• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.326-327
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• 2007

We investigated whether the CT images of hepatic lesions could be analyzed by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool. We retrospectively reanalyzed 14 liver CT images (10 hepatocellular cancers and 4 benign liver lesions; patients who presented with hepatic masses). The hepatic lesions on CT were segmented by rectangular ROI technique and the morphologic features were extracted and quantitated using fractal texture analysis. The contrast enhancement of hepatic lesions was also quantified and added to the differential diagnosis. The best discriminating function combining the textural features and the values of contrast enhancement of the lesions was created using linear discriminant analysis. Textural feature analysis showed moderate accuracy in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions, but statistically insignificant. Combining textural analysis and contrast enhancement value resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy, but further studies are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.253-254
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• 2002

Based on 3-D surface morphology measurements of C.G. irons, the fractal analyses were made on relationship between dry sliding surface morphology and the fractal dimension. It is revealed that the values of fractal dimensions ($D_f$) of sliding surfaces are in the range between 1-2, which are closely related to the surface morphologies. With the increase in depths of grooves or pits, the $D_f$ values increase. At the same time, the increases in densities of the grooves also cause the $D_f$ values to increase. At last, relationship among $D_f$ and friction coefficient as well as wear rate is discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.404-409
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• 2000

The determination of surface morphology is believed to be extremely important in the areas of contact mechanics, adhesion and friction. In order to describe morphology of various rubbed surface, the wear test was carried out under different experimental conditions in lubricating wear. And fractal descriptors was applied to rubbed surface of hydraulic driving material with image processing system. These descriptors to analyze surface structure are fractal dimension. Surface fractal dimension can be determined by sum of intensity difference of surface pixel. Morphology of rubbed surface can be effectively obtained by fractal dimensions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.290-295
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• 2001

The surface morphology of oil-lubricated surface for hydraulic piston motor is believed to be extremely effective in contact mechanics. adhesion, friction and wear. In order to describe morphology of various rubbed surface on driving condition, the wear test was carried out under different experimental conditions in oil-lubricated system. And fractal descriptors was applied to rubbed surface of hydraulic driving material with image processing system. These descriptors to analyze surface structure are fractal dimension. Surface fractal dimension can be determined by sum of intensity difference of surface pixel. Morphology of rubbed surface can be effectively obtained by fractal dimensions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2006

The fractal dimension is a quantitative parameter describing the characteristics of irregular time series. In this study, we use this parameter to analyze the irregular aspects of solar activity and to predict the maximum sunspot number in the following solar cycle by examining time series of the sunspot number. For this, we considered the daily sunspot number since 1850 from SIDC (Solar Influences Data analysis Center) and then estimated cycle variation of the fractal dimension by using Higuchi's method. We examined the relationship between this fractal dimension and the maximum monthly sunspot number in each solar cycle. As a result, we found that there is a strong inverse relationship between the fractal dimension and the maximum monthly sunspot number. By using this relation we predicted the maximum sunspot number in the solar cycle from the fractal dimension of the sunspot numbers during the solar activity increasing phase. The successful prediction is proven by a good correlation (r=0.89) between the observed and predicted maximum sunspot numbers in the solar cycles.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the radiographic change of operation sites after orthognathic surgery using the digital image processing and fractal analysis. Materials and Methods : A series of panoramic radiographs of thirty-five randomly selected patients who had undergone mandibular orthognathic surgery (bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) without clinical complication for osseous healing, were taken. The panoramic radiographs of each selected patient were taken at pre-operation (stage 0), 1 or 2 days after operation (stage 1), 1 month after operation (stage 2), 6 months after operation (stage 3), and 12 months after operation (stage 4). The radiographs were digitized at 600 dpi, 8 bit, and 256 gray levels. The region of interest, centered on the bony gap area of the operation site, was selected and the fractal dimension was calculated by using the tile-counting method. The mean values and standard deviations of fractal dimension for each stage were calculated and the differences among stage 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were evaluated through repeated measures of the ANOVA and paired t-test. Results : The mean values and standard deviations of the fractal dimensions obtained from stage 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 1.658±0.048, 1.580±0.050, 1.607±0.046, 1.624±0.049, and 1.641 ±0.061, respectively. The fractal dimensions from stage 1 to stage 4 were shown to have a tendency to increase (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The tendency of the fractal dimesion to increase relative to healing time may be a useful means of evaluating post-operative bony healing of the osteotomy site.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

Particle-size distribution in soils is one of the most fundamental physical properties of soils. One of the latest developments in the study of particle-size distributions has focused on the use of fractal theories. In this study, the fragmentation fractals were used for determining the characteristics of the particle-size distribution curve. It was shown that the mass-size distribution method was more practical than the cumulative number-size distribution method. From the co-relation between fractal dimensions($D_{tot}$) and the coefficient of uniformity($C_{u}$), there was a sharp increase in fractal dimensions for $C_{u}$<4, but fractal dimension converged the single value for $D_{u}$$\geq$6. Fractal dimensions were affected by small sized particles for $C_{c}$$\geq$3 and large sized particles for $C_{c}$/<3. As a result of the analysis of the influence of the effective size($D_{10}$), it was observed that the changes of $D_{tot}$/ were nominal beyond the effective size.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

Particles of soil are crushed when soil is compacted in the in-situ or lab. Among many factors that affect the crush of particles, compaction energy is a major factor. Because the crush of particles can change physical properties, the analysis of effect of compaction energy is very important. In this study, the fragmentation fractals were used for determining the change in grain size distribution and the effect due to change in grain size distribution was estimated. Compaction energy was increased by 50, 100, 200 and 300% based on the energy of standard A compaction test. As a result, grain size distribution curves were changed and fine particles increased as compaction energy were increased. Relative compaction were ranged between $93.38{\sim}107.67$. Fractal dimension of each site increased as compaction energy increased. Relative compaction is proportional to the fractal dimension but coefficients of permeability were in inverse proportional to the involution of fractal dimension.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2012

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate trabecular changes in the mandible using fractal analysis and to explain the transient osteopenia related to rapid orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were taken of 26 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Radiographs taken before the surgery and 1 month after surgery were overlapped, and $40{\times}40$ pixel square regions of interest were selected near the mandibular canines and 1st molars. After the image processing procedure, the fractal dimension was calculated using the box-counting method. Results: Fractal dimension after orthognathic surgery decreased in a statistically significant manner (P<0.05). The change in fractal dimension on the canine side had greater statistical significance as compared to that seen on the 1st molar side. Conclusion: This study found that bone density decreases after orthognathic surgery due to transient osteopenia related to the regional acceleratory phenomenon. This result can provide a guide to evaluating orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 1999

The Snyder's synthetic unit hydrograph method is selected to apply the concept of the fractal dimension by stream order for the practicable rainfall-runoff generation, and fourth types of the Snyder's relation are derived from topographic and observed unit hydrograph data of twenty-nine basins. As a result of the analysis of twenty-nine basins and the verification of two basins, the Snyder's relation which considers the fractal dimension of the stream length and uses calculated unit hydrograph data shows the best result. The concept of the fractal dimension by stream order is applied to the Snyder's synthetic unit hydrograph method. The topographic factors, used in the Snyder's synthetic unit hydrograph method, which have a property of the stream length like $L_{ma}$ (mainstream length) and $L_{ca}$ (length along the mainstream to a point nearest the watershed centroid) were considered. In order to simplify the fractal property of stream length, it is supposed that $L_{ma}$ has not the fractal dimension and the stream length between $L_{ma}$ and ($L_{ma}\;-\;L_{ca}$) has the fractal dimension of 1.027. From the utilization of this supposition, a new Snyder's relation which consider the fractal dimension of the stream length occurred by the map scale used was finally suggested.