• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 중학교 학생들에게 Thinking Science 프로그램을 통한 실험집단과 통제집단을 3 년에 걸쳐 비교하여 인지가속 효과를 조사하는 것이다. 이 프로그램은 2년간 중학교 1학년 168명의 학생들에 게 투입되었다. 프로그램 투입 이후에 SRT VII으로 사후검사와 지연검사를 실시한 결과 학생들의 형식적 사 고 능력의 향상이 거의 2배나 이루어졌다. 사후검사에서 실험집단의 인지발달 수준이 통제집단과 비교하여 유 의미한 인지향상점수를 얻었다. 투입이 더 이상 이루어지지 않은 다음 해의 지연검사에서는 실험집단과 통제 집단이 동일한 비율로 인지발달이 이루어졌지만 실험집단의 구체적 조작 후기에 있는 많은 학생들이 형식적 조작기로 이동하였다. 성별에 따른 인지수준의 향상은 사후검사에서는 실험집단의 여학생들이, 그리고 지연검 사에서는 남학생들이 형식적 조작기로의 이동 비율이 더욱 크게 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1978

The aims of this research are two-folds; tomake an outline of 15 experiments conducted by J.Piaget and to make an analysis of Piagetian understandiug level on child's conception of Movement and Speed. The finding of this study are as follows; 1) The outline reveals that all of the experiments(15EA.) were constructed logically under the bases of Cognitive Development i.e. Succession order or placing (2EA.), Change of location (4EA.) Qualitative Speed(6EA.), and Quantification of Speed (3EA.) etc. 2) The analysis indicates that the concept on Movement and Speed which children develop go through generally from the stage (1B) of late preoperation to the stage(3A) oarly formal operation.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2017

ICT 기술과의 융합으로 인해 산업 자동화 시스템은 복잡도와 신뢰성 요구 수준이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 최근에는 이러한 요구에 대응하기 위해 응용 개발 초기 과정에서부터 정형 기법을 활용하는 연구들이 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 산업 자동화 응용을 위한 타임드 오토마타 모델 기반 네이티브 코드 자동 생성 프레임워크를 제안한다. 사례 연구로 산업용 네트워크를 사용하는 신호등 제어 시스템을 모델링하고, 탑재되는 응용의 타이밍 속성을 검증하였다. 제안하는 프레임워크의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 자동 변환된 네이티브 코드를 사용하여 EtherCAT 네트워크 기반 테스트베드의 동작을 확인한 결과, 모델 명세와 동일하게 동작하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2013

Gastric carcinoma rarely presents as a perforation, but when it does, is perceived as advanced disease. The majority of such perforations are Stage III/IV disease. A T1 gastric carcinoma has never been reported to perforate spontaneously in English literature. We present a 56 year-old Chinese male who presented with a perforated gastric ulcer. Intra-operatively, there was no suspicion of malignancy. At operation, an open omental patch repair was performed. Post-operative endoscopy revealed a macroscopic Type 0~III tumour and from the ulcer edge biopsy was reported as adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, the patient underwent open subtotal gastrectomy and formal D2 lymphadenectomy. The final histopathology report confirms T1b N0 disease. The occurrence of a perforated early gastric cancer reemphasises the need for vigilance, including intra-operative frozen section and/or biopsy, as well as routine post-operative endoscopy for all patients.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.419-433
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• 2015

Analogical reasoning is a central component of human cognition and contributes to scientific discovery and to develop science education. In this study, we investigated the process features of lower elementary school students' analogical reasoning to explain mixture concept. The subjects are 24 lower elementary students. And the research design includes three phases instruction to investigate the features of students' self generated analogy. Phase 1 is the introduction of analogy in which student learn to use analogy. Phase 2 is a POE class about mixture conception. Piaget and Inhelder studied the conception of mixing among children in relation to cognitive development. In phase 2, we taught the student with Piaget and Inhelder's the experiment and observed the features of learning process about mixture conception. Phase 3 is students' generation of analogy (self generated analogy) for the experienced phenomena in phase 2. We analyzed the students' responses through the three phases in the view of Gentner's Structure Mapping Theory. The results showed that many lower elementary school students even before formal operation stage understood the mixture conception and made well their self generated analogy to explain the mixture conception in spite of the difficulty of making self generated analogy.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 인지수준과 동기적 측면을 동시에 고려한 마인드 툴인 의미망 프로그램이 인지수준에 따른 학업 성취도와 동기에 미치는 효과를 알아보고, 교육현장에 보다 효과적으로 활용되도록 하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 연구 결과 인지수준별 동기 전략을 적용한 마인드 툴을 활용한 수업은 과도기 학생들의 생물 학업성취도를 향상시켰고, 학습 내용에 시각적인 효과를 보여줌으로써 학생들의 인지구조에 새로운 지식을 효과적으로 연결시켜 주의집중과 자신감을 높일 수 있었다. 또한 형식적 조작기 학생들 보다 과도기 학생들의 의미망 형성에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 학습내용이 구조지식으로 조직화되어 학습내용의 파지에 효과적이었다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2005

The recent emergence of electronic commerce could provide different opportunities to small firms in overcoming part of their technological, environmental, organizational, and managerial inadequacies. However, recent research provided a gloomy picture about electronic commerce uptake and use in small firms. Until now few small flrms adopted electronic commerce. This phenomenon gives us several implications. One of the implications is a need to generate more research to small firms' uptake and use of electronic commerce. So, this research aims at what is determinants in small firms' adoption of electronic commerce, especially business - to - business(B2B). Several previous studies were identified various influential variables in adoption of small firms' electronic commerce. To some extent, by industries these variables may be different in influencing B2B adoption of small firms. This study selected fishery industry's wholesale firms as survey domain. Then, It selected some variables from previous studios and group them in several factors for consistently comparing variable's influential power. Through hierarchical influencing model of B2B adoption, managers who worked for fishery wholesale firms were surveyed. Among the first level's factors of the model, business factor was identified as the statistically most influential factor in B2B adoption. Technological factor and environmental factor at the frist level were identified as relatively less influential factors. Among the second level's factors of the model, it was statistically significant only that technological usefulness factor was more influential than technological burden factor in B2B adoption. And among the third level's factors of the model, it was identified that formal plan and task team for B2B, top management support, and mutual beliefs of inter - firms were statistically more influential than related variables in B2B adoption. These results give us some implications. First, fishery wholesale firms recognized B2B as a new business paradigm, and technological problems as not obstacles in adopting B2B. Thus it would be possible to activate the fishery B2B if they were guided to getting B2B benefits and B2B's relative advantages. Second, they considered the power of influential factors might be different by B2B stages. That is, top management support was more important in the B2B introduction stage, and formal plan and task team for B2B and mutual beliefs of inter - firms were more important in the B2B operation stage.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.422-431
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• 2002

교과내용의 수준과 학생들의 인지수준의 차이로 인해 중 고등학생들이 과학을 어려워하며 학년이 올라갈수록 과학을 기피하는 현상이 심해지고 있는 현 상황에서, 인지발달을 촉진하는 특별한 프로그램을 통해 학생들의 인지수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 적극적인 대처 방안이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 이 연구는 인지가속을 위해 특별히 고안된 TS 활동 프로그램을 사용하여 그 효과를 검증하였다. 중학교 1학년 학생 181명을 대상으로 1년간 TS 활동 프로그램을 적용하고 공변량분석을 한 결과, 통제집단에 비해 실험집단 학생들의 인지수준이 통계적으로 의미 있는 수준에서 향상된 것으로 밝혀졌다. TS 활동 프로그램의 처치 효괄르 인지수준별로 분석한 결과, 인지수준이 향상된 단계는 1단계와 구체적 조작 후기인 2B 단계였다. 또한, 이 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단에서는 통제집단에 비하여 형식적 조작기로 인지수준이 상향 변화된 학생들의 비율이 훨씬 높았다. 형식적 조작 단계의 사고를 요하는 내용이 대부분인 중학교 과학교과내용을 보다 잘 이해하기 위해서는 학생들의 인지수준 향상이 매우 절실하다. 이 연구에서, TS 활동 프로그램과 같이 특별히 고안된 프로그램에 의해 학생들의 인지수준을 보다 효과적으로 형식적 조작 단계로 가속시킬 수 있다는 결과를 얻은 것은 앞으로의 과학교육에 새로운 방향을 제시하는 의미가 있다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

In this study, contents of 'the 2007 revised curriculum handbook' and 16 kinds of mathematics textbooks were analyzed first. The purpose of this study is to examine the understanding state of students at general high schools by making questionnaires to survey the understanding state on contents of chapter of complex number based on above analysis. Results of research can be summarized as follows. First, the content of chapter of complex number in textbook was not logically organized. In the introduction of imaginary number unit, two kinds of marks were presented without any reason and it has led to two kinds of notation of negative square root. There was no explanation of difference between delimiter symbol and operator symbol at all. The concepts were presented as definition without logical explanations. Second, students who learned with textbook in which problems were pointed out above did not have concept of complex number for granted, and recognized it as expansion of operation of set of real numbers. It meant that they were confused of operation of complex numbers and did not form the image about number system itself of complex number. Implications from this study can be obtained as follows. First, as we came over to the 7th curriculum, the contents of chapter of complex number were too abbreviated to have the logical configuration of chapter in order to remove the burden for learning. Therefore, the quantitative expansion and logical configuration fit to the level for high school students corresponding to the formal operating stage are required for correct configuration of contents of chapter. Second, teachers realize the importance of chapter of complex number and reconstruct the contents of chapter to let students think conceptually and logically.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-51
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• 1980

In order to research into the devel of the concept of movement and speed in our own way and compare with the Piaget's method, and then find out the formative period of such development, we have put the 192 primary school children as the model and obtained the following results. 1. As their grade upyards, all the experimental subjects showed the gradual progress generally regardless of sex or regions, while only the relative speed showed irregular progress. 2. There was no experimental subject which showed any remarkable sexual characteristics. But in the relative movement, the lower grade boys and higher grade girls made progress. In the subjects of circulation movement, intuition of speed, relative speed and speed of simultaneous movement, the boys marked better progress, whilst the girls were advanced a little in the speed of continuous movement with, different distance and time. 3. There was no conspicuous difference between the urban and rural areas, except a slight tendency that the urban children made better progress in the change of progressing direction, native continuous procedure of periodical movement, travelling road, and the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time whereas the rural children were more advanced in the relative movement, relative speed and intuition of speed. But it should be 'taken into consideration that the rural regions in our case were relatively developed in comparison with the traditional rural communities, which may explain about little regional difference. 4. Comparing our research results with the Piaget's theory, we have reached below results. Our research reports that the formative period of the conception of the problems of diverse progressing direction and a native continuous procedure of periodical movement was simultaneous, at the Piagetian level(at the fourth grade) which coincides with Piagetian theory. The travelling road should be made up a little lower at 2A/2B according' to Piagetian Level, whereas it was formed at the 4th grade as shown in our previous research. Intuition of speed should belong to the prior stage to concrete operation, but our research shows it was formed late at the 4th grade. Composition of displacement was made at the 6th grade, and it was almost equal to the first stage of formal operation(3A). But in the subjects of relative movement relative speed, the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time, relation and preservation of invariable speed, and accelerated motion, even 6th grade children marked a poor record. Summed up, the procedure conception as a basic movement conception coincides with the Piagetion level. But as for speed intuition, relative speed and speed fixation, it was Jar behind Piagetian level. Therefore it is required that we have to concentrate on the systematic training in these parts on the spot.