• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2009

We explore the effect of particle shape and size on 3-dimensional (3D) network and pore structure of porous earth materials composed of glass beads and silica gel using NMR micro-imaging in order to gain better insights into relationship between structure and the corresponding hydrologic and seismological properties. The 3D micro-imaging data for the model porous networks show that the specific surface area, porosity, and permeability range from 2.5 to $9.6\;mm^2/mm^3$, from 0.21 to 0.38, and from 11.6 to 892.3 D (Darcy), respectively, which are typical values for unconsolidated sands. The relationships among specific surface area, porosity, and permeability of the porous media are relatively well explained with the Kozeny equation. Cube counting fractal dimension analysis shows that fractal dimension increases from ~2.5－2.6 to 3.0 with increasing specific surface area from 2.5 to $9.6\;mm^2/mm^3$, with the data also suggesting the effect of porosity. Specific surface area, porosity, permeability, and cube counting fractal dimension for the natural mongolian sandstone are $0.33\;mm^2/mm^3$, 0.017, 30.9 mD, and 1.59, respectively. The current results highlight that NMR micro-imaging, together with detailed statistical analyses can be useful to characterize 3D pore structures of various porous earth materials and be potentially effective in accounting for transport properties and seismic wave velocity and attenuation of diverse porous media in earth crust and interiors.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2004

We present the results of an H I aperture synthesis mosaic of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), made by combining data from 1344 separate pointing centers using the Australia Telescope Compact' Array (ATCA) and the Parkes multibeam receiver. The resolution of the mosaiced images is 50" (<15 pc, using a distance to the LMC of 55kpc). This mosaic, with a spatial resolution .15 times higher than that which had been previously obtained, emphasises the turbulent and fractal structure of the ISM on the small scale, resulting from the dynamical feedback of the star formation processes with the ISM. We also have done a widefield panoramic survey of H$\alpha$ emission from the Magellanic Clouds with an imager mounted on the 16-inch telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. This survey produced H$\alpha$ images which are equal to the ATCA survey in area coverage and resolution. This survey allows us to produce a continuum-subtracted image of the entire LMC. In contrast with its appearance in the H$\alpha$ image, the LMC is remarkably symmetric in H I on the largest scales, with the bulk of the H I residing in a disk of diameter 8. $^{\circ}4$ (7.3 kpc) and a spiral structure is clearly seen. The structure of the neutral atomic ISM in the LMC is dominated by H I filaments combined with numerous shells and holes.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

Quantification of roughness plays an important role in modeling strength deformability and fluid flow behaviors of rock joints. A procedure was suggested to simulate joint roughness, and characteristics of the roughness was investigated in this study. Stationary fractional Brownian profiles with known input values of the fractal parameter and other profile properties were generated based on random midpoint displacement method. Also, a procedure to simulate three dimensional roughness surface was suggested using the random midpoint displacement method. Selected statistical roughness parameters were calculated for the generated self-affine profiles to investigate the attribute of roughness. Obtained results show that statistical parameters applied in this study were able to consider correlation structure and amplitude of the profiles. However, effect of data density should be tackled to use statistical parameters for roughness quantification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.97-113
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• 2014

The study aims to determine the significance and characteristics of self-similarity inherent in natural objects or phenomena, the existence of self-similarity in design created by fashion designers, and the traits and internal significance implied in self-similarity and their effects on fashion. The subject of the study is Viktor & Rolf, and the scope of the study is the collections created from 2001 to 2014, which include designs implemented in their early years and those unveiled in the media. Self-similarity means attributes of a fractal structure appearing without change in the original form, even after modification of scale or direction in terms of shape or phenomena. As self-similarity is applied to the arts and design sectors, it leads people to pay attention to fundamental characteristics and intrinsic forms as a factor of expressing a unique creative world. Analysis of Viktor & Rolf collections generated ribbons, overlapping/juxtaposition, side decorations and exaggerated design elements as basic units of self-similarity. These factors had self-similarity rates as high as 84%. Self-similarity was established as design elements formed in the incipient stage were repeated in a certain form, and continued for a long period of time. It served as an element that recognizes design and a fashion designer at the same time. Characteristics of self-similarity appearing in Viktor & Rolf collections can be summarized as homeostasis based on an equivalent relationship, balance based on self-organization, reducibility into essential elements, and uniqueness based on odd shapes. These characteristics influenced the pursuit of consistent brand image, the maintenance of a fashion designer's creative world, the formation of styles and the expression of a fashion designer's identity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.200-217
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to examine the specificity of grids to define the characteristics of clothes styles in the Joseon Dynasty period. The significance of examining of the specificity of grids is to find out arbitrary types of the features of grids involved in structuring the Jeogori in the Joseon Dynasty period one by one. The Visual Linguistic Theory was introduced as a methodological tool to exquisitely analyze the characteristics of grids in deep structures of Jeogori in the Joseon Dynasty period. This theory strives to examine sample distribution, the distribution of samples by quality and the distribution of the types of ploidy features. Through the examination, the results are as follows. The grid systems of the Jeogori consisted of diverse proportion systems reaching 86 cases, that is, sequence systems composed of multi-functional, multi-combined bodies. Most ornamental grids had feature angles distributed in a range of $2-20^{\circ}$ that showed a common preference for low sloped diagonal lines or small curvature. Although the preference for certain feature angles were prominent, the feature angles that were used were generally distributed evenly among diverse feature angles to show the characteristics of separation. Therefore, Jeogori makers in the Joseon Dynasty period can be considered as having experimented with many proportion systems to show their aesthetics. In conclusion, based on the results of the examination of feature distributions and related methods to allocate ploidy features, O-type accounted for 66% and thus it was identified that the Jeogori was characterized by O-type. Therefore, it was identified that the characteristic of the Jeogori in the Joseon Dynasty period consisted of O-type fractal structures which are formative structures unique to our nation.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 1995

The objective of this study is to explore scale problem and to analyze the relations between scale and geomorphologic parameters of the rainfall-runoff model. Generally, measurement and calculation of geomorphologic parameters rely on and are sensitive to the resolution of source information available. Therefore, rainfall-runoff models using geomorphologic parameters should take account of the effects of the map scale used in their development. The derived rainfall-runoff model considering scale problem in this research is the GIUH type model, that is a basin IUH consisting of the channel network response and hillslope response. The cannel network response is computed by means of the diffusion analogy transformed from linearized St. Venant equation and hillslope response is calculated by 2-parameter gamma distribution function. Representing geomorphologic structure of the channel network and initial distribution of its response is width function. This width function is derived by fractal theory and Melton's law to consider scale problems and is weighted by the source location function (SLF) proposed in this research to increase the applicability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.340-340
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• 2011

플라즈마 공정에서의 생산률이 플라즈마의 밀도에 비례한다는 많은 연구가 이루어진 후, 초대면적 고밀도 플라즈마 소스의 개발은 플라즈마 소스 개발에서 중요한 부분을 차지하기 시작하였다. 이로 인해, 전자 공명 플라즈마, 유도 결합 플라즈마와 헬리콘 플라즈마 등 새로운 고밀도 플라즈마 개발 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근에는 고밀도 플라즈마 개발과 더불어, 대면적 플라즈마 소스의 개발이 플라즈마 공정 기술의 중요한 이슈가 되고 있는데, 이는 450 mm 이상의 반도체, 2 m${\times}$2 m 이상의 8세대 평판 디스플레이와 1 m${\times}$1 m 태양광 전지 생산 공정에서 플라즈마의 기술이 요구되고 있기 때문이다. 대면적 공정영역의 이러한 경향은 균일한 대면적 고밀도 플라즈마 개발을 촉진시켜왔다. 밀도가 낮은 축전 결합 플라즈마를 제외한, 대면적 공정에 적합한 고밀도 플라즈마원으로 유도 결합 플라즈마와 헬리콘 플라즈마를 선택한 후, 병렬연결 시의 특성을 알기 위하여 ICP와 헬리콘의 단일 튜브와 다수 튜브의 플라즈마 내부, 외부 변수를 측정하여 조사하였다. 두 가지 플라즈마 소스의 비교 실험을 위하여, 자기장을 제외한 모든 조건을 동등하게 한 후 실험을 하였다. 단일 헬리콘 실험을 바탕으로, 대면적 실험에 가장 적합한 자기장의 세기, 자석의 위치 및 튜브의 치수를 정한 후, fractal 구조를 위한 16개 다수 방전을 ICP와 헬리콘을 비교하였다. 병렬연결 시, RF 플라즈마에서는 같은 전압을 가져도, 안테나 디자인을 고려하지 않으면 모든 튜브의 방전이 이루어 지지 않았다. 이를 컴퓨터 모의 전사를 통해 확인하고, 가장 최적화된 안테나를 설계하여 실험을 하였다. ICP에서는 모든 튜브가 방전에 성공한 반면, 헬리콘 플라즈마는 ICP에 10배에 달하는 높은 밀도를 냈으나, 오직 4개 튜브만이 켜지고 안정적으로 방전이 이루어 지지 않았다. ICP의 경우, RF 전송선의 디자인을 통해 파워의 균등 분배가 가능하지만, 헬리콘의 경우 자기장을 추가해서 고려해야 되는 것을 확인하였다. 모든 튜브에 비슷한 자기장을 형성하기 위해서는 자석의 크기가 커지는 문제점이 있으나, 매우 낮은 압력에서 방전이 가능하고, 같은 압력에서 ICP에 비해 10배 이상 달하는 장점이 있다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로, ICP와 헬리콘 플라즈마의 다수 방전에 대한 분류를 하였고, 바로 현장에 투입이 가능한 소스로 판단된다.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 1994

Basic theory of fractal dimension is introduced and performed for the generated time series using the water balance model. The water balance equation over a large area is analyzed at seasonal time scales. In the generation and modification of mesoscale circulation local recycling of precipitation and dynamic effects of soil moisture are explicitly included. Time delay is incorporated in the analysis. Depending on the parameter values, the system showed different senarios in the evolution such as fixed point, limit cycle, and chaotic types of behavior. The stochastic behavior of the generated time series is due to deterministic chaos which arises from a nonlinear dynamic system with a limited number of equations whose trajectories are highly sensitive to initial conditions. The presence of noise arose from the characterization of the incoming precipitation, destroys the organized structure of the attractor. The existence of the attractor although noise is present is very important to the short-term prediction of the evolution. The implications of this nonlinear dynamics are important for the interpretation and modeling of hydrologic records and phenomena.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2006

In order to investigate the structure and dynamics of atatic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/water system, laser light scattering experiment has been done in the semi-dilute concentration regime at $25^{\circ}C$. The scattering intensity I(q) can be analyzed with the fractal equation of $I(q){\sim}q^{-m}$ instead of Onstein-Zernike type equation. The fractal dimensionality m was found to be constant after reaching the plateau value of $m=2.6{\pm}0.3$ above C=3wt%. The time correlation function of dynamic light scattering has always two different modes such as fast mode and slow one. The cooperative diffusion of fast mode showed concentration independence contrary 4o the reptation theory's concentration dependent exponent of 3/4. The slow mode can be interpreted as the motion of large scale heterogeneities and its strong concentration dependence is apparent with a large negative exponent of -3.0. It is considered that the stereo-regular arrangement with four successive meso units of -OH plays as a key role in forming such heterogeneity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a fast analysis of multilayer microstrip fractal structure by using the fast multipole method (FMM). In the analysis, accurate spatial green's functions from the real-axis integration method(RAIM) are employed to solve the mixed potential integral equation(MPIE) with FMM algorithm. MoM's iteration and memory requirement is $O(N^2)$ in case of calculation using the green function. the problem is the unknown number N can be extremely large for calculation of large scale objects and high accuracy. To improve these problem is fast algorithm FMM. FMM use the addition theorem of green function. So, it reduce the complexity of a matrix-vector multiplication and reduce the cost of calculation to the order of $O(N^{1.5})$, The efficiency is proved from comparing calculation results of the moment method and Fast algorithm.