• Title/Summary/Keyword: Frame structure

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Rate control to reduce bitrate fluctuation on HEVC

  • Yoo, Jonghun;Nam, Junghak;Ryu, Jiwoo;Sim, Donggyu
    • IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.152-160
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    • 2012
  • This paper proposes a frame-level rate control algorithm for low delay video applications to reduce the fluctuations in the bitrate. The proposed algorithm minimizes the bitrate fluctuations in two ways with minimal coding loss. First, the proposed rate control applies R-Q model to all frames including the first frame of every group of pictures (GOP) except for the first one of a sequence. Conventional rate control algorithms do not use any R-Q models for the first frame of each GOP and do not estimate the generated-bit. An unexpected output rate result from the first frame affects the remainder of the pictures in the rate control. Second, a rate-distortion (R-D) cost is calculated regardless of the hierarchical coding structure for low bitrate fluctuations because the hierarchical coding structure controls the output bitrate in rate distortion optimization (RDO) process. The experimental results show that the average variance of per-frame bits with the proposed algorithm can reduce by approximately 33.8% with a delta peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) degradation of 1.4dB for a "low-delay B" coding structure and by approximately 35.7% with a delta-PSNR degradation of 1.3dB for a "low-delay P" coding structure, compared to HM 8.0 rate control.

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Study on the Frame Structure Modeling of the Beam Element Formulated by Absolute Nodal Coordinate Approach

  • Takahashi Yoshitaka;Shimizu Nobuyuki;Suzuki Kohei
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.spc1
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    • pp.283-291
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    • 2005
  • Accurate seismic analyses of large deformable moving structures are still unsolved problems in the field of earthquake engineering. In order to analyze these problems, the nonlinear finite element method formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate approach is noticed. Because, this formulation has several advantages over the standard procedures on mass matrix, elastic forces and damping forces in the case of large displacement problems. But, it has not been fully studied to build frame structure models by using beam elements in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. In this paper, we propose the connecting method of the beam elements formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate. The coordinate transformation matrix of this element is introduced into the frame structure. This beam element has the characteristic that the mass matrix and bending stiffiness matrix are constant even if in the case of large displacement problems, and this characteristic is being kept after the transformation. In order to verify the proposed method, we show the numerical simulation results of frame structures for a vibration problem and a large displacement problem.

Experiment of Lateral Load Resistance of Dori-Directional Frame in Traditional Wood Structure System (전통목구조 시스템의 도리방향 골조의 횡저항 성능에 대한 실험)

  • Lee, Young-Wook;Hong, Sung-Gul;Kim, Nam-Hee;Jung, Sung-Jin;Hwang, Jong-Kook;Bae, Boung-Sun
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 2007.04a
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    • pp.241-246
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    • 2007
  • The capacity of a lateral load resistance of a joint with Jangbu-connection of Dori-directional frame in traditional wood structure system was studied, through experiments of 1/2 scaled and T-shaped 7 subassemblies of joint of Dori-directional frame for Deawoongjeon of Bongjungsa. From the experiment, it was shown that the capacity of a lateral load resistance was influenced by the vertical load confining joint and not influenced by the number of Chok and the depth of Changbang, And lateral load resistance mechanism is developed by the restraint between the vertical load and the contacting edge of column; if structure is pushed to the left, the top-right end of Pyeongju contacts with Changbang and left Changbang loses the contacts with Pyeongju and therefore only right Changbang can resist to lateral load.

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Interactive analysis of a building fame resting on pile foundation

  • Chore, H.S.
    • Coupled systems mechanics
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.367-384
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    • 2014
  • The study deals with the physical modeling of a typical single storeyed building frame resting on pile foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using the finite element based software SAP-IV. Two groups of piles comprising two and three piles, with series and parallel arrangement thereof, are considered. The slab provided at top and bottom of the frame along with the pile cap is idealized as four noded and two dimensional thin shell elements. The beams and columns of the frame, and piles are modeled using two noded one dimensional beam-column element. The soil is modeled using closely spaced discrete linear springs. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters of the pile foundation, such as spacing in a group and number of piles in a group, on the response of superstructure. The response considered includes the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase the displacement in the range of 38 -133% and to increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments in the column in the range of 2-12% and 2-11%. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the type of foundation and soil considered in this study. The results obtained are compared further with those of Chore et al. (2010), wherein different idealizations were used for modeling the superstructure frame and sub-structure elements (foundation). While fair agreement is observed in the results in either study, the trend of the results obtained in both studies is also same.

Experimental study on seismic behavior of frame structures composed of concrete encased columns with L-shaped steel section and steel beams

  • Zeng, Lei;Ren, Wenting;Zou, Zhengtao;Chen, Yiguang;Xie, Wei;Li, Xianjie
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.97-107
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    • 2019
  • The frame structures investigated in this paper is composed of Concrete encased columns with L-shaped steel section and steel beams. The seismic behavior of this structural system is studied through experimental and numerical studies. A 2-bay, 3-story and 1/3 scaled frame specimen is tested under constant axial loading and cyclic lateral loading applied on the column top. The load-displacement hysteretic loops, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness and strength degradation are investigated. A typical failure mode is observed in the test, and the experimental results show that this type of framed structure exhibit a high strength with good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Furthermore, finite element analysis software Perform-3D was conducted to simulate the behavior of the frame. The calculating results agreed with the test ones well. Further analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of parameters including concrete strength, column axial compressive force and steel ratio on the seismic performance indexes, such as the elastic stiffness, the maximum strength, the ductility coefficient, the strength and stiffness degradation, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio. It can be concluded that with the axial compression ratio increasing, the load carrying capacity and ductility decreased. The load carrying capacity and ductility increased when increasing the steel ratio. Increasing the concrete grade can improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure, but the ductility of structure decreases slightly.

A Case Study on Explosive Demolition of a Steel-Frame Structure (철골구조물 발파해체 시공사례)

  • Park, Hoon;Noh, You-Song;Nam, Sung-Woo;Jang, Seong-Ok;Kim, Nae-Hoi;Suk, Chul-Gi
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2021
  • Recently, the demand for demolition for the unnecessary steel frame structure is increasing due to deterioration and unsatisfactory functional conditions and the major highlights of demolition issues. This execution case was intended to describe an application of the felling method as one about the suggested method for explosive demolition method of ore bin and coke bin facilities, which were steel frame structures. And we used the charging container for blast cutting of the steel frame structure. As a result of the explosive demolition, the ore bin and coke bin had collapsed precisely according to the estimated direction. And the explosive demolition was completed without causing any damage to surrounding facilities.

Structure Analysis of Secondary Bogie Frame for Electrical Multiple Unit (전동차 부수대차의 구조해석 연구)

  • Yoon S.C.;Kwon S.T.;Kim W.K.;Chang S.H.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.1402-1405
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes the result of structure analysis of secondary bogie frame. The purpose of the analysis is to evaluate an safety which secondary bogie frame shall be considered fully sufficient rigidity so as to satisfy proper system function under maximum load. Secondary bogie system consist of bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, and brake system. Among these component, the bogie frame is most significant component subjected to the vehicle and passenger loads. The evaluation method is used the JIS E 4207 specification throughout the FEM analysis. The analysis results have been very safety and stable for design load conditions.

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Fatigue strength evaluation of a bogie frame for standard electric multiple unit(I). (표준전동차 대차틀 피로강도평가(I))

  • 박기준;이호용;이관섭;김원경
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 2000
  • Nowadays, the vehicle structure weight of urban transit system has been reduced in order to save energy and materials. However, this light weighted vehicle structure is very important to verify the fatigue strength at the development stage. Bogie system consists of bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, braking system and transmission system. Among these components, the bogie frame is most significant component subjected to the whole vehicle and passenger loads. In this study, the bogie frame for the standard EMU power car is evaluated to the static and fatigue strength. And, the evaluation method is used the JIS E4207 specification throughout the FEM analysis and static load test. The static and fatigue test results for the standard EMU bogie frame of power car has been appeared very safety and stable for the design load conditions.

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An evaluation of structural strength by testing the carbody of stainless steel material (스테인리스 차체의 시험에 의한 구조강도 평가)

  • Yoon, Sung-Cheol;Jun, Chang-Sung;Kim, Won-kyung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.1523-1526
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    • 2007
  • This study introduces the testing results of the carbody. The load test was performed to evaluate the structural characteristic and stability of the stainless carbody. The carbody is made of stainless steel. The body structure consisted of side frame, under frame, roof frame, and end frame. Of these components, the side frame and under frame were the most important components considering the vehicle and passenger loads. Loading test were performed under the condition based on "Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Unit". The test results showed that the body structure is safe and stable under the condition of designed load.

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Basic Design of Deep Subsea Manifold Frame Structure for Oil Production (심해저 원유 생산용 매니폴드 프레임 구조 기본 설계)

  • Park, Se-Yung;Choung, Joonmo
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.207-216
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    • 2015
  • Amanifold is one of the essential subsea oil and gas production components to simplify the subsea production layout. It collects the production fluid from a couple of wellheads, transfers it to onshore or offshore storage platforms, and even accommodates water and gas injection flowlines. This paper presents the basic design procedure for a manifold frame structure with novel structural verification using in-house unity check codes. Loads and load cases for the design of an SIL 3 class-manifold are established from a survey of relevant industrial codes. The basic design of the manifold frame is developed based on simple load considerations such as the self weights of the manifold frame and pipeline system. In-house software with Eurocode 3 embedded, called INHA-SOLVER, makes it possible to carry out code checks on the yield and buckling unities. This paper finally proves that the new design of the manifold frame structure is effective to resist a permanent and environment load, and the in-house code is also adaptively combined with the commercial finite element code Nastran.