• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.40-59
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos in vitro, which has been frequently used in inflammatory diseases. Methods: In this experiment, the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos were evaluated by checking the following substances of LPS-activated Raw264.7 cell: Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), Nitric oxide (NO), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interlukine-1β (IL-1β), Interlukine-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Inhibitor of kappa B-α (IκBα), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). And additionally measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals to check the antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos which affect inflammatory responses. Results: As a result of measuring anti-inflammatory efficacy, PGE2, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α production amounts were reduced in the ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos groups compared with the control group, and decreased the amount of COX-2 mRNA, iNOS mRNA gene expression. Expression of MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38) pathway was decreased. Expression of IκBα was increased and NF-κB was decreased. It is demonstrated that ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos, by reducing NF-κB, regulate the expression of the inflammatory genes and reduce the inflammatory mediators. Ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos also decreased ROS production and free radicals, which shown to have antioxidant efficacy and influence anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions: These data suggest that ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos can be used to treat various inflammatory diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2005

This study was performed to examine the antibacterial efecacy of topical agent extracted from Phellodendri cortex, Forsythia fructus and Glycyrrhizae radix as an alternative dermatological agent. Also, the most efficacious concentration of this agent and the skin-contact time inhibiting the vegetation of bacterial cells in various dilutions were determined. Five strains of Staphylococcus intermedius were exposed to various dilutions of this agent. The efficacy was assessed after exposure for time periods varying between 0 and 30 min. The antibacterial efficacy was shown to be the strongest at dilution of 1: 2. The number of viable organisms decreased significantly after 8 minutes of exposure time and was the smallest after 30 minutes of exposure time. This alternative dermatological agent is considered to be effective against Staphylococcus intermedius and has a potential to be a new topical agents far the treatment of pyoderma in dogs.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-36
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of external preparation containing herbal extract(Sophorae Radix, Aurantii Immaturus Fructus, Schizonepetae Spica, Forsythia fructus and Portulacea Herba) on atopic dermatitis patients. Methods : A total of 33 patients who visited the Dept. of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology of Korean Medicine of Korean Medical hospital of Daejeon university from February 2012 to February 2013 were engaged in this study. Patients who corresponded the requirements were enrolled in the study. This study shows symptom comparisons before and after the use of this product. Effectiveness was evaluated through SCORAD(SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) Index, and the quality of life scale was conducted through Skindex-29. Results : 1. Comparison of the general changes through SCORAD Index indicated that the experimental group showed more statistically significant declines than the placebo group after the two-week use. 2. Comparison of changes in intensity criteria(Erythema, Edema, Oozing, Excoriation) through SCORAD Index indicated that the experimental group showed more statistically significant declines than the placebo group after the two-week use. 3. Comparison of changes in subjective symptoms through SCORAD Index indicated that the experimental group showed no statistically remarkable changes. 4. Comparison of changes in the body parts(Upperlimb) through SCORAD Index indicated the experimental group showed statistically significant changes after the two-week use. 5. Comparison of the general changes in quality of life through Skindex-29 indicated that the total score from experimental group showed statistically significant changes after the four-week use. Conclusions: This study, evaluated through SCORAD Index, indicated that the treatment with the external preparation containing herbal extract has a statistically marginal significance of efficacy on atopic dermatitis patients in the short term.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

본 연구는 연교를 함유한 한방처방단을 이용하여 항염 소재를 개발하여 피부 진정 및 여드름, 아토피용 한방화장품 소재를 개발하고자 하였다. 한방에서 염증 질환 치료에 이용되고 있는 연교를 함유한 처방단을 기성한의서를 바탕으로 조사하였다. 그 중 아토피 증상과 가장 연관이 있을 것으로 판단되는 연교승마탕(連翹升麻湯), 연교음(連翹飮), 청열소독음(淸熱消毒飮), 회춘양격산(回春凉膈散)의 처방단을 추출하여 항산화 및 항염 관련 효능을 알아보았다. 연교 함유처방단들의 자유라디칼 소거활성과 superoxide dismutase 유사활성을 알아보았으며, lipoxygenase 활성 저해 효과와 대식세포주에서의 LPS 처리에 의해 유도되어지는 nitric oxide (NO)와 prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$)의 생성을 저해하는 효능을확인하였다. 그 결과 연교 함유 처방단들의 우수한 항산화효과와 lipoxygenase 활성 저해 효과를 확인하였다. 특히, 연교승 마탕과 회춘양격산의 NO와 $PGE_2$의 생성 억제 효과를 확인하였다. 또한, 인체 피부 일차자극시험 결과 무자극으로 나타났다. 이로써, 연교를 함유한 처방단들은 항염 효능을 이용한 피부 자극 완화제로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2015

항산화 활성, 항염증 효과, 항균작용, 주름개선 및 미백 효과 등이 알려져 있는 연교를 함유하며, 항염증 효과를 갖는 연교승마탕(連翹升麻湯), 가미연교승마탕(加味連翹升麻湯) 및 회춘양격산(回春凉膈散) 각각의 처방단을 추출하여 항노화 관련 효능을 알아보았다. 연교처방단 추출물의 자유라디칼 및 활성산소 소거 활성, 타이로시네이즈 활성 저해효과, 최종당화산물 생성 저해효과를 알아보았으며, 콜라겐 생성 및 자외선에 의해 유도된 MMP-1 생성 저해, ${\alpha}$-MSH에 의해 유도된 멜라닌의 생성 저해효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 항산화 및 항당화 효과를 보였으며, 효소처리 한 연교승마탕 추출물과 가미연교승마탕 75% 에탄올수용액 추출물은 콜라겐 생성 및 MMP-1 생성 저해효과를 나타내었다. 효소처리 한 회춘양격산 추출물들은 멜라닌 생성 저해효과를 나타내었다. 이로써, 연교처방단 추출물을 이용한 항노화 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

The fruit body of Forsythiae Fructus (Oleaceae), a common Korean medical herb, is widely used in the treatment of cold and inflammation. In order to elucidate the action mechanism and the active principles from the plant against anti-influenza virus, the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene RT-PCR and Viral Screening & Identification (VSI) assay were conducted, and the activity against viral replication was also investigated. Consequently, one active constituent, namely pinoresinol showed the in vitro antiviral principle using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method, indicating pinoresinol possessed anti-influenza viral activity. Furthermore, combination of pinoresinol and Tamiflu exhibited higher activities than Tamiflu alone against influenza virus (H3N2) infection. The results suggested that combination of pinoresinol with Tamiflu could be a better candidate for an ant-H3N2 viral agent in the treatment of the influenza.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2020

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve among the peripheral nerves, and the damage to the sciatic nerve is caused by mechanical and physical pressure. This is an important disease that consumes a lot of time and money in the treatment process. Among them, research on relieving nerve pain caused by damage to the peripheral sciatic nerve has been made efforts to prevent and treat this disease through various methods such as drugs, natural products, electrical stimulation, exercise therapy, and massage. Existing treatments are not very effective in neurological pain, and countermeasures are needed. Forsythia Fructus, used in this study, has been used as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases and a pain reliever for cancer from the past, and in past studies, it has been known to properly control the inflammatory response. In this study, rengyolone, a physiologically active substance of Forsythiae Fructus, was administered to rats that caused chronic left nerve pain to verify the pain relief effect. As a result of the experiment, it was found that mechanical pain and cold stimulation pain were significantly reduced in the rengyolone-treated group compared to the non-administered group. In addition, it was found that nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression was significantly reduced and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdc2) expression was increased in the rengyolone administration group. This increase in NGF expression is thought to be related to rengyolone's anti-inflammatory regulatory mechanism. It is expected that the reduced NGF was directly involved in pain relief.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

Objectives : Forsythiae Fructus (Forsythia koreana Nakai) has been used anti-inflammatory, diuretics, antidote, and antibacterials in traditional herbal medicine. The present study is focused on the inhibitory effect of Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract (FF-E) on the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, a mouse microglial cell line, and investigated the scavenging activity of FF-E. Methods : BV-2 cells were pre-incubated with FF-E for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (1 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) at indicated times. Cell toxicity of GCF was determined by MTT assay. The levels of NO, PGE2 and cytokines were measured by Griess assay and ELISA. The mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS and cytokines were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Free radical scavenging activity of GCF was determined by DPPH assay in tube test. Results : FF-E significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. In addition, FF-E attenuated the mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines. FF-E also significantly scavenged the DPPH free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results indicate that FF-E exhibits anti-inflammatory property by suppressing the transcription of inflammatory mediator genes, suggesting the anti-inflammatory property of FF-E may make it useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2004

The pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines have not been clearly defined in spite of their effective use in treating many diseases throughout the world. Many Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional medicine in far eastern countries including Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental drugs prevent allergic disease in vivo or in vitro models. Some Korean folk medicine inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect on systemic or local anaphylaxis reaction. Potential anti-anaphylactic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum-Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryong-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; Cichorium intybus; Perilla frutescens; Vitex rotundifolia; Terminalia chebula; Siberian Ginseng; Solanum melongena; Gahmi-Shini-San; Alpinia oxyphylla; Acanthopanax senticosus root; Prunella vulgaris; Allergina; Ixeris dentate; Acanthopanax senticosus stem; Tongkyutang; Salvia plebeia; Rubus coreanus; Sinpo- Tang; Dodutang; Forsythia fructus; Xanthii fructus; and Purple bamboo slat. Ensuring the effects and understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2011

A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to determine simultaneously eight marker constituents of Forsythiae fructus, and subsequently applied it to classify its two botanical origins. The marker compounds of Forsythia suspensa were phillyrin, pinoresinol, phillygenin, lariciresinol and forsythiaside; those of F.viridissima were arctiin, arctigenin and matairesinol. Separation of the eight analytes was achieved on a phenyl-hexyl column (150${\times}$2.0 mm i.d., 3 ${\mu}M$) using gradient elution with the mobile phase: (A) 10% acetonitrile in 0.5% acetic acid, (B) 40% aqueous acetonitrile. A few fragment ions specific to the types of lignans, among the product ions generated by collisonally induced dissociation (CID) of molecular ion clusters, such as [M-H]$^-$ or [M+OAc]$^-$ were used not only for fingerprinting analysis but for the quantification of each epimer by using multiple-reaction monitoring mode. It was shown good linearity ($r^2{\geq}$ 0.9998) over the wide range of all analytes; intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were within 9.14% and the accuracy ranged from 84.3 to 115.1%. The analytical results of 40 drug samples, combined with multivariate statistical analyses - principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) - clearly demonstrated the classification of the test samples according to their botanical origins. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the herbal drug.