 조적 구조는 다른 구조방식에 비하여 냉 난방 부하 및 에너지 요구량에 있어 유리하며, 목조 구조에서 스터드로 인한 열교를 제외한다면 에너지소비를 줄일 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2012

This paper proposes a frame-level rate control algorithm for low delay video applications to reduce the fluctuations in the bitrate. The proposed algorithm minimizes the bitrate fluctuations in two ways with minimal coding loss. First, the proposed rate control applies R-Q model to all frames including the first frame of every group of pictures (GOP) except for the first one of a sequence. Conventional rate control algorithms do not use any R-Q models for the first frame of each GOP and do not estimate the generated-bit. An unexpected output rate result from the first frame affects the remainder of the pictures in the rate control. Second, a rate-distortion (R-D) cost is calculated regardless of the hierarchical coding structure for low bitrate fluctuations because the hierarchical coding structure controls the output bitrate in rate distortion optimization (RDO) process. The experimental results show that the average variance of per-frame bits with the proposed algorithm can reduce by approximately 33.8% with a delta peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) degradation of 1.4dB for a "low-delay B" coding structure and by approximately 35.7% with a delta-PSNR degradation of 1.3dB for a "low-delay P" coding structure, compared to HM 8.0 rate control.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

Accurate seismic analyses of large deformable moving structures are still unsolved problems in the field of earthquake engineering. In order to analyze these problems, the nonlinear finite element method formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate approach is noticed. Because, this formulation has several advantages over the standard procedures on mass matrix, elastic forces and damping forces in the case of large displacement problems. But, it has not been fully studied to build frame structure models by using beam elements in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. In this paper, we propose the connecting method of the beam elements formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate. The coordinate transformation matrix of this element is introduced into the frame structure. This beam element has the characteristic that the mass matrix and bending stiffiness matrix are constant even if in the case of large displacement problems, and this characteristic is being kept after the transformation. In order to verify the proposed method, we show the numerical simulation results of frame structures for a vibration problem and a large displacement problem.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.241-246
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• 2007

The capacity of a lateral load resistance of a joint with Jangbu-connection of Dori-directional frame in traditional wood structure system was studied, through experiments of 1/2 scaled and T-shaped 7 subassemblies of joint of Dori-directional frame for Deawoongjeon of Bongjungsa. From the experiment, it was shown that the capacity of a lateral load resistance was influenced by the vertical load confining joint and not influenced by the number of Chok and the depth of Changbang, And lateral load resistance mechanism is developed by the restraint between the vertical load and the contacting edge of column; if structure is pushed to the left, the top-right end of Pyeongju contacts with Changbang and left Changbang loses the contacts with Pyeongju and therefore only right Changbang can resist to lateral load.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.367-384
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• 2014

The study deals with the physical modeling of a typical single storeyed building frame resting on pile foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using the finite element based software SAP-IV. Two groups of piles comprising two and three piles, with series and parallel arrangement thereof, are considered. The slab provided at top and bottom of the frame along with the pile cap is idealized as four noded and two dimensional thin shell elements. The beams and columns of the frame, and piles are modeled using two noded one dimensional beam-column element. The soil is modeled using closely spaced discrete linear springs. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters of the pile foundation, such as spacing in a group and number of piles in a group, on the response of superstructure. The response considered includes the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase the displacement in the range of 38 -133% and to increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments in the column in the range of 2-12% and 2-11%. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the type of foundation and soil considered in this study. The results obtained are compared further with those of Chore et al. (2010), wherein different idealizations were used for modeling the superstructure frame and sub-structure elements (foundation). While fair agreement is observed in the results in either study, the trend of the results obtained in both studies is also same.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2019

The frame structures investigated in this paper is composed of Concrete encased columns with L-shaped steel section and steel beams. The seismic behavior of this structural system is studied through experimental and numerical studies. A 2-bay, 3-story and 1/3 scaled frame specimen is tested under constant axial loading and cyclic lateral loading applied on the column top. The load-displacement hysteretic loops, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness and strength degradation are investigated. A typical failure mode is observed in the test, and the experimental results show that this type of framed structure exhibit a high strength with good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Furthermore, finite element analysis software Perform-3D was conducted to simulate the behavior of the frame. The calculating results agreed with the test ones well. Further analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of parameters including concrete strength, column axial compressive force and steel ratio on the seismic performance indexes, such as the elastic stiffness, the maximum strength, the ductility coefficient, the strength and stiffness degradation, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio. It can be concluded that with the axial compression ratio increasing, the load carrying capacity and ductility decreased. The load carrying capacity and ductility increased when increasing the steel ratio. Increasing the concrete grade can improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure, but the ductility of structure decreases slightly.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2021

최근 노후화와 기능적 요건을 만족하지 못하여 불용하는 철골구조물의 해체 수요가 증가하면서 철골구조물 해체에 대한 관심이 부각되고 있다. 본 시공사례는 구조적 노후화와 기능적 요건을 만족하지 못하는 철골구조물인 ore bin과 coke bin 해체에 발파해체공법 중 전도공법을 적용하였으며, 철골구조물을 발파 절단하기 위해 장약용기를 사용하였다. 발파해체 결과, ore bin과 coke bin은 예측된 방향으로 정확히 전도되었으며, 주변 시설물에 피해 없이 발파해체를 완료하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1402-1405
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• 2005

This paper describes the result of structure analysis of secondary bogie frame. The purpose of the analysis is to evaluate an safety which secondary bogie frame shall be considered fully sufficient rigidity so as to satisfy proper system function under maximum load. Secondary bogie system consist of bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, and brake system. Among these component, the bogie frame is most significant component subjected to the vehicle and passenger loads. The evaluation method is used the JIS E 4207 specification throughout the FEM analysis. The analysis results have been very safety and stable for design load conditions.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2000

Nowadays, the vehicle structure weight of urban transit system has been reduced in order to save energy and materials. However, this light weighted vehicle structure is very important to verify the fatigue strength at the development stage. Bogie system consists of bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, braking system and transmission system. Among these components, the bogie frame is most significant component subjected to the whole vehicle and passenger loads. In this study, the bogie frame for the standard EMU power car is evaluated to the static and fatigue strength. And, the evaluation method is used the JIS E4207 specification throughout the FEM analysis and static load test. The static and fatigue test results for the standard EMU bogie frame of power car has been appeared very safety and stable for the design load conditions.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1523-1526
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• 2007

This study introduces the testing results of the carbody. The load test was performed to evaluate the structural characteristic and stability of the stainless carbody. The carbody is made of stainless steel. The body structure consisted of side frame, under frame, roof frame, and end frame. Of these components, the side frame and under frame were the most important components considering the vehicle and passenger loads. Loading test were performed under the condition based on "Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Unit". The test results showed that the body structure is safe and stable under the condition of designed load.