• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.106-120
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• 2001

The Busan area in the northeastern part of the Ogcheon metamorphic zone, Korea, consists mainly of Precambrian Busan and Bakdallyeong gneiss complexes, Ogcheon metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granitoids. The Busan gneiss complex shows Heart-shaped distribution laying down eastward, and is surrounded by the Ogcheon metamorphic rocks in the central part of the Busan area. In this study structural examination on the main constituent rocks (Busan gneiss complex and Ogcheon metamorphic rocks) was conducted to clarify the geological structure of the Ogcheon metamorphic zone in the Busan area. It indicates that the geological structure was formed at least by three phases of deformation. (1) Dl deformation: the formative period of the structural units of WNW trend (Sanjeoteo, Busan-II, Busan-I, and Chungiu nappes) and the mylonitic foliations related to the compression of NNE-SSW direction, (2) D2 deformation: the differential E-W shortening and N-S extension period of the structural units of WNW trend related to the compression of E-W or WNW-ESE directions, (3) D3 deformation: the formative period of the kink or open folds of E-W trend related to the compression of N-S direction in the eastern and southern parts of Busan area where the structural units of N-S or NNE trends reoriented owing to the intense D2 deformation were developed. These three phases of deformation are closely connected with the distribution of the structural units and the Heart-shaped Busan gneiss complex laying down eastward, and in this paper a new geodynamic model to the Heart-shaped Busan gneiss complex is suggested: Dl deformation-the zonal distribution of WNW trend with a constant width, D2 deformation - the formation of convex wedges northeastward and southward, D3 deformation - the formation of concave wedge westward.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

This paper proposes a method for decomposing a Hangul glyph of outline fonts into its initial, medial and final components using statistical-structural information. In a font family, the positions of components are statistically consistent and the stroke relationships of a Hangul character reflect its structure. First, we create the component histograms that accumulate the shapes and positions of the same components. Second, we make pixel clusters from character image based on pixel direction probabilities and extract the candidate strokes using position, direction, size of clusters and adjacencies between clusters. Finally, we find the best structural match between candidate strokes and predefined character model by relaxation labeling. The proposed method in this paper can be used for a study on formative characteristics of Hangul font, and for a font classification/retrieval system.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.335-344
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• 2003

There are various schemes to improve the environment of a rir in which we dwell. Among them environment color is one of formative elements that compose a city environment, the recognition about it is coming to be high gradually. A stabilized appropriate color of city environment gives a psychological social cultural effect to the people and also can be a useful method even in public information of city image, To give a citizen sensitive aesthetic and emotional satisfaction, a systematic rational design approach is necessary in an environment color plan. Hereupon, this study suggests one model of a concrete substantial color design through analyzing a present condition, for example, an existing environment, a case study about similar space, and a question investigation for finding out preference image and applying them to the color design. Through a rational systematic environment color design one can expect several effects making identity in a region, increasing a peculiar image or unity reinforcement by total application of color scheme, creating a visual environment with aesthetic characteristic, and efficiency of continuous color management system.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.52-68
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to be inquired inner contemplation of the tattoo expressed in the modern costumes. For this study, related documentaries and pictures or photos were analyzed in terms of the theretical background for the history of tattoo, the relation between tattoo and the modern western costumes. The primary source of pictures or photos are Vogue, Collections, Collezioni, Harper\`s Bazaar, Modain, Model et Mode etc. The human\`s needs of body decoration had constantly pursued on the body and costumes from the first until lately. Especially in the recents, as the tattoo is implicated a dynamic and charming method of all kinds of body decoration, it\`s used a motive of modern western costumes. The original tattoo means a picture, word etc. that was put permanently onto their skin using a needle and coloring matter. But, these days tattoo is an expression of street style for something new in the subculture. The results were as a follows : The inner meaning of tattoo represented in the modern costumes was classified into two categories. First, the tattooing was a very important factor to complete fashion design through the history of modern costumes, and also the elaborate tattoo of the body was displayed unrestricted formativeness as the skinhead\`s tattoo, raceless\`s ambiguity of street style and artistic decoration, because that can be faded easily. Second, Tattoo Look was expressed as tattoo prints of the see-through, elastic textiles in the modern costumes. That is, the tattoo enhanced the effect of dramatic atmosphere other formative arts as well as the modern costumes by Tattoo Look. Similarity, Tattoo Look could be interpreted as the change of the aesthetic consciousness by the influence of the subculture. Accordingly, in the end of a this century, many experimental designers had applied tattoo to modern costumes. So this study will stand as an important clue to foresee the future costume\`s style and change.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2009

According to previous researches about online evaluation in many e-Learning contents, it took too much time and effort to generate test questions for formative or achievement tests using a database as an item pool. Furthermore, it is hard to measure accomplishment of learners for each unit through overall tests provided by existing e-learning contents. In this paper, to efficiently cope with problems described above, the item pool based on Item Form was transformed into Interaction Date Model in Run-Time Environment of SCORM2004. And the contents for the math concepts and principles that students would learn from regular classroom were developed in accordance with SCORM. In addition, Confidence Factor Function was used to take an objective view in measuring the accomplishment of learners through the items automatically generated by LMS(Learning Management System).

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2021

Following the previous study, we report a complementary dating data on the silty layers deposited in paleo-tidal conditions of the study area, Dangjeong-ri, Seocheon-gun and suggest coastal terrain development processes over the past 200,000 years. Based on the dating results, the silty layers distributed up to 25 m above mean sea level were deposited between 171 and 183 ka, and the gravel layer deposited in a fluvial environment of a paleo-Dangjeong stream was found to have formed between 78 and 83 ka. Considering relative altitudes of distribution, an uplift rate of the study area in the western coast is judged to be relatively 0.5~0.7 low to that of Pohang area in the eastern coast. Compared to Busan and Sacheon areas in the southern coast, it is assumed that an uplift rate of the study area shows a similar level with those during the late Quaternary.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1155-1169
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Unhealthy food choices among young adults are common globally, and the incidence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, is rising. Food literacy (FL) is important for improving and maintaining individual health in a rapidly changing food environment and can form the basis for following a sustainable diet. Therefore, it is essential to improve FL among young adults, particularly college students, who are in the formative years of their lifelong food habits. This study examined the facilitators and barriers of FL and related dietary behavior among college students in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study recruited 25 college students with different residence types using convenience and snowball sampling. In-person, telephone, and video interviews were conducted from March to November 2021. The interview data were analyzed using framework analysis based on the socio-ecological model. RESULTS: At the individual level, prior good experiences with food were the most frequently mentioned facilitator. In contrast, the major barriers were a lack of knowledge, financial hardship, irregular schedules, and academic stress. At the interpersonal level, the influences of family and peers, such as early exposure to healthy eating habits and opportunities to have easy accessibility to farms and farming, are major facilitators, but the lack of a sense of community was the major barrier. At the environmental level, the major barriers were unfavorable food environments at home and in neighborhoods, such as the absence of kitchens in housing and large packaging of produce at markets. CONCLUSIONS: Many factors affected the students' FL and related healthy eating practices. These findings suggest that a campus-based FL program should be developed by reflecting on these facilitators and barriers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.316-328
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• 2021

In this study, the leaf Na content prediction model for spring potato was established using 400-1000 nm hyperspectral sensor to develop the multispectral sensor for the salinity monitoring in reclaimed land. The irrigation conditions were standard, drought, and salinity (2, 4, 8 dS/m), and the irrigation amount was calculated based on the amount of evaporation. The leaves' Na contents were measured 1st and 2nd weeks after starting irrigation in the vegetative, tuber formative, and tuber growing periods, respectively. The reflectance of the leaves was converted from 5 nm to 10 nm, 25 nm, and 50 nm of FWHM (full width at half maximum) based on the 10 nm wavelength intervals. Using the variance importance in projections of partial least square regression(PLSR-VIP), ten band ratios were selected as the variables to predict salinity damage levels with Na content of spring potato leaves. The MLR(Multiple linear regression) models were estimated by removing the band ratios one by one in the order of the lowest weight among the ten band ratios. The performance of models was compared by not only R2, MAPE but also the number of band ratios, optimal FWHM to develop the compact multispectral sensor. It was an advantage to use 25 nm of FWHM to predict the amount of Na in leaves for spring potatoes during the 1st and 2nd weeks vegetative and tuber formative periods and 2 weeks tuber growing periods. The selected bandpass filters were 15 bands and mainly in red and red-edge regions such as 430/440, 490/500, 500/510, 550/560, 570/580, 590/600, 640/650, 650/660, 670/680, 680/690, 690/700, 700/710, 710/720, 720/730, 730/740 nm.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.31-50
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• 2018

This study implemented an empirical analysis of education and training for dangerous goods and hazardous materials handlers on the Busan New Port terminals and hinterland logistics centers using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in combination with the formative model and reflective model, from the viewpoint of the supply chain. An effect size analysis was also conducted. The results of the empirical analysis show that Training Environment and the Atmosphere of Education have a positive influence on the Educational Expectation of hazardous material handlers, and the Educational Expectation has a positive influence on the Education and Training Program and Transfer of Education Training. Likewise, the Education and Training Program has a positive influence on the Transfer of Education Training and Result of Education and Training. Furthermore, the Transfer of Education Training has a positive influence on the Result of Education and Training. The Result of Education and Training has a positive influence on the Present State of hazardous material management. According to the results of the effect size analysis, the following parameters represented a great effect: the Atmosphere of Education to the Education Expectation, the Education Expectation to the Education and Training Program, the Transfer of Education Training to the Result of Education and Training, and the Result of Education and Training to the Present State of Dangerous Goods Management. The results of this study provided various suggestions for related practices.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.109-120
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• 2006

Part of public arts, environmental builforms not only enhance the beauty of a building, but also serve to stabilize the citizen's psychology and as a landmark having intimate values with the city environment and symbolic meanings. Thus they do have sociocultural values as an original formative artwork. The purpose of this study was to suggest evaluation and review methods and an evaluation framework for environmental builtforms, which had legal binding under the building decoration system, to a local government to improve the quality level of urban environment. It will be such a distant goal of creating a desirable urban environment as long as environmental builtforms are merely regarded as an object to follow a vogue and a mandatory passage procedure. It's important to take a perspective of an expert to set up and suggest an evaluation system in the public aspects. In the study a consideration was made of the current systems and review criteria of environmental builtforms, which was followed by the development of a theoretical research model and of a framework for statistical evaluation by a group of experts. The questionnaire designed based on the theoretical research model was tested for validity and reliability. Its pilot test results were then analyzed to verify the hypotheses. The questionnaire collected twice were statistically analyzed in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with the SPSSWIN 11 program. All the analysis results were used to come up with a final evaluation framework.