• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) show great potential to reduce gas emission, improve fuel efficiency and offer more driving range flexibility. Moreover, PHEV help to preserve the eco-system, climate changes and reduce the high demand for fossil fuels. To address this; some basic components and energy resources have been used, such as batteries and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). However, the FC remains unsatisfactory in terms of power density and response. In light of the above, an electric storage system (ESS) seems to be a promising solution to resolve this issue, especially when it comes to the transient phase. In addition to the FC, a storage system made-up of an ultra-battery UB is proposed within this paper. The association of the FC and the UB lead to the so-called Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicle (FCBEV). The energy consumption model of a FCBEV has been built considering the power losses of the fuel cell, electric motor, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and brakes. To do so, the implementing a reinforcement-learning energy management strategy (EMS) has been carried out and the fuel cell efficiency has been optimized while minimizing the hydrogen fuel consummation per 100km. Within this paper the adopted approach over numerous driving cycles of the FCBEV has shown promising results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2012

These days, world wide interest about global warming and environmental pollution and exhausting fossil fuel which have been main energy source in all around the world. So many country have tried to find out the solution by investing new & renewable and clean energy. Therefore LNG have been widely used as a substitution of fossil fuel and clean energy that emits less pollutant like SOx, NOx. Therefore LNG consumption has been quickly raised and LNG carriers have been getting larger for decades. In this study, high power fiber laser was used for welding of stainless steel for LNG carrier to increase its productivity. Used material was STS316L which has low carbon less than 0.03% and its thickness was 8 mm. We carried out bead, lap and butt welding by using the fiber laser which has maximum power up to 5kW. As a result, we could find out that lap and butt joint was possible at welding speed of 2.0m/min and 3.0m/min respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2398-2421
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• 2020

In third world countries like Pakistan, the production of electricity has been quickly reduced in past years due to rely on the fossil fuel. According to a survey conducted in 2017, the overall electrical energy capacity was 22,797MW, since the electrical grids have gone too old, therefore the efficiency of grids, goes down to nearly 17000MW. Significant addition of fossil fuel, hydro and nuclear is 64.2%, 29% and 5.8% respectively in the total electricity production in Pakistan. In 2018, the demand crossed 20,223MW, compared to peak generation of 15,400 to 15,700MW as by the Ministry of Water and Power. Country faces a deficit of almost 4000MW to 5000MW for the duration of 2019 hot summer term. Focus on one aspect considering Demand Side Management (DSM) cannot oversea the reduction of gap between power demand and customer supply, which eventually leads to the issue of load shedding. Hence, a scheduling scheme is proposed in this paper called RPSMDSM that is based on selection of those appliances that need to be only Turned-On, on priority during peak hours consuming minimum energy. The Home Energy Management (HEM) system is integrated between consumer and utility and bidirectional flow is presented in the scheme. During peak hours of electricity, the RPSMDSM is capable to persuade less power consumption and accomplish productivity in load management. Simulations show that RPSMDSM scheme helps in scheduling the electricity loads from peak price to off-peak price hours. As a result, minimization in electricity cost as well as (Peak-to-Average Ratio) PAR are accomplished with sensible waiting time.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.2 s.46
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• pp.83-95
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• 2006

This study is to establish a national vision of the hydrogen economy and design a roadmap to materialize it. A goal is set to supply 15% of final energy consumption with hydrogen energy in Korea by 2040. Selecting the transportation sorter as the main target, more than 50% of vehicles on the road will be replaced with fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) while $20{\sim}30%$ of electricity demand in the residential and commercial sectors might be replaced with power generation by fuel cells. If this goals were attained as planned, primary energy demand would be reduced by 9%, resulting in improved energy mix in which fossil fuel consumption is greatly reduced whereas renewable energy increases by 47%. Furthermore, GHG emissions will be reduced by 20% and self-sufficiency in energy is enhanced up to 23%. If the hydrogen economy is to materialize, the government needs to implement institutional arrangements such as new legislations, organizations, and fiscal measures to facilitate the process. In addition, the private sector's participation is highly recommended to mobilize fund needed for the huge investment to build an infrastructure in preparation for the hydrogen economy. Arrangements for codes and standards are also required to promote industrialization of fuel cells and hydrogen production and consumption.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

Korea has achieved a rapid economic development and with the increase in population and national income and the expansion of social and economic activities, energy consumption has rapidly increased too. Energy consumption per head has constantly increased and currently, power consumption per head is 7.5 times bigger than in 1985. Buildings occupy 25% of total energy consumption and especially, 50% of total energy is consumed for heating and cooling. In this situation, multi-family housing, which has constantly been increased, has an energy saving rate of 1.9%, which is the lowest level and this makes the government's energy policy for sustainable energy system development useless. Besides, energy consumption leads to secondary problems, such as air, water and marine pollution and heat pollution and wastewater/drainage and the increased use of fossil fuel is a fundamental reason for ozone layer destruction and global warming. Therefore, efficient energy consumption plans are required. This study aims to analyze energy performance in each block type of high-rise and diversified multi-family housing that accounts for 60% of all the housing forms, depending on the variations in stories through BIM-based energy simulation. For this study, four representative block types were selected, based on the multi-family floor plan, which is certified for energy performance evaluation and they were applied to the floor plan of a multi-family house that is scheduled to be built. Then BIM modeling was conducted from the fifth story to the 40th story at an intervals of 5 stories and based on the finding, energy characteristics of each block type and energy performance depending on the variations in stories were analyzed. It is considered that this would serve as objective data for block type and block story decision of energy performance-based multi-family housing.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.11c
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• pp.93-96
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• 2007

In this paper, the testing equipment for evaluating aging characteristics of outdoor silicone rubber insulator resulting from the environmental aging effect with regards to sunlight(UV) was developed. Influence of sunlight effect aging is seriously increase due to destruction of ozone layer which is occurred by consumption of fossil fuel. For this purpose, silicone rubber was aged under the artificial sunlight by exposure of xenon lamp radiation in the accelerating aging chamber and various test and analysis were performed such as breakdown strength, contact angle. And FT-IR analysis has been followed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and the concerns about their soaring prices have spurred the search for alternative energy sources. While other alternative energies-like solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, and tidal-offer viable options for electricity generation, around 40% of total energy consumption requires liquid fuels like gasoline or diesel fuel. This is where bio-energy/biofuels is especially attractive, where they can serve as a practical alternative to oil. The production of liquid biofuels for transportation will depend upon a stable supply of large amount of inexpensive cellulosic biomass obtained on a sustainable basis. This paper reviewed development status of transportation bio-energy for vehicles, technical barriers to the production of cellulosic ethanol, and the global future of bio-diesel and ethanol production.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.343-344
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• 2006

Consumption of fossil fuel has been increasing steadily, and it has seriously affected environment. Due to this situation, UN establish ed UNFCC (United rations Framework Convention on Climate Change), and since Feb. 2005, Kyoto Protocol has come into effect for UNFCC obligation. In Korean power system, coal and oil thermal generation emitting large CO2 form about 46% of total generation. Moreover since electricity dem and has been increasing continuously, various alternatives should be designed to comply with Kyoto Protocol. In this paper, we analyze changes of each GENCO's generation pattern and resource planning under CO2 emission constraints. For this analysis, we incorporate CO2 emission constraints and the emission trading mechanism into the conventional OPF model.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.356-356
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• 2006

The use of renewable feedstock is an important issue to reduce the fossil fuel consumption. In this contribution, we report the cationic ring-opening polymerization of a 2-oxazoline monomer with soybean fatty acid side chains (SoyOx) under microwave irradiation. Kinetic experiments were performed to investigate the livingness of the polymerization in both acetonitrile and in the absence of solvent. In addition, both block and statistical copolymers were prepared using the SoyOx monomer. The synthesized (co)polymers were crosslinked under UV-irradiation resulting in insoluble polymeric materials and core-crosslinked micelles.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.100-108
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• 2003

This paper proposes a flywheel hybrid vehicle to solve the energy crisis problem by the exhaustion of a fossil fuel and air pollution for the conservation of environment. The proposed flywheel hybrid vehicle is composed of an accumulator and a flywheel as the energy generation and storage component and three variable displacement hydraulic pump/motors as the energy transfer devices. Flywheel has the characteristics of high energy density and easy energy absorption and consumption. The effectiveness of the energy-saving of the proposed flywheel hybrid vehicle is verified by simulation using Matlab/simulink. First of ail, analytical modeling for the flywheel hybrid vehicle is presented and simulations are performed based on the experimental efficiency data of a variable displacement pump/motor. The results of the simulation show that the effect of energy savings is realized by the proposed hybrid vehicle in 3 different city driving patterns.