• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of plum (Formosa, Oishiwase, Soldam) for the future development of functional food products. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of different types of plums, the inhibitory effect of plum extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and human cancer cell lines (A549, Ags, Hela, Hep3B). Among the three different plum cultivars, Oishiwase at a concentration of 1 mg/mL showed the highest inhibitory effects on NO production (%) in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, Oishiwase exhibited a higher anti-cancer activity against A549 (renal carcinoma, 50%), Ags (gastric carcinoma, 35%), HeLa (cervical carcinoma, 50%), and Hep3B (hepatocellular carcinoma, 31%) at a concentration on 1 mg/mL, respectively, compared to Formosa and Soldam. Our findings suggest Oishiwase plum extracts may serve as potential dietary sources of natural health promoting substances.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.710-718
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of plum(Prunus salicina Lindl. cultivars 'Oishiwase', 'Formosa', and 'Soldam') extracts on the proliferation as well as inhibition of human epithelial cells(HaCaT), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa, SiHa, and C33A) cells, and human stomach adenocarcinoma(SNU 638) cells. Dried plum was sequentially extracted and fractionated by hexane(KC-01), chloroform(KC-02), ethyl acetate(KC-03), n-butanol(KC-04), water(KC-05), methanol(KC-6), and hot water extract(KC-07). The epithelial and cancer cells were exposed for 48 h to $50{\mu}g/mL$ of plum extract in vitro, and were then analysed by a sulforhodamin B(SRB) staining assay. The methanol extract(KCP-6) of 'Formosa' proliferated not only the HaCaT cells(147.3%), but also the cervical carcinoma C33A cells(167.8%). The ethyl acetate extract of 'Soldam'(KCJ-3) significantly reduced the proliferation rate of the HPV positive conical carcinoma cells, at 61.5% for the SiHa cells and 70.5% for the HeLa cells. In the C33A cells, which are HPV negative cervical carcinoma cells, the hexane fractions of 'Formosa'(KCP-1) and 'Oishiwase'(KCD-1) markedly suppressed proliferation activity at 20.4% and 61.7%, respectively. However, the proliferation rate of the normal epithelial cells(HaCaT cell) was not reduced the proliferation rate by KCJ-3, KCP-1, or KCD-1, There were no significant effects on proliferation of the stomach cancer cells(SNU 638) by any of the extracts or fractions of the plum cultivars. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of the plum cultivars were selective to the cancer cell origin. In conclusion, we found that several plum cultivar extracts, especially, the ethyl acetate fraction of 'Soldam" and the hexane fraction of "Formosa', have anti-proliferative activity toward human cervical carcinoma cells. However, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms that mediate the antiproliferation activities of the plum cultivars.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.569-573
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• 2003

To determine the antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts form 'Formosa' plum against 4 kinds of pathogenic bacteria, the fermosa were got at different growth stages and were extracted using methanol, respectively. The Formosa methanol extracts treated with 5.0 mg/disc showed the highest antimicrobial activity against 4 kinds of pathogenic bacteria and those of Formosa 1-4(immature fruit), which thin out 10∼25 days before foal harvest, showed higher antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms than Formosa 5-6(mature fruit). Especially, the methanol extracts of Formosa 1 and 2 were exhibited the strongest growth inhibiting activities to these bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of immature Fomosa methanol extracts was 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and 160 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The MIC of immature Formosa methanol extracts to Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were 640 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. These results suggest that methanol extracs of immature formosa can be used as an effective natural antimicrobial agent in food.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to determine phenolic compounds and to evaluate antioxidant activities of plums (Soldam, Oishiwase and Formosa). Soldam contains the highest amount of total phenolics among cultivars (Formosa: 4.0%, Oishiwase: 3.3%, Soldam: 6.4% for total phenolic) as well as the total flavonoids of which constituents were mainly myricetin and anthocyanidin. The antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and SOD-like activities. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Korean plum extracts (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 43%, and the Soldam turned out to be the highest : ID50 value: 160-177 ${\mu}g/mL$ for Formosa and Oishiwase; 58-64 ${\mu}g/mL$ for Soldam. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of Korean plum extracts (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) was found to be more than 50%. The SOD-like activity of Korean plum extracts (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 70%. Among three kinds of cultivars, Soldam had the highest antioxidant activity. The nitrite scavenging activity of Soldam was 61.5%, which is the highest, compared with that of the other cultivars, about 50%. From these results, Korean plums turned out to be phytochemical rich fruit as well as to show high antioxidant activities.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Formosa plum aqueous extracts (PLe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Method : Three different dosages of PLe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Five groups, each of seven mice per group were used in the present study as follows. Tumor volume and weights, serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels, serum IL-6 were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Result : Although no meaningful changes on the tumor weights and volumes were observed after treatment of all three different dosages of PLe, decreases of tumor cell volumes in tumor masses were dose-dependently decreased mediated by increases of apoptosis among tumor cells by treatment of PLe 100 and 200 mg/kg as compared with tumor-bearing control. In addition, decreases on the body weight and gains were also demonstrated in tumor-bearing control with increases of serum IL-6 levels. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of PLe showed favorable immunomodulatory and anticachexic effects with anticancer effects in 100 and 200 mg/kg of PLe treated groups on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.816-821
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• 2005

Chemical characteristics and physiological activities of plums (Oishiwase and Formosa) were evaluated. Proximate composition of plums consisted of (w/w) 1.9-6.2% protein, 2.3-7.1% fat, 3.5-4.1% ash, and 84,1-88,7% carbohydrate. Organic acids, such as oxalic, malic, succinic, and acetic acids were detected, except in Oishiwse acetic acid was not detected. Free sugars consisted of sorbitol, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Total fiber and total phenolics compounds of plum rind were higher than those of flesh. Electron-donating abilities of rind ethanol extracts were higher than those of BHA and tocopherol, and were twofold higher than those of flesh extracts. Nitrite-scavenging abilities of rind and flesh extracts were significantly higher (over 97%) at pH 1.2 and 3.0. Tyrosinase-inhibitory activities ranged 88.5 to 100%. SOD-like activities of all extracts were weak at 22.7 to 27.2%.