• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1988

Alterations in the amount of fibronectin during chick myogenesis were investigated. The amount of fibronectin as measured by immunoblotting was found to decrease during the process. As a first step in answering the precise mode of change in the level of ibronedin during myogensis, the interaction of 28,000 dalton(28 kDa) amino terminal fragment of fibronectin as well as 85,000 dalton (85 kDa) fragrxient with myoblasts was examined. The specific binding of 125 l-28 kDa fragment to myoblasts was time-dependent and reached a maximum within 60 min. Unlabelled 28 kDa fragment inhibited the binding of 125 I-28 kDa fragment, whereas 85 kDa fragment containing adhesion promoting activity did not inhibit it. This finding suggests that the 28 kDa fragment interacts with the matrix assembly receptors but not with the cell adhesion receptors. Accordingly, the decrease in the level of fibronectin is likely to correlate with the fall of fibronectin receptors on the myoblasts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2004

본 논문은 디지털 방송 환경에서 TV-AnyTime을 이용한 메타데이터 서비스를 위한 메타데이터 부/복호화 시스템 구현에 관한 논문이다. 부호화 시스템은 생성된 TV-AnyTime 메타데이터의 효율적인 전송을 위해 메타데이터를 TV-AnyTime에 정의된 fragment로 분할하고, 분할된 fragment를 부호화하는 과정을 포항하고 있다. 또한 fragment의 id와 version을 부여하여 container를 구성하는 것과, 전송된 container의 내용에서 요청된 fragment을 축출하여 처리하는 것을 정의한다. 복호화 시스템은 축출된 fragment들을 분석하고, 사용자의 요청에 따라 해당 fragment를 복호화 한다. 그리고 fragment에 포함된 정보를 이용해 fragment를 관리하는 방법에 대해 정의한다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2018

In the root fracture, pulp necrosis tends to involve only the coronal fragment, while the pulp in the apical fragment remains vital. The prognosis of endodontic treatment of the apical fragment is poor due to the possibility of overfilling of the space between the fragments and difficulty in removing necrotic tissue. In the present cases, endodontic treatment of the apical fragment of root fracture was performed. However, in reendodontic treatment, resistance was felt at the fracture site and access to the root canal in the apical fragment was difficult. Therefore, the calcium hydroxide was periodically exchanged only in the coronal fragment without further treatment in the apical fragment and the canal of the coronal fragment was finally filled with Gutta-percha. Regular observation revealed no radiologic complications in the apical fragment. In some cases, we can observe good healing pattern such as absorption of calcium hydroxide and pulp canal obliteration of apical fragment in the long term.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) are the widely used fragmentation technique in mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies. Understanding the fragmentation pattern from the tandem mass spectra using statistical methods helps to implement efficient spectrum analysis algorithms. The study characterizes the frequency of occurrence of multi-charged fragment ions and their neutral loss events of doubly and triply charged peptides in the CID and HCD spectrum. The dependency of the length of the fragment ion on the occurrence of multi-charged fragment ion is characterized here. Study shows that the singly charged fragment ions are generally dominated in the doubly charged peptide spectrum. However, as the length of the product ion increases, the frequency of occurrence of charge 2 fragment ions increases. The y- ions have more tendencies to generate charge 2 fragment ions than b- ions, both in CID and HCD spectrum. The frequency of occurrence of charge 2 fragment ion peaks is prominent upon the dissociation of the triply charged peptides. For triply charged peptides, product ion of higher length occurred in multiple charge states in CID spectrum. The neutral loss peaks mostly exist in charge 2 states in the triply charged peptide spectrum. The b-ions peaks are observed in much less frequency than y-ions in HCD spectrum as the length of the fragment increases. Isotopic peaks are occurred in charge 2 state both in doubly and triply charged peptide's HCD spectrum.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 1998

A pair of designed primers (sequences from Gene Bank) amplified 16S fRNA gene of V. vulnificus within polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machine. This PCR product is about 1.3kb DNA fragment. Six enzymes (BamH I, Alu I, Sau3A I, Hind III, Sal I, Sma I) were used for restriction pattern analysis of amplified 16S rRNA gene of V. vulnificus ATCC 27562. Digested fragments are resolved by 3% agarose gel. BamH I did not show digested fragment so, there was no cutting site of BamH I in PCR product. Alu I produced three small fragments from 400 bp to 200 bp. Sau3A I produced three fragments larger than Alu I from 70 bp and 500 bp. One of fragments of Sal I was same with 500 bp of Hind III fragment and the other was 750 bp. Sma I showed two fragments of 800 bp and 470 bp. The profile of digested fragments of 16S rRNA of V.vulnificus ATCC 27562 will may be able to use standard profile for identification of V. vulnificus.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Objective: To determine whether fragment removal on in vitro fertilization (IVF) day 2 improved the subsequent development and pregnancy outcomes of fragmented embryos compared to similar-grade embryos without fragment removal. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis involving 191 IVF cycles in which all embryos had over 10% fragmentation (grade 3 or 4) on day 2 of the IVF-embryo transfer cycle from March 2015 to December 2017. IVF cycles were divided into the fragment removal group (n = 87) and the no fragment removal group (n = 104) as a control cohort. Before fragment removal, embryos with fragmentation on day 2 were incubated in $Ca^{2+}$- and $Mg^{2+}$-free biopsy medium under paraffin oil for 30 minutes. Microsurgical fragment removal was performed with later-assisted hatching and a handmade suction micropipette that had an outer diameter of $30{\mu}m$. Results: There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the patients between the control and the fragment removal groups. After fragment removal and subsequent in vitro culture for 24 hours, the number of blastomeres ($7.1{\pm}1.7$ vs. $6.9{\pm}1.6$) was comparable between the transferred embryos in the two groups, but the morphological grade of the embryos in the fragment removal group ($1.9{\pm}0.7$) was significantly higher than that of the control group ($3.1{\pm}0.5$, p< 0.01). The clinical pregnancy (43.7%) and implantation rates (25.8%) in the fragment removal group were significantly higher than those in the control group (28.8% and 14.0%, respectively; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Early fragment removal on day 2 significantly improved the subsequent development and pregnancy outcomes of fragmented embryos.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2005

Functional protein of MB78 bacteriophage having apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa is expressed from 1.7 kb HindIII G fragment. The nucleotide sequence of this fragment showed two open reading frames of 222 and 196 codons in tail-to-tail orientation separated by a 62-nucleotide intercistronic region. The ORF of 22 kDa protein is present in opposite orientation, i.e. in the complementary strand, preceded by a strong ribosomal binding site and a promoter sequence. Another ORF started from the beginning of the fragment whose promoter region and translational start site lies in the 0.45 kb HincII U fragment which is located next to the HindIII G fragment, that has the sequence for DNA bending. 3' end of the fragment has high sequence homology to the EaA and EaI proteins of bacteriophage P22, a close relative of MB78 phage.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.560-565
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• 1997

DNA fragment assembly is a major concem in shot-gun DNA sequencing project. It is to reconstruct a consensus DNA sequence from a collection of random oritented fragments. We developed a computer program that is useful for DNA fragment assembly. Inputs to the program are DNA fragment sequences including IUB-IUPAC bases. The program produces the most probable reconstruction ot the original DNA sequence as a text format or a PostScript format. The program consists of four phases: the first phase quickly eliminates fragment pairs that can not possibly overlap. In the second phase, the quality of overlap between each pair is calculated to a score. In the third phase, overlap pairs are sorted by their scores and consistency of the overlaps is checked. The last phase determines consensus sequences and displays them. The performance of fragment assembly program was tested on a set of DNA fragment sequences which were generated from long DNA sequences of GenBank by a fragmentation program.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.128-131
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 IP Fragment 패킷을 이용한 공격에 대해서 소개하고, 현재 사용되고 있는 패킷필터링 방법의 문제점을 극복하기 위한 동적인 패킷필터링 기법을 제안하고 있다. 기존 패킷필터링 방법이 IP 주소 또는 프로토콜 기반의 정적인 규칙에 의한 필터링 방법을 이용하는 반면, 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 IP Fragment 패킷에 대해서 단위 시간당 데이터 양으로 표현되는 트래픽에 기반한 패킷필터링 규칙이 동적으로 생성되도록 한다. 이렇게 동적으로 생성된 규칙은 이후 이상 트래픽이 발생되면 자동으로 차단규칙으로 변경되어 IP Fragment 패킷 공격으로부터 네트워크 호스트의 시스템 자원을 보호할 수 있도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10c
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• pp.733-735
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• 2002

DNA fragment assembly 프로그램인 Phrap에서는 exact match를 찾기 위해 정렬된 k-글자 테이블 자료구조를 사용한다. 이것은 접미사 배열의 간단한 형태로서, DNA fragment assembly와 같은 응용에서는 접미사 배열보다 더 유용한 자료구조이다. 본 논문에서는 k-글자 테이블을 정렬하는 Manber-Myers, Quicksort, Radix sort 알고리즘을 살펴보고, 실험을 통해 그 중에서 가장 뛰어난 성능을 가지는 것이 Quicksort 알고리즘임을 보였다 또한 k-글자 테이블의 정렬 문제에 있어서는, 캐쉬-메모리 아키텍쳐에 최적화되어 계산복잡도 속에 숨어있는 상수를 최소화하는 것이 중요한 문제임을 밝힌다.