• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.294-298
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• 2008

The major threats that human being is facing nowadays are the Climate change, depletion of the fossil fuels at a rapid rate and energy costs. A significant portion of world energy consumption is consumed by domestic heating and cooling. And heat pumps, due to their higher utilization efficiencies as compared to conventional heating and cooling systems, offer an attractive solution to this problem. Among the types of heat pumps, the Geothermal heat pump or Ground-source heat pump is a highly efficient, renewable energy technology for space heating and cooling. The Ground-source heat pump uses the Earth as a heat sink in the summer and a heat source in the winter. And the Earth, having a relatively constant temperature, warmer than the air in winter and cooler than the air in summer, offers an excellent heat source in winter and heat sink in summer.. This paper will discuss an overview of the types of heat pumps, its operation, benefits of using geothermal heat pumps, soil characteristics, and overview of some experimental works. Finally it will briefly discuss the opportunity of using these energy efficient systems (EES) in the HVAC market of South Korea.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.838-843
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• 2008

Cause of struggling to escape from dependency of fossil fuels, the fuel cell and the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) draw attention in the all of the world. Especially, the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems have been anticipated for next generation's energy supplying system, and we can predict the PHEV will enlarge the market share in the next few years to reduce not only the air pollution in the metropolis but the fuel-expenses of commuters. This paper presents simulation results about the strategy of smart charging system for PHEV in the residential house which has 1 kW PEMFC cogeneration system. The smart charging system has a function of recommending the best time to charge the battery of PHEV by the lowest energy cost. The simulated energy cost for charging the battery based on the electricity demand data pattern in the house. The house which floor area is $132\;m^2$ (40 pyeong.). In these conditions, the annual gasoline, electricity, and total energy cost to fuel the PHEV versus Conventional Vehicle (CV) have been simulated in terms of cars' average life span in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2009

Recently, many social, economical and political problems have occurred in the field of urban energy supply because of the depletion of fossil fuels and the international climate change agreements and the current energy-related laws focus on individual buildings which makes them difficult to implement. Also, the policies for energy savings have increased day by day, but it is difficult to establish efficient urban plan because of lack of integrated policies and institutions. Current legal systems for urban plan does not cover domestic and international climate change agreements, energy related industry's structural changes and other environmental problems such as embodied energy and global warming. This paper tries to investigate current conditions of legal system to provide fundamental materials for improving energy conservation in urban plan.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

Buildings are responsible for approximately 50% of current carbon dioxide emissions. Energy planning at a town and city scale needs a strategic approach, supported by strong planning policies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urban scale grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system for urban residential and commercial sector applications. The integration of PV technology into roof of houses is an approach that is being championed in Germany, Japan and United states etc. In the Korea, PV roofing systems already are given the large number of houses which are projected to be built by 2012. However unlike germany and Japan, urban scale grid-connected PV system is not yet installed. The solar city which is installed building-integrated photovoltaic system is available to use of renewable energy sources such as solar to meet demand, instead of fossil fuels, with the goal of realizing an ecologically oriented energy supply.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.8 s.251
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• pp.788-795
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• 2006

From the view of the environmental protection against the use of fossil fuels, the great of efforts have been exerted to find an effective method which is not only pollutant reduction but also high thermal efficiency. Reburning is a useful technology in reducing nitric oxide through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the hybrid effects of reburning and selective non-catalytic reaction (SNCR) on $NO_x/CO$ reduction from oxygen-enriched LPG flame. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using LPG gas as main fuel and also as reburn fuel. The paper reported data on flue gas emissions, temperature distribution in furnace and various heat fluxes at the wall for a wide range of experimental conditions. Overall temperature in the furnace, heat fluxes to the wall and $NO_x$ generation were observed to increase by oxygen-enriched combustion, but due to its hybrid effects of reburning and SNCR, $NOx/CO$ concentration in the downstream has considerably decreased.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

Hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are mainly originated from imperfect combustion of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. The consumptions of not only petroleum but also coal have been increasing in the East Asian countries. This review describes the result of international collaboration research concerning characteristics and major contributors of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs in cities in Japan, Korea, China and Russia. We collected airborne particulates in ten cities in the above countries and six PAHs and eleven NPAHs were determined by HPLC methods using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detections. The total PAH concentrations were much higher in Chinese cities (Fushun, Tieling, Shenyang and Beijing) than those in other cities (Vladivostok, Busan, Kanazawa, Kitakyushu, Sapporo and Tokyo). The total NPAH concentrations were also higher in Chinese cities than those in the other cities. The [NPAH]/[corresponding PAH] ratios are much larger in diesel-engine exhaust particulates than those in coal-burning particulates. The [1-nitropyrene]/[pyrene] ratio of airborne particulates was much smaller in the four Chinese cities, suggesting that coal combustion systems such as coal heaters were the main contributors. On the other hand, the ratios were larger in Korean and Japanese cities, suggesting the large contribution of diesel-engine vehicles.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-168
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• 2008

The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies represents one of the most exiting future developments in the field of space law as well as a unique occasion for the economic and social growth of mankind as a whole. The large number of benefits that are expected to be generated from the exploitation of these resources, indeed, not only will contribute to the betterment of conditions of people on Earth but also will allow mankind to face and likely solve one of the biggest problems currently affecting our planet, namely the exhaustion of the stocks of raw materials and other source of energy, such as fossil fuels. The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies, however, has been prevented so far by the absence of dedicated space law rules allowing its orderly and peaceful development and clarifying the rights and duties of the parties involved in it. Due to the uncertainty generated by the absence of these rules, indeed, States as well as private operators have refrained from investing in the exploitation of space resources so far. The time to change this situation and to allow the exploitation of extraterrestrial resources to begin has finally come. This paper aims at fulfilling this purpose by proposing a legal regime containing specific and detailed rules to regulate the exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2018

The use of fossil fuels is steadily increasing. The thermal power generation industry uses a lot of energy and emits a large amount of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, a desulfurization facility can be installed to remove sulfur content during boiler combustion process of the power plant. Dry desulfurized gypsum generated from dry desulfurization facilities is suitable as a $CO_2$ absorbing material due to the presence of CaO. In this study, the carbonation properties of dry desulfurized gypsum were investigated by carbonizing dry desulfurized gypsum via mixing with water and stirring. As a result of microstructural, XRD and thermal analyses of the carbonized dry desulfurized gypsum, the carbonation age was found to be suitable for 16 h. Dry desulfurized gypsum absorbs about 16% of $CO_2$ per unit weight.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.741-748
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• 2011

Hydrogen is clean and renewable, and recognized as a very promising energy resource to solve both depletion of petroleum and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels. Extensive researches have been performed worldwide on the production technologies of hydrogen. In this paper, the technology trend of photo-electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production was scrutinized based on the patent and paper analysis. Open/registered patents of US, JP, EP, and KR and SCI Journals related to the PEC hydrogen production technology between 1996~2010 were reviewed. Patents and papers were gathered by using the key-words searching method and filtered by desirable filtering criteria. The technology trend was discussed by classifying each patent and paper based on the publishing year, country, and organization, and analyzing the core patents and papers.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.685-692
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• 2016

Hydrogen will be a future eco-friendly energy source that can replace current fossil fuels However when hydrogen gas leaks and people inhale a lot of hydrogen gases, they can have fatal effects fell into comas. Therefore, we need to develop a safety technology and related guidelines for reducing risks of hydrogen leakage. In this regard, we carried out demonstration tests assuming a situation of hydrogen leakage. Before the experiments, we analyze the standards for governor facilities to check vent positions and sensor positions. Then, we select four types of ventilation structures and proceeds with the experiments of hydrogen leakage at 1 LPM and 1.5 LPM. Based on the experimental results, we propose the direction on optimization of vent positions and sensor positions in the hydrogen leakage situation.