• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.772-782
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify important factors influencing fragrance sensibility responses as well as to explore fragrance sensibility factors affecting attitude toward and buying intention of perfume products. For data collection, smelling experiments were conducted with seven groups of 34 female consumers who are aged from the 20's to 40's. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, factor analysis, and linear regression analysis. In results, five factors (pleasant, romantic, stimulating, modem, familiar factors) were generated from the factor analysis of 24 fragrance sensibility factors. These fragrance sensibility factors significantly affected both attitude toward and buying intention of perfume products. Pleasant, romantic and familiar factors were considered as important factors affecting attitude and buying intention while the stimulating factor affected only buying intention. Fragrance sensibility factors influencing attitude and buying intention of perfume products differed in terms of age and purchase level of consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.3 s.151
• /
• pp.396-406
• /
• 2006

This research explored perfume consumption behaviors and fragrance sensibility attitude according to perfume involvement level. Data were collected by surveying 241 female college students who are recognized as a core consumer group for perfume products in Korea. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and t-test. In results, 241 respondents were classified into 2 groups with respect to perfume involvement. Group difference was found in some of consumption behaviors and fragrance sensibility attitude. Specifically, the high involvement group used more often and spent more money on perfume, than did the low involvement group. Also, people highly involved with perfume shopped more often in perfume specialty stores, considering smelling test as the more important information source than did people in the low involvement group. Young females most liked delightful and young sensibility of perfume fragrance while they disliked stimulating and strong fragrance. People in the high involvement group preferred sophisticated and modem feelings of perfume fragrance more than did people in the low involvement group. Based on results, product development and marketing implications were generated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2009

향에 대한 심리생리적 효과는 널리 알려져 있으며 다양한 연구방법을 통하여 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 에센스 제품 향에 대한 심리적, 생리적 반응을 조사하고, 심리적 향 이미지와 생리적 변화간의 변화를 알아보았다. 실험은 피실험자의 EEG, ECG, SKT, GSR을 이용하였다. 실험 결과, 향 종류에 따른 중추신경반응을 뇌파로 측정하여 알파파의 활성을 비교한 결과, Relaxing Fragrance(Neuro $Fragrance^{TM}$) 및 뉴로 에센스, Grapefruit 향 조건에서 알파파의 활성 비율이 높았으며, 좌뇌보다는 우뇌에서 알파파의 활성도가 높았고 Relaxing Fragrance(Neuro $Fragrance^{TM}$)와 뉴고 에센스가 고른 알파파의 활성을 보였다. 향 종류에 따른 자율신경반응을 비교한 결과, 평균 R-R 간격은 Relaxing Fragrance(Neuro $Fragrance^{TM}$)와 뉴로 에센스 조건에서 무향에 비해서 증가하였다. 피부온도와 피부전기저항에서는 무향에 비해서 전체적으로 내려가는 경향을 띄였으며, Relaxing Fragrance(Neuro $Fragrance^{TM}$)와 뉴로 에센스 조건에서 가장 낮았다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.559-572
• /
• 2010

Color, an important visual cue, can cross-modally affect odor association and odor quality identification Here, this research investigates aspects of the cross-modal associations between color and fragrance in greater depth, delving into the topic of whether the degree-of-association of fragrances with hue and tone of colors varies systematically. For 33 color stimuli (10 hues, 3 tones, and 3 achromatic colors), 67 subjects judged the degree-of-association of four typical fragrance families (fresh, floral, oriental, and woody) on a 7-point scale. The statistical analysis showed that fragrance associations of the all families had characteristic distributions across ten hues of the color stimuli. The cross-modal relationship between color tone (especially, lightness attribute) and fragrance association appeared to be dimensional (e.g. a positive linear relationship between the floral family and the lightness). More specifically, as colors became warmer and brighter, the associated floral scents were stronger, while the woody scents was less associated. Brighter or more vivid cool colors were associated with stronger fresh scents. These findings confirm the systematic existence of synthetic interactions between vision and olfaction in perfumery.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.427-439
• /
• 2008

In order to effectively communicate the fragrances of commercial perfumes to consumers, it is important to apply congruent colors to their bottles and packaging. This research investigated the cross-modal associations between colors and fragrances through two experiments. In the first experiment, bottle colors of more than 200 popular perfumes in the market were analyzed. Distinguishable color design patterns of the bottles were revealed in accordance with their fragrance types. The second experiment expanded the use of color-odor matching task to a test population of Korean participants. Participants selected colors evoked by fragrances of three test perfumes in a blind setting. These three perfumes had characteristic hues and their associated hues were similar with the real colors of their bottles. In addition, there were significant variations in color tone across fragrance notes, viz. the top notes, middle notes, and base notes. The results of the two experiments suggest the existence of robust cross-modal associations between particular colors and fragrances in commercial perfumery.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2006

In this research, a theoretical model indicating the influence of fragrance sensibility response on attitude toward and buying intention of scented textile products was tested. On-line survey data was collected from a total of 530 consumers who have used or purchased scented textile products. In results, gender differences were found in the multigroup analysis using Structural Equation Modeling. In the model of females, pleasantness, stimulating, familiarity and congruency of scent affected attitude toward scented textile products while pleasantness was only a factor influencing attitude toward scented textile products in the model of males. In addition, pleasantness was the most important factor for Two genders although males indicated a higher level of buying intention toward scented textile products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.423-426
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 EEG반응을 통하여 향이 인간에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 평균나이 23.9세의 남녀 피험자 각각 10명을 대상으로 전두엽(Fz)과 두정엽(Cz)에서 EEG를 기록하였다. 대역별 relative power spectrum 값을 구하여 $\alpha$대역에 대한 $\beta$대역의 비($\beta$/$\alpha$)를 통하여 전체 또는 남녀의 성별에 대한 향의 쾌도를 구분하였다. 실험에 사용된 향은 Rose oil bulgrian, Lemon oil misitano, Jasmine abs., Lavender oil france(KIMEX.co.ltd) 등 4가지의 천연오일을 사용하였다. 전체 피험자에 대하여 쾌도는 레몬-라벤다-자스민-장미 순으로 평가되었고 라벤다와 레몬 사이에 0.5%의 유의차가 있었다. 이는 주관적 평가와 상관성을 보였다. 남녀 성별 구분에 있어서는 가장 쾌하다고 생각되는 향이 남자는 라벤다, 여자는 레몬으로 평가되었고, 가장 불쾌한 향은 남녀 모두 장미로 나타났다. 이에 대한 통계학적 의미는 결과에 나타내었다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2003

The present study analyzed and compared the mutual information obtained by stimulating saleswomen with 6 natural fragrances 100% basil oil, Lavender oil, lemon oil, jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil (KIMEX Co., Ltd.), and skatole. When stimulated with basil and skatole, which were less favored fragrances, the women produced a greater amount of mutual information than when not stimulated with any fragrance. In addition, a comparison among the effects of the fragrances revealed that the subjects tended to produce more mutual information regarding less favored fragrances than regarding more favored ones. This is because the amount of mutual information in the cerebrum is linked to the women's preference regarding fragrances. Consequently, less favored fragrances have been demonstrated clearly to produce more mutual information among the subjects.