• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2021

Point cloud content is immersive content that represents real-world objects with three-dimensional (3D) points. In the process of acquiring point cloud data or encoding and decoding point cloud data, the resolution of point cloud content could be degraded. In this paper, we propose a method of progressively enhancing the resolution of sequential point cloud contents through inter-frame registration. To register a point cloud, the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is commonly used. Existing ICP algorithms can transform rigid bodies, but there is a disadvantage that transformation is not possible for non-rigid bodies having motion vectors in different directions locally, such as point cloud content. We overcome the limitations of the existing ICP-based method by registering regions with motion vectors in different directions locally between the point cloud content of the current frame and the previous frame. In this manner, the resolution of the point cloud content with geometric movement is enhanced through the process of registering points between frames. We provide four different point cloud content that has been enhanced with our method in the experiment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.133-145
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• 2022

As a result of the study, the poorest keywords were information, big data, management, policy, government, law, and smart. In addition, as a result of network analysis, related research was being conducted on topics such as data industry policy, data governance performance, defense, governance, and data public. The four topics derived through topic modeling were "DG policy," "DG platform," "DG in laws," and "DG implementation," of which research related to "DG platform" showed an increasing trend, and "DG implementation" tended to shrink. This study comprehensively summarized data governance-related studies. Data governance needs to expand research areas from various perspectives and related fields such as data management and data integration policies at the organizational level, and related technologies. In the future, we can expand the analysis targets for overseas data governance and expect follow-up studies on research directions and policy directions in industries that require data-based future industries such as Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence, and Metaverse.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

In this paper, we identify the factors that hinder the application of quantum computing technology to solve meaningful real-world problems, and suggest related research trends and directions. To this end, we summarize the basic knowledge of quantum mechanics from the perspective of computer science, which is necessary to understand the difficulties in applying quantum computing technology, and analyze the currently commercialized quantum computers and quantum programming layers from the literature. Through an analysis of the current status and utilization of cloud-based commercial quantum computing services, we identify four factors that currently hinder the practical application of quantum computing: high barriers to entry for quantum computer programming, constraints on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, a still-growing open source ecosystem, and difficulties in simulating realistic problem sizes, and suggest trends and directions for related research. In doing so, it is expected to contribute to laying the groundwork for practical applications of quantum computing technology.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Considering the difficulties associated with the creation of deterioration maps for stone cultural heritages, quantitative determination of chemical and biological contaminants in them is still challenging. Hyperspectral image analysis has been proposed to overcome this drawback. In this study, hyperspectral imaging was performed on Stone Buddhas Temple in Four Directions at Gulbulsa Temple Site(Treasure 121), and several surface contaminants were observed. Based on the color and shape, these chemical and biological contaminants were classified into ten categories. Additionally, a method for establishing each class as a reference image was suggested. Simultaneously, with the help of Spectral Angle Mapper algorithm, two classification methods were used to classify the surface contaminants. Method A focused on the region of interest, while method B involved the application of the spectral library prepared from the image. Comparison of the classified images with the reference image revealed that the accuracies and kappa coefficients of methods A and B were 52.07% and 63.61%, and 0.43 and 0.55, respectively. Additionally, misclassified pixels were distributed in the same contamination series.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.625-629
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• 2011

In this study, we analyzed the signal environment of 17 DGNSS stations operated by DGPS Central Office through TEQC quality checking, visibility analysis and site visits. With TEQC, we produced times series of four indices of TEQC quality checking: observation ratio, L1 pseudorange multipath, L2 pseudorange multipath, and the frequency of cycle slip events. From visibility analysis, the directions where missing observations are happening were identified and the result was verified through onsite investigation. Without considering TEQC indices at the six sites(Palmido, Eochungdo, Geomundo, Pyeongchang, Seongju, and Chungju), the average TEQC indices were: 98% observation ratio, 0.19m of L1 pseudorange multipath, 0.71m of L2 pseudorange multipath, and 1.3 cycle slips per 1000 observations. The observation ratios at Palmido and Eochungdo were low. It was found that receiver settings were incorrect so that they could track the P2 signal of GPS satellites with L2C capability. No signal-blocking obstacles were found around the Geomundo station except the lighthouse. Thus, we guess that the poor TEQC indices at the site are believed to be caused by problems in the GPS hardware or cables. The low observation ratio at Pyeongchang is being caused by the surrounding hills blocking the satellite view from the south to the northwest directions. Even though all of four TEQC indices were bad at Seongju and Chungju stations, we found that the signal reception environment at the two sites is in good condition. We think that the quality indices got poor probably because of malfunctioning equipment. So, further investigation is needed for the Seongju and Chungju sites.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2011

This thesis is a study on the oldest feng-shui book "Janggyeong(葬經)". Specially, it is a focus on the feng-shui orientation method so called Sasepalryongbub(四勢八龍法) in that book. This method is to identify fortune and misfortune with the directions to be measured by a feng-shui compass. Sa(四) of Sase(四勢) is the four pieces of direction of dividing 12 parts for 360 degree circle. To divide for 12 parts is related with 12-Jiji(地支). Sa mean In(寅), Sin(申), Sa(巳), and Hae(亥). Se of Sase means a large stem of mountain. Generally, Sase are the big mountain stems of the four directions as In, Sin, Sa, and Hae. Pal(八) of Palryong(八龍) mean the 8 parts of equal division for 360 degree. It is related with Palgoe(八卦) that divide for 8 parts equally. Palgoe are Jin(震), Li(離), Gam(坎), Tae(兌), Geon(乾), Gon(坤), Gan(艮), and Son(巽). Ryong(龍) of Palryong(八龍) is a stem of mountain that is measured with 8 parts of equal division feng-shui compass. Sasepalryongbub make a connection between Sase and Palryong. When they are connected, it is a good fortune like as In(寅) and Li(離), Sin(申) and Gam(坎) or Gon(坤) or Gan(艮), Sa(巳) and Tae(兌) or Geon(乾), Hae(亥) and Jin(辰) or Son(巽). It is based on two theories. The one is 12-Unseongron(運星論), the other is one of Ohaengron(五行論) as Samhap-Ohaeng(三合五行). 12-Unseongron begins from dividing all human life affairs with 12 steps. Saeng(生), Wang(旺), Myo(墓) are the very important things among 12 steps. Saeng means starting, Wang means flourishing, Myo means keeping. Samhap-Ohaeng is made with Jiji of Saeng, Wang and Myo steps about 12-Unseongron. Saeng is the most important thing among of Saeng, Wang and Myo in Sasepalryongbub which means birth. Saeng of Jiji direction can help Palgoe direction as a counterpart. Like this, the good relation of Sase and Palryong is that Jiji direction can help Palgoe direction. For example, there are In(寅) of Jiji and Li(離) of Palgoe, can be explained as these kinds of the good relations. In view of Samhap-Ohaeng, In of Jiji is regared as Saeng of fire(火). This fire- Saeng-In as Jiji can help fire- Li as Palgoe. It can be said as a good condition that Sase and Palryong be connected like this case. This is the main content of Sasepalryongbub as being treated in this study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Implant beds with an insufficient amount of cortical bone or a loss of cortical bone can result in the initial instability of a dental implant. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone cement grafting on implant initial stability in areas with insufficient cortical bone. Methods: Two different circumferential defect depths (2.5 mm and 5 mm) and a control (no defect) were prepared in six bovine rib bones. Fourteen implants of the same type and size ($4mm{\pm}10mm$) were placed in each group. The thickness of the cortical bone was measured for each defect. After the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured three times in four different directions, bone cement was grafted to increase the primary stability of the otherwise unstable implant. After grafting, the ISQ values were measured again. Results: As defect depth increased, the ISQ value decreased. In the controls, the ISQ value was $85.45{\pm}3.36$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation). In circumferential 2.5-mm and 5-mm defect groups, the ISQ values were $69.42{\pm}7.06$ and $57.43{\pm}6.87$, respectively, before grafting. These three values were significantly different (P<0.001). After grafting the bone cement, the ISQ values significantly increased to $73.72{\pm}8.00$ and $67.88{\pm}10.09$ in the 2.5-mm and 5.0-mm defect groups, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.001). The ISQ value increased to more than double that before grafting in the circumferential 5-mm defect group. The ISQ values did not significantly differ when measured in any of the four directions. Conclusions: The use of bone cement remarkably increased the stability of the implant that otherwise had an insufficient level of stability at placement, which was caused by insufficient cortical bone volume.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 1989

This paper is examine the problems of U.S.-Korea Air Service Agreement and recommend some directions for its improvement under the rapidly changing circumstance and growing importance of Korean penisula. Since the provisional agreement of 1949, U.S. -Korea Air Service Agreement has consistently been favorable to U.S. side. Fair and equal opportunity is the principle and basis of the bilateral air agreement. Notwithstanding such principle, it is only the U.S. carriers who can freely enter into any market, under the discretion of business strategy, while Korean carrier can serve only three points including Honolulu. In an effort to recitify such serious imbalance, Korea continuousely requested additional rights and has given utmost efforts to accommodate requests made by U.S. carries without much success. When we review aviation market between Korea and U.S. under the present agreement, Korea is fully open to U.S. carries as they can connect from any or all points in the U.S. via any or all points in Korea and all points beyond Korea. Increased number of U.S. carriers are enjoying greater utilization of the opportunity accorded them. Four(4) U.S. carries now operate to Korea using thirteen(13) gateway points and about one hundred fifty(150) on-line points in the U.S. such imbalance can be well understood when we review the exchange of traffic rights between the U.S. and the Pacific rim countries. During the yeras following the 1978 agreement with Korea, the U.S. proceeded to sign liberal agreements with Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the Phillipines. In exchange, the U.S. granted the four Pacific rim countries substantially greater rights than were granted to Korea, although Korea was the first Asian nation to sign a pro-competitive aviation agreement which granted U.S. carriers unrestricted market access and pricing flexibility. Moreover, Korea ranks the 2nd trading and tourist partner to the U.S. among the Pacific rim countries (Japan is the largest partner to the U.S. in terms of both trade and tourist market). In this paper such problems in the Korea-U.S. Air Services Agreement are analyzed in terms of historical perspective, U.S. Aviation policy, imbalance status in detail cases, discrimination to Korea comparing to other Asian countries, and theoretical application. And further it discusses current aviation issues between Korea and U.S. such as the ratification of 1980 MOU and various doing business issues of U.S. carriers in Korea. Finally, this paper concludes the analysis and suggests some directions to improve and rectify the problems and imbalance of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement in question.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

The study was conducted for cohering academical achievement of serious game studies as well as for attempting to give directions for interdisciplinary development. The purpose of the study were, first, it provides a rationale for integrating game studies lied scattered into a game study field or game industry. Second, by providing exemplary studies according to categories and by analyzing how those studies have been studied, this study provides a milestone for future researchers who are interested in serious game studies. In the article, the author suggests the extended definition of educational serious game study. The educational serious game study is "the study which investigates educational affordances of game including both explicitly intended designed for education and designed for fun but having implicit educational meanings, through the context of formal educational settings as well as informal environments." The author also researched how extended educational serious game studies have been researched according to four categories; game studies which researched educationally designed serious games, commercial games used for educational fields, educational serious games for informal learning, and those found meanings of games. This study has scholarly significance, especially on game study fields. for delineating game studies, a range of proposed and actual applications of educational serious game are reviewed, guiding directions for future studies.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.25-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to suggest major strategies and necessary new projects for the medium- and long-term development of the Korean Fisheries Outlook Project. To suggest the Korean Fisheries Outlook Center with the above purpose, this paper employs Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis based on surveys obtained by special groups related with the KFOP. The survey is broadly composed of two goals; the medium- and long-term development directions and setting up of new furtherance projects. Each goal has upper and lower strategies respectively. The first goal, the medium- and long-term development directions, has four factors as upper strategies. The upper strategies are composed of accuracy, efficiency, timeliness, and political effectiveness of the fisheries outlook information. In addition, each upper strategy has three lower strategies respectively. For example, accuracy of the fisheries outlook information includes strength of data collection function, strength of satellite photography function, and strength of data analysis function. The second goal, setting up of new furtherance projects, has three factors as upper strategies. The upper strategies consist of accuracy promotion of outlook information using high-technique, field expansion of outlook species, and strength of analyzing function on oversea fisheries information. Each upper strategy has three lower strategies respectively. For instant, accuracy promotion of outlook information using high-technique has strength of information analysis function covered from production to consumption, strength of satellite information function, and structure of forecasting model on demand and supply by outlook species. The above upper and lower strategies were analytically drawn out through insightful interviews with special groups such as officials of the government, presidents of the producer and distributor groups, and researchers of the Korea Maritime Institute and other research institutes. As a result of AHP analysis, first, priorities of upper strategies with the medium- and long-term development directions are analyzed as accuracy, timeliness, political effectiveness, and efficiency in order. Also, priorities of all lower strategies reflecting priorities of upper strategies are examined as includes strength of data collection function on the fisheries outlook information, delivery of rapid information on outlook products for all people interested, strength of data analysis function on fisheries outlook information, strength of consumption outlook function on fish products, and strength of early warning system for domestic fish products in order. Second, priorities of upper strategies with the setting up of new furtherance projects are analyzed as accuracy promotion of outlook information using high-technique, field expansion of outlook species, and strength of analysis function on oversea fisheries information in order. In addition, priorities of all lower strategies reflecting priorities of upper strategies are examined as building up of forecasting model on demand and supply by outlook species, strength of information analysis function covering all steps from production to consumption, expansion of consumption outlook for consumers, strength of movement analysis function of oversea farming industry, and outlook expansion of farming species.